Workshop on ‘Environmental Science Research Field Study’

Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh

and The United Nations University

25 July 2009

Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

LESTARI-UKM:

Collaborative Research on Climate Change

25 July 2009

Tan Ching TiongResearch Officer, Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI)

PhD Candidate, Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

2

Presentation Outline

1. Climate Change Responses in Malaysia

2. Climate Change Activities in UKM and LESTARI

3. Policy Study on Climate Change: Stakeholder Consultation Approach

4. Potential Collaboration for Regional Research

3

Climate Change Responses in

Malaysia

4

Past records: • Temperature records 1951-1996: warming trend +0.18 0C

per decade

• Rise in sea level over 1986-2006: < +1.3 mm/year (based on 2 pilot sites in Peninsular Malaysia)

Source: NAHRIM (2006)

Possible climatic change in Peninsular Malaysia by 2041-2050:• Temperature rise 20C

• More extreme hydrological conditions Higher maximum rainfall; Lower minimum rainfall.

Higher high riverflow; Lower low riverflow.

Climate Scenarios: Malaysia

(National Level)

5

Source: NAHRIM (2006)

Climate

Factor

Projected Change * in Maximum Monthly

Value

North

West

Region

North

East

Region

Central

Region

Southern

Region

Rainfall + 6.2 % + 32.8 % + 8.0 % + 2.9 %

Temperature +1.80 0C +1.88 0C +1.38 0C +1.74 0C

* Difference = Average 2025-2034 & 2041-2050 minus Average 1984-1993

Projected change* in monthly river flows:

• Mean flow no significant change except

increases in Kelantan and Pahang

• Maximum flows and minimum flows Magnified hydrologic extremes in

Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang (higher high flow, lower low flow)

Climate Scenarios: Malaysia

(State Level)

66

• Physical manifestation of climate change and

extreme weather

• International socio-political obligations

• Climate change – cross-sectoral in nature,

involves more than environmental issues, also

affects economic growth and human well-being

• Climate change – transcends all levels,

sectors, stakeholders and major groups

• Climate change measures need to be

mainstreamed into development plans

Need for Policy Response on CC

7

Malaysia’s CC Responses

• Ratified UNFCCC on 13 July 1994

• National Steering Committee on Climate Change was established in 1994

To guide national responses on climate change

• UNFCCC commitment Submitted Initial National Communication (INC) in 2000

Second National Communication (NC2) 2006-09

• Current Policy Scenario Cabinet Committee on Climate Change in January 2008

(chaired by Prime Minister)

• Formulation of a National Policy on Climate Change

8

Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK9)

– Highlight of Climate Change Programmes

• Increase supply and utilisation of alternative fuel such as renewable energy (RE);

• By 2010 about 300 MW of RE is expected to be generated and connected to the TNB Grid in Peninsular Malaysia and 50 MW to SESB Grid in Sabah;

• RE projects utilising municipal waste will be promoted;

• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol will be utilised to provide support for the implementation of Small Renewable Energy Programme (SREP);

• Supply to 55,000 unit of houses electricity generated from technologies such as hybrid solar system and micro-hidro;

• Encourage energy efficiency in industrial, building and transport sectors;

• Protect forest areas via sustainable forest management to ensure the forest areas are maintained as sink to greenhouse gas, i.e. Carbon dioxide.

• Conduct Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) study;

• Implement coastline protection programme;

• Develop Integrated Coastal Zone Management;

• Implement flood mitigation programme such as the Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART) Project;

• Undertake study to identify the relationship between the impacts of climate change and vector-borne diseases.

ADAPTATION

MITIGATION

9

Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment

– Climate Change Related Activities

• National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) Project

• Second National Communication (NC2) Project

• GEF – Resource Allocation Framework 4 (GEF-RAF4)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) /

Global Environment Facility (GEF):

• Policy Study on Climate Change (LESTARI-UKM)

• Preparation of GHG Inventory – Energy & Industrial Processes (PTM)

• Comparative Study on Carbon Sequestration (FRIM)

• Development of CDM Secretariat (PTM, FRIM, MARDI)

• Public Awareness and Training Programmes (TrREES, MNS, CETDEM, UPM)

Ninth Malaysia Plan (RMK9)

10

Climate Change Activities in

UKM and LESTARI

11

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM

(National University of Malaysia)

VC

Deputy VC (Academic &International Affairs)

Deputy VC (Students’ &Alumni Affairs)

Deputy VC (Research & InnovationAffairs)

Registrar

Bursar

Chief Librarian

F. Engineering

F. Education

F. Islamic Studies

F. Dentistry

F. Medicine

F. Allied Health Science

F. Social Sciences & Humanities

F. Science & Technology

F. Information Science & Technology

F. Law

Centre for Graduate

Management

Centre for General Studies

Centre for Academic Advancement

Centre for Co-curricular

IGH (UNU)

IMEN

ATMA

•Faculty : 12•Research Institutes : 15•Centre : 7 (4 Academic Centres)

IKMAS

UMBI

IKON

F. Economics & Business

LESTARI

ANGKASA

INBIOSIS

SERI

ISLAM HADHARI

FUEL CELL

INST. WEST ASEAN REGION STUDIES

INST. OF ETHNIC STUDIES

Deputy VC (Industry & Community Relations)

F. Pharmacy

SEADPRI

Since 18 May 1970

12

UKM: Research Niche

• Niche areas: National Identity, Multiculturalism and Globalization

Regional Sustainable Development

Renewable energy

Medical and Health Technology

Climate Change

Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials

• UKM – one of four research

universities based on performance.

• Research institutes are established to

support multidisciplinary research and

niche areas.

13

• To steer the development of climate

change knowledge for sustainability.

• To enhance capacity of academicians

and researchers in climate change

research.

• To understand the adaptive capacity of

ecosystems and enhance human

resilience to climate change.

• To compliment national and global

climate change initiatives by

strengthening research collaborations

Objectives:

Climate Change Research Niche

14

Research Thrusts & Areas

Climate Change Research Niche

Policy Responses and Adaptation

• Planning and vulnerability assessment for climatic hazards

• Socio-economic impacts of health and climate change

• Balancing of adaptation and mitigation

Tropical Climate Change

• Atmosphere, sea & climate

• Ecosystems

• Impacts and adaptation

Livability and climate change for ethical living

• Livability (local mitigation for ethical living)

• Cleaner technology

• Socio-cultural and ethical living

15

Climate

Change

Adaptation &

Mitigation

Policy & Planning Responses

(including economic instruments)

• LESTARI

• Faculty of Economy & Business

Lo

cal P

hysic

al &

Bio

log

ical R

esp

on

ses

•F

aculty

of S

cie

nce &

Technolo

gy (F

ST

)

•IK

LIM

/FS

T

•S

EA

DP

RI/L

ES

TA

RI

Technology Responses

• Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)

• Fuel-Cell Institute

• Faculty of Engineering

Beh

avio

ura

l &

Pu

bli

c H

ealt

h R

esp

on

ses

•F

aculty o

f S

ocia

l S

cie

nces &

Hum

anitie

s

•F

aculty o

f E

ducation

•F

aculty o

f M

edic

ine

•F

aculty o

f A

llied H

ealth S

cie

nce

UKM: R&D on Climate Change

16

aaa

Financing Technology

Mitigation Adaptation

NATIONAL LEVEL (2nd National Communication)

GHG Inventory (FRIM) Mitigation (PTM)

• Energy & Industrial Processes (PTM)

• Agriculture (MARDI)

• LULUCF (FRIM)

• Waste (DOE/KPKT)

Vulnerability & Adaptation (NAHRIM)

• Agriculture (MARDI)

• Forestry (JPSM)

• Biodiversity (FRIM)

• Energy (PTM)

• Water Resources

(NAHRIM)

• Coastal & Marine (DID)

• Public Health (IMR)

• Climate Projection

(NAHRIM)

• Socio-economic Impacts

& Responses (LESTARI)

UKM LEVEL (Ongoing R&D)

Policy & Planning Responses

(incl. economic instruments)

• LESTARI

• Faculty of Economy &

Business

Local Physical &

Biological Responses

• Faculty of Science &

Technology (FST)

• IKLIM/FST

• SEADPRI/LESTARI

Technology Responses

• Solar Energy Research

Institute (SERI)

• Fuel-Cell Institute

• Faculty of Engineering

Behavioural Responses

• Faculty of Social Sciences &

Humanities

• Faculty of Education

• Faculty of Medicine

• Faculty of Allied Health Science

Climate Change – National Initiatives & UKM’s R&D

17

About LESTARI

• The Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)

• Established on 1 October 1994

• Vision: LESTARI aims at being a centre of excellence in research and

training on matters pertaining to environment and development in Malaysia and the Asia Pacific

• Mission: As a focal point, conducting multi-disciplinary and integrated

research in balancing trade-offs between environment and development.

As a primary mover in influencing policy, build capacity to meet the aspirations of sustainable development.

As a reference point, addressing issues pertaining to sustainability in development

18

LESTARI – Research Programmes

SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

Sustainability

Science

Sustainability

Governance

Social and Community

Well-Being

Economic and Industrial

Sustainability

Environmental

Sustainability and

Natural Resources

Geological

Heritage

of Malaysia

Environmental

EconomicsCommunity

Well-beingUrban Ecosystems

Sustainability

Sustainability

Assessment

Environmental

HazardsEcosystem

Studies

Cross Sectoral

Sectoral

Core Groups

MMERI MyNICHE

Integrated and Holistic

Approach

MyCLIMATE NatROCK

19

Malaysian Network for Research on Climate, Environment & Development

(MyCLIMATE)

Objectives:

• Consolidate R&D partnerships within UKM

• Strengthen linkages with government agencies, private sector,

NGOs/CBOs and selected universities

• Complement national agencies and conduct R&D that is policy relevant

Current research activities:

• Policy Study on Climate Change [National]

• Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts and Responses, Vulnerability

& Adaptation Working Group of the Second National Communication

Project [National]

• APN-CAPaBLE Programme: Strengthening Capacity for Policy

Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in

Agriculture and Water Sectors [Regional/National]

20

OUTPUTS

NATIONAL POSITION

AT UNFCCC / KP

NATIONAL POLICY –

STRATEGIES &

ACTIONS

STATE POLICY &

ACTION PLANS

INPUTS

COMPARATIVE STUDY

• Selected NCs

• Selected National Policies /

Strategies from Other Countries

CRITICAL REVIEW

• Post-2012 Responses

• Elements of the UNFCCC / KP

• OPP3 / RMK9 / Relevant National

Policies / M-INC

• State Policies & Planning Processes

• Specialised Studies

STAKEHOLDER VIEWPOINTS

• Surveys/Interviews

• National/Regional/Other Meetings

• RMK9 CC Projects

• NC2

• NCSA

Policy Study on Climate Change: Approach & Outputs

21

Socio-Economic

Impacts &

Responses

Support Group

(SEIR-SG)

SEIR-SG

(LESTARI-UKM)

Agriculture

(MARDI &

LESTARI, UKM)

Forestry

(JPSM)

Energy

(PTM &

FEP, UKM)

Public Health

(IMR, IHM &

FSSK, UKM)

Water

Resources

(NAHRIM &

UPM)

Marine &

Coastal

Resources

(JPS &

LESTARI, UKM,

UPM)

Biodiversity

(FRIM)

NC2

Vulnerability

& Adaptation

GHG

Inventory

Mitigation

Climate

Projection

7 Sectoral

Groups

22

CAPaBLE Programme on CC

Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability

• Strengthening capacity for policy research on mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in agriculture and water sectors

– 3 years; 2009-2012

• Project aims: – strengthen research capacity on mainstreaming climate change adaptation

concerns into agricultural and water policies.

– create a consortium for adaptation policy research in Asia

• Collaborating institutions:– Malaysia: UKM-LESTARI/SEADPRI (Proponent)

– Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Collaborator/Mentor)

– Vietnam: Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology & Environment (Collaborator)

– India: MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (Collaborator)

23

Development of National Policy on

Climate Change in Malaysia:

The Approach of Stakeholder

Consultation

2424

BACKGROUND

• Policy Study on Climate Change (2007-

2008), Ninth Malaysia Plan

• To develop a national policy and

strategies on climate change in

fostering sustainable development in

Malaysia to meet the needs of the

country and respond to the UNFCCC

25

Research Team• Conservation and Environmental Management

Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment– Dr. Lian Kok Fei (Undersecretary)

– Chong Poon Chai (Deputy Undersecretary)

– Shahril Faizal Abdul Jani (Principal Assistant Secretary)

– Maximilian T. Conrad (Assistant Secretary)

– Siti Khadijah Abdul Ghani (Assistant Secretary)

• Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

– Project Leader – Prof. Dr. Joy Jacqueline Pereira

– Researchers – Prof. Dr. Mazlin Mokhtar; Prof. Dato’ Dr. Ibrahim Komoo; Raja Datuk Zaharaton Raja Zainal Abidin; Datin Paduka Dr. Halimaton Saadiah Hashim; Dato’ Shaharuddin Mohamad Ismail; Prof. Chamhuri Siwar; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Hamid Jaafar; Dr. Er Ah Choy; Sarah Aziz Abdul Ghani Aziz

– Manager – Tan Ching Tiong

– Research Assistants – Koh Fui Pin; Nur Azrina Azhar; Zaiwana Ngojar, Mohd. Khairul Zain Ismail

26

OUTPUTS

NATIONAL

POSITION AT

UNFCCC / KP

NATIONAL POLICY –

STRATEGIES &

ACTIONS

STATE POLICY &

ACTION PLANS

INPUTS

COMPARATIVE STUDY

• Selected NCs

• Selected National Policies / Strategies

from Other Countries

CRITICAL REVIEW

• Post-2012 Responses

• Elements of the UNFCCC / KP

• OPP3 / RMK9 / Relevant National

Policies / M-INC

• State Policies & Planning Processes

• Specialised Studies

STAKEHOLDER VIEWPOINTS

• Surveys/Interviews

• National/Regional/Other Meetings

• RMK9 CC Projects

• NC-2

• NCSA

Approach & Outputs

27

Approach of Consultation

• Phase 1 (2005-2008) – to understand & document viewpoints:

– identified key issues of concern and compiled ideas and recommendations expressed by stakeholders in different past meetings

• Phase 2 (2007-2008) – to inform on policy formulation & solicit inputs:

– presented the approach of policy formulation and preliminary results

• Phase 3 (2008) – to review policy framework & solicit viewpoints

– presented the proposed policy framework to obtain direct feedback and solicited inputs in formulating key actions

• Phase 4 (2008) – to review draft policy & key actions

– scrutinised and refined the draft policy

28

Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 1)

Approach Indirect (reviews of conference proceedings)

No. of event 11

Types of event Project specific preparatory/inception & consultative meetings.

Capacity building initiatives.

Awareness raising, and sharing of information and experience.

Level & number

of stakeholders

National and state (~1150)

Outcomes Acknowledged usefulness of national reporting to the UNFCCC

in formulating future climate change policy.

Recognised shortcomings in existing institutional arrangement

and policies.

Gathered proposals for ensuring proper mechanism for

implementation of international conventions and national

policies.

Identified need for climate change policy to harmonise and

provide guidance to existing policies, to mainstream climate

change into national policies, programme and plans.

Pointed out gaps and constraints and provided

recommendations.

Developed overall policy framework.

29

Climate

Change

Adaptation Mitigation

Development

Vulnerability

Development

ResilienceEconomic

Vulnerability

Economic

Resilience

Resources Economy Social

Climate Proof

Development

Land

Water

Forestry

Biodiversity

Mineral

Agriculture

Industry

Biotechnology

Food Security

Water Sufficiency

Irrigation

Livelihood

Safety & Security

Social Welfare

Emission Reduction / Sink Enhancement

Carbon Offset Schemes

Climate Friendly Technology

Financing & Investment

Insurance Schemes

Climate Resilient

Economy

Low Carbon

Economy

Climate Resilient

Development

Industry Finance Trade

OVERALL

FRAMEWORK

SOURCE: LESTARI 2008

30

Outputs – Stakeholder Consultation ReportsMOSTI (21-22 Jun 07) NRE/UNDP (4-5 Sep

07)NRE/British HC

(29-30 Oct 07)

NRE/UNDP (11 Sep 07)

LESTARI/ EAROPHP

(5-7 Nov 07)

LESTARI/NRE/UNDP

/ISIS (25 Feb 08)

MOSTI/MMD/ASM/UM

/UKM (14-15 Oct 08)

3131

Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 2)

Approach Direct (presentation of study approach and

preliminary outcomes)

Number of event 7

Types of event Project specific initiation & consultative

meetings.

Awareness raising, & sharing of information &

experience.

Level & number of

stakeholders

National and state (~400).

Outcomes Conducted an awareness survey in business

sector with support from a manufacturers group

Indicated support to a national policy on climate

change

3232

Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 3)

Approach Direct (through workshop and official

submission by agencies); Survey; Interview

Number of event 7

Types of event Peer review and consultation.

Policy & senior level briefing & consultation.

Level & number

of stakeholders

National (~130).

Outcomes Formulated and improved key actions.

Obtained support and policy guidance from

the high level officials in NRE.

Deliberated structure, compositions and

functions of sub-committees that will support

the new Cabinet Committee on CC.

3333

Draft National Policy on Climate Change

(version 23 Dec. 2008)

• Preamble

• Policy Statement

• Rationale

• Objectives (3)

• Principles (5)

• Strategic Thrusts (10)

• Key Actions (44)

• Glossary

Contents:

3434

Stakeholder Consultation (Phase 4)

Approach Direct (workshop and official submission)

Number of event 1

Types of event Consultation.

Level & number

of stakeholders

National and state (~100).

Outcomes Obtained agreement from national

and state stakeholders on the draft

policy.

Revised and submitted draft policy to

NRE.

3535

Next Steps – More Consultation

• Table the draft policy to the Cabinet

Committee on CC for consideration.

• Determine key implementers and other

partner agencies

• Suggest timeline for key actions

• Assign appropriate performance indicators

• Establish a dedicated Climate Change Unit

to oversee and coordinate implementation.

36

Key Principles / Findings

• Stakeholder viewpoints as crucial inputs to drafting and refining the recommendations on the policy.

• Stakeholders be consulted as widely and deeply as possible.

• Potential historical sources of information be traced and reviewed for pertinent inputs.

• The intention of the policy formulation be communicated and informed to stakeholders at early stage and during different forums.

• The outcomes of direct consultations be always circulated or reported to stakeholders, either for review and verification or informing how feedbacks had been considered where appropriate and feasible.

36

37

Potential Collaboration for Regional

Research

38

Strengthening Capacity for Policy

Research on Mainstreaming Adaptation

to CC in Agriculture and Water Sectors

APN Project Planning Meeting

Malaysia: LESTARI-UKM

Japan: IGES

Vietnam: IMHEN

India: MSSRF

Asian University Network of Environment & Disaster

Management (AUEDM)

Japan: Kyoto Uni. / IGES

Malaysia: SEADPRI-UKM

Philippines: Uni. of Las Banos

Indonesia: ITB

+

1. UKM-APN Inception Workshop

2. APN Project Planning Meeting

3. AUEDM Discussion

Including ADB

Cambodia??

10-11 Aug 2009, Kuala Lumpur

39

Feasibility Study of Networking of Geoscience

& Petroleum Institutes & Organisations in the

CCOP Member Countries

• Joint study:– Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and

Southeast Asia (CCOP)

– Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI-UKM)

• Establish a platform for sharing of resources, facilities, funds for joint research and experiences between CCOP Member Countries – Phase 1 (2009): petroleum geoscience

– Phase 2 (2009-10): geoscience (geohazards, environmental geology, mineral and groundwater resources, etc)

• Main targets: universities and research institutes with curriculum or interest in petroleum geoscience

• Status:– Preliminary web survey results: none in Cambodia

– Questionnaire: survey to assess potential networking (ongoing)

40

THANK YOU

Tan Ching Tiong

Research Officer / PhD Candidate

Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Institute (SEADPRI) /

Institute for Environment & Development (LESTARI)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Tel: +603-89214230

Fax: +603-89255104

Email: tctiong@gmail.com