Lessons macedonian language
description
Transcript of Lessons macedonian language
UNIT 1
1.1 Macedonian language and alphabet
1.2 The Letters of the Macedonian alphabet
1.3 Pronunciation
-The pronunciation of the vowels
- The pronunciation of the consonants
1.4 The Greetings
UNIT 2
2.1 Dialogue I
2.2 Dialogue II
2.3 Personal Pronouns
2.4 The verb (to be)
2.5 The Plural of Nouns
2.6 Accent
2.7 Vocabulary
UNIT 3
3.1 Text I
3.2 Text II
3.3 Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
3.4 Demonstrative Pronouns
3.5 Definite Article
3.6 The preposition (Na)
UNIT 4
4.1 Numerals
4.2 Telling Time and Date
-What time is it?
-Time expressions
-Days
-Months
UNIT 5
5.1 Interrogative sentences with the interrogative pronouns
5.2 Questions with , , and
5.3 The affirmative and the negative
5.4 Verb Tenses
UNIT 6
6.1 General
6.2 Family and relatives
6.3 City, Country
6.4 Geographic Terms and Natural Phenomena
6.5 Food and Drink
6.6 Some Verbs
6.7 Country names
UNIT 1
1.1 MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET
Macedonian, the official language of the Republic of Macedonia, is
an Indo-European language from the family of Slavic languages
belonging to the South-Slavic group. At the same time, it is a
Balkan language. It was proclaimed the official language of the
Republic of Macedonia at the First Session of the Assembly for the
National Liberation of Macedonia, held on August 2, 1944.
Macedonian Standard is based on the central variants of the western
dialects.
Macedonian shares a set of grammatical features that set it apart
from all other Slavic languages except the Bulgarian
language:
a suffixed definite article that comes after the noun, the
adjective or the possessive pronoun (kniga - book; knigata - the
book);
the loss of case forms, except the vocative form in some situations
(zemja - land; zemjo moja - you, my land);
analytic declination - in Macedonian, as in English, prepositions
have replaced cases as a way of showing the grammatical
relationships between different parts of a sentence (Daj mu ja
knigata na deteto! - Give the book to the child!; Knigata za
deteto. - The book about the child.);
three-syllable accent (the accent always falls on the third
syllable from the end in words of three syllables or more) and the
clear pronunciation of unaccented vowels; (pla-ni-na ; pla-ni-na-ta
; pla-ni-na-ri-te);
double object (Jas ja sakam nea. - I love her.; Jas go sakam nego.
- I love him.);
constructions with ima / nema - has / hasn't (Imam videno... - I
have seen...; Nemam videno... - I have not seen...);
constructions with sum (to be) + verb-adjective (Ne sum jaden
utrovo. - I didn't eat this morning.), etc.
The Macedonian language uses the Cyrillic alphabet. There are 31
sounds in the Macedonian language. In the Macedonian Cyrillic
alphabet, there is one symbol for each sound, that is, there are as
many letters as sounds (31), making it completely phonetic.
Spelling in Macedonian does not present any difficulties since
there is one symbol for each sound. Thus, Macedonian is surely one
of the easiest languages to learn to read and write
1.2 THE LETTERS OF THE MACEDONIAN ALPHABET
The Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet has 31 letters (5 vowels and 26
consonants).
The Letters of the Macedonian alphabet are:
, , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , .
1.3 PRONUNCIATION
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE VOWELS
The vowels , , , , are pronounced like their English equivalents in
the following words:
Macedonian
CyrillicLatin
equivalentPronunciation
A - tatko - father ... like a in father
E - metal - metal ... like e in metal
I - ima - has ... like i in image or ee in see
O - oko - eye ... like o in cold
U - utre - tomorrow ... like oo in food
NOTE: The consonant (latin equivalent: R) in some positions in a
word has a vowel function. In some of those positions, when a word
begins with or when there is a vowel before the , then the letter
is writen using the sign " ' " before it: '. When (latin
equivalent: r) has a vowel function it sounds much like the middle
sound in the English words girl, bird or serve:
For example, the consonant has a vowel function in these
words:
/prst/ - finger > pronunciation: something like perst (pirst) ;
like ir in English first
/prv/ - first > pronunciation: something like perv
/drvo/ - tree > pronunciation: something like dervo
/chetvrtok/ - Thursday > pronunciation: something like
chet-ver-talk
' /'rzh/ - rye > pronunciation: something like erzh
' /'rbet/ - back, backbone > pronunciation: something like
erbet
' /za'rzhi/ - to start neighing > pronunciation: something like
zah-er-zhee *green is the accentThe vocal schwa [] that appears in
some dialects and words is written using the sign '`': ` [ksmet], `
[sska], ` [fstak], ` [tnka], ` [tga], ` [Vlkov] etc.
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS
The consonants ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, are pronounced like their
English equivalents in the following words:
Macedonian
CyrillicLatin
equivalentPronunciation
B - buka - beech ... like b in book
V - vera - faith ... like v in very
G - gora - wood ... like g in go
D - da - yes ... like d in dust
Gj - lugje - people ... like gi in give
Zh - zhaba - frog ... like sio in vision
Z - za - for ... like z in zoo
Dz - dzid - wall ... like z in italian zero; pronounce d and z together > d-z > dz
J - jas - I ... like y in yacht
K - kama - dagger ... like c in camera
L - luk - garlic ... like l in look
Lj - ljubov - love ... like lio in million
M - mi - me ... like m in me
N - no - but ... like n in no
Nj - dinja - melon ... like ni- or ny- in onion or canyon; the spanish
P - pat - path ... like p in path
R - rob - slave ... like r in robot
S - son - dream ... like s in son, sun
T - tuka - here ... like t in too
Kj - kjup - vessel ... like cu in cute
F - fakt - fact ... like f in fact
H - himna - anthem ... like h in him
C / Ts - car / tsar - tsar ... like ts in tsar
Ch - chaj - tea ... like ch in much
Dzh - dzhin - giant ... like j in jungle
Sh - shuma - forest ... like sh in shop
1.4 THE GREETINGS
Here are the Macedonian greetings and their English equivalents.
The most common greeting expression is ! /zdrvo/ - Hello!.
Here are other greetings:
! /dobr utro/ - Good morning!
! /dbar den/ - Good afternoon!
! /dobrvecher/ - Good evening!
! /dbra nkj/ - Good night!
! /prjatno/ - Have a nice day! ; Good bye!
! /dovidvanje/ - Good bye!
! /zbgum/ - Farewell!
? /kko ste/ - How are you? ; How do you do?
! /mngu dbro/ - Very well!
! /blagdaram/ - Thank you!
UNIT 2Dialogue I
- ! (Hello!)
* Jana Zdravo!
- ! (Hi!)
* Aleksandar Zdravo!
- . . , ? (I am a Macedonian. My name is Jana Petrova. What is your
name, please?)
* Jana - Jas sum makedonka. Moeto ime e Jana Petrova. Koj ste vie,
ve molam?
- . . (I am a Macedonian. My name is Aleksandar Markovski)
* Aleksandar - Jas sum makedonec. Moeto ime e Aleksandar
Markovski.
- , ? (And who is he?)
* Jana - A, koj e toj?
- . . (He is an American, his name is John Smith)
* Aleksandar - Toj e amerikanec. Se vika Dzhon Smit.
- ? (Is she an American as well?)
* Jana - I taa e amerikanka?
- , . . (Yes, she is an American too, her name is Anna Brown)
* Aleksandar - Da, i taa e amerikanka. Nejzinoto ime e Ana
Braun.
- , ? (And who are they?)
* Jana - A, koi se tie?
- . (They are English)
* Aleksandar - Tie se anglichani.
Dialogue II
: ! (Hello!)
* Ana: Zdravo!
: ! (Hi!)
* Dzhon: Zdravo!
: (Are you English?)
* Ana: Vie ste anglichanec?
: , , . . , ? (No, I am not English, I am American. My name is John
Smith. What about you, are you American?)
* Dzhon: Ne, ne sum anglichanec, jas sum amerikanec. Moeto ime e
Dzhon Smit. A, vie amerikanka ste?
: , . . (Yes, I am an American as well. My name is Anna
Brown.)
* Ana: Da, i jas sum amerikanka. Moeto ime e Ana Braun.
2.3 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
The personal pronouns in Macedonian are:
Singular - Plural -
- I - we
- you - you
- he
- she
- it - they
Note: 2nd person singular is the familiar form, used when addressing a close friend, a child, or a member of one's family. The polite form of address is 2nd person plural .
2.4 THE VERB (TO BE)
Present Tense of the verb (To Be)
Singular - Plural -
- I am - we are
- you are - you are
, , - he, she, it is - they are
Past Tense of the verb (To Be)
Singular - Plural -
- I was - we were
- you were - you were
, , - he, she, it was - they were
Future Tense of the verb (To Be)
Singular - Plural -
- I shall be - we shall be
- you will bw - you will be
, , - he, she, it will be - they will be
Samples:
. - I am Macedonian.
. - You are a Macedonian.
. - We are Macedonians. ... . - I was in Macedonia.
. - You were in Macedonia.
. - She was in Macedonia. ... . - I shall be a teacher.
. - He will be a teacher.
. - She will be a teacher.
2.5 THE PLURAL OF NOUNSThere is a grammatical gender in Macedonian.
The three grammatical genders into which all Macedonian nouns fall
are the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter. There are two
numbers: the singular and the plural. Adjectives agree with nouns
in gender, definition, and number.
In most cases:
- the singular masculine nouns have a consonant in the end of word,
for example: (mazh), (moliv), (kompjuter), (chovek), (uchitel),
(grad), (stol), (kluch), (Vardar - river in Macedonia)...
- the singular feminine nouns have the ending: -a or -ja , for
example: (zhena), (devojka), (kniga), (masa), (svadba), (Bitola -
city in Macedonia), (Makedonija - Macedonia), (lekcija),
(organizacija)...
- , for example: (milost), (chesnost), (vernost), (hrabrost),
(doblest)...
- there are some feminine nouns that have a consonant in the end of
word, for example: (ljubov), (prolet), (esen), (sol), (var)... -
the singular neuter nouns have the ending: -or -, for example:
(selo), (pismo), (Tetovo - city in Macedonia), (pile), (kuche),
(tele), (dete), (momche), (devojche), (Skopje - the capital of
Macedonia)...
Forming of Plural
- The plural of masculine nouns is formed by adding - or -, - to
the singular:
- ; - ; - ... (mazh - mazhi, moliv - molivi, kompjuter -
kompjuteri...)
- ; - ; - ... (stol - stolovi, grad - gradovi, kluch -
kluchevi...)
If there are two objects the plural of masculine nouns is formed by
adding -to the singular:
1 - 2 ; 1 - 2 ; 1 - 2 ...
- The plural of feminine nouns is formed by adding - to the
singular without -a or -:
- ; - ; - ... (zhena - zheni, kniga - knigi, masa - masi...)
- ; - ... (lekcija - lekcii, organizacija - organizacii...)
- ... (doblest - doblesti...)
- The plural of neuter nouns is formed by adding - or - to the
singular without the last vowel:
- ; - ; - ; - ... (selo - sela, pismo - pisma, pile - pilinja,
kuche - kuchinja...)
2.6 ACCENT
The accent is a characteristic feature of the Macedonian literary
standard language. There is three-syllable accent (the accent
always falls on the third syllable from the end in words of three
syllables or more). Unaccented vowels are clear pronounced.
Sample: /Makednija/ - Macedonia > pronunciation:
mah-keh-doh-nee-yah *green is the accent
/vropa/ - Europe > pronunciation: eh-vro-pah
In two-syllable words the accent falls on the second syllable from
the end in word.
Sample: /zhna/ - a woman > pronunciation: zheh-nah
but, /zhnata/ - the woman > pronunciation: zheh-nah-ta ; see
lesson 3: Definite Article In some foreign origin words the
three-syllable accent rule is not used.
Sample: /renom/ - reputation > pronunciation: reh-no-meh
/kultra/ - culture > pronunciation: cool-too-rah
2.7 Vocabulary
/me/ - name
/kj/ - who
/ve mlam/ - please
/me/ - my
/se vka/ - its name is
/makdonec = makdonets/ - Macedonian (man)
/makdonka/ - Macedonian (woman)
/makdonski/ - Macedonian (like adverb or adjective)
/amerkanec/ - American (man)
/amerkanka/ - American (woman)
/njzino/ - her
/vo/ - in
/chitel/ - a teacher
/uchtelka/ - a teacher (woman)
/mazh/ - man
/mliv/ - penpencil
/kompjuter/ - computer
/stol/ - chair
/grad/ - town, city
/kluch/ - key
/zhna/ - woman
/knga/ - book
/msa/ - table
/lkcija = lktsija/ - lesson
/organizcija/ - organization
/slo/ - village,country
/psmo/ - letter
/ple/ - chicken
/kche/ - dog
Note: The vocabulary words are listed not by alphabetical order,
but in order of their appearance in the text.
UNIT 3
3.1 Text I
. - This is mine.
. - Take my book.
. - This book is mine.
. - Take my pencil.
. - This pencil is mine.
3.2 Text II
. - I have a new book.
. - The book is very interesting.
. - The book is mine.
. or . - This is my book. ; This book is mine.
. or . - That is my book. ; That book is mine.
. - This is your book.
. - Take this book.
. / . - Take that book.
3.3 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
The possessive pronouns and the possessive adjectives in Macedonian
have the same form. They are:
Singular - Plural -
, , , - my / mine, , , - our / ours
, , , - your / yours, , , - your / yours
, , , - his / his
, , , - her / hers
, , , - its / its, , , - their / theirs
Note:
, , , , , , go with singular masculine nouns
, , , , , , go with singular feminine nouns
, , , , , , go with singular neuter nouns
, , , , , , go with plural nouns of the three grammatical
gendersSample:
- masculine noun - key :
. - This key is mine.
. - This is my key.
- feminine noun - book :
. - This book is mine.
. or . - This is my book.
. - These books are mine.
. - These are my books.
- neuternoun - dog :
. - This dog is mine.
. - This is my dog.
3.4 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
gender - Singular - Plural -
masculine -he
- this
- that - they
- these
- those
feminine- she
- this
- that
neuter - it
- this
- that
3.5 DEFINITE ARTICLE
The Suffixed Definite Article is a characteristic feature of the
Macedonian literary standard language. There are three forms for
each gender in singular and plural.
For example:
- Singular:
- (kniga) - singular feminine noun, meaning a book
(knigata), meaning the book
(knigava), meaning the book near me
(knigana), meaning the book over there
- Plural:
- (knigi) - plural feminine noun, meaning books
(knigite), meaning the books
(knigive), meaning the books near me
(knigine), meaning the books over there
gender - Singular - Plural -
masculine-
-
--
-
-
feminine-
-
-
neuter -
-
--
-
-
Sample 1:
. (Ima kniga na masata.) - There is a book on the table.
. (Knigata e na masata.) - The book is on the table.
Sample 2:
- masculine noun - key :
. - The key is mine. / That key is mine.
. - This key is mine.
. - That key is mine. ...
- feminine noun - book : . - The book is mine. / That book is
mine.
. - This book is mine.
. - That book is mine.
. - The books are mine. ...
- neuter noun - dog : . - The dog is mine. / That dog is
mine.
. - This dog is mine.
. - That dog is mine.
. - These dogs are mine.
. - Those dogs are mine.
Note: When adjective or possessive pronoun is used before the noun
then the Definite Articles go to the adjective or to the possessive
pronoun.
Sample 3:
- noun - dog ; - noun,plural - dogs
- adjective - white ; - adjective,plural - white
- possessive pronoun - my, mine
. - The dog is mine.
. - The white dog is mine.
. - This dog is mine.
. - This white dog is mine.
. - These white dogs are mine.
. - My dog is white. 3.6 THE PREPOSITION (NA)
The most used preposition in the Macedonian language is the
preposition (NA). This preposition has a lot of grammatical
functions and meanings:
a) . (Jana e na uchilishte.) - Jana is at school.
a) . (Na Bozhik.) - At Christmas.
a) . (Na masata.) - On the table.
b) . (Toa go kazhav na shega.) - I said it as a joke.
c) . (Kje odam na plivanje.) - I will go to swim ("to take a
swim").
d) . (Ova e kolata na Georgi.) - This is the Georgi's car (the car
of Georgi).
e) ? (Na kogo mu go kazha toa?) - To whom did you tell it?
f) . (Mu kazhav na Gerogi.) - I told (to) Georgi.
UNIT 44.1 NUMERALSThe cardinal and ordinal numbers in Macedonian are:
numbercardinal numbersordinal numbers
masculinefeminineneuter
0 /nula/
1 /eden/ m.
/edna/ f.
/edno/ neut.
2 /dva/ m.
/dve/ f. neut.
3 /tri/
4 /chetiri/
5 /pet/
6 /shest/
7 /sedum/
8 /osum/
9 /devet/
10 /deset/
11 /edinaeset/
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
30
31
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
101
102
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
999
1000
1001
2000
1000000
4.2 TELLING TIME AND DATE
What time is it?
? - What's the time? ; What time is it?
. - It is nine oclock. - 09.00
(). - It is a quarter past nine. - 09.15
. - It is half past nine. - 09.30
(). - It is twenty five minutes past ten. - 10.25
. - It is forty minutes past eleven. - 11.40
. - It is a quarter to twelve (a.m.). - 11.45
. - It is ten minutes past twelve. - 12.10
. - It is now midday.
. - It is now midnight.
. - In one hour (An hour later).
. - In ten minutes.
. - Now.
. - It is still early.
. - It is late.
, ? - What time is it, please?
. - My watch has stopped working.
. - My watch is fast.
? ; ? - At what time?
? - When?
(). - At one oclock.
. - At ten oclock in the evening.2 1903 . - / / - August 2,
1903
> pronunciation: vto-ree aav-goost ili-yah-dah de-vet-sto-teeny
ee trae-ta go-dee-nah *green is the accent Time expressions:
/den/ -day
/msec = mesets/ - month
/gdina/ - year
, /vek, stoltie/ - century
/chas/ - hour
/mnuta/ - minute
/skunda/ - second
/tro/ - morning
/pldne/ - noon
/vcher/ - evening
/nokj/ - night
/prlet/ - spring
/lto/ - summer
/sen/ - aumtumn
/zma/ - winterDays:
/ponedelnik/ - Monday
/vtornik/ - Tuesday
/sreda/ - Wednesday
/chetvrtok/ - Thursday
/petok/ - Friday
/sabota/ - Saturday
/nedela/ - SundayMonths:
/januari/ - January
/fevruari/ - February
/mart/ - March
/april/ - April
/maj/ - May
/juni/ - June
/juli/ - July
/avgust/ - August
/septemvri/ - September
/oktomvri/ - October
/noemvri/ - November
/dekemvri/ - December
UNIT 5
5.1 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNSSome
interrogative sentences are formed using the interrogative
pronouns: (Who) , (What) and (Whose), and placing the subject after
the linking verb , for example:
- /masculine singular/ , /feminine singular/, /neuter singular/,
/plural/ - Who
. - I am John Smith.
? - Who am I?
. - He is Aleksandar Markovski.
? - Who is he?
. - She is Jana Petrova.
? - Who is she?
. - They are my friends.
? - Who are they?- , , - Who / Whom / To whom ? - Who are you
waiting for?
? - Whom/Who did you see?
? - Who/Whom did you give it to?
? - To whom did you give it?
- - What
. - Aleksandar is Macedonian.
? - What is Aleksandar?
. - Jana is Macedonian.
? - What is Jana?
. - Anna Brown is an American.
? - What is Anna Brown?
. - Aleksandar is a teacher.
? - What is Aleksandar?
. - John Smith is a journalist.
? - What is John Smith?Note: ? is used when asking about
profession, nationality etc.
- /masculine singular/ , /feminine singular/, /neuter singular/,
/plural/ - Whose
. - This key is mine.
? or ? or ? - Whose key is this? . or . - These books are
mine.
? or ? - Whose books are these?
5.2 QUESTIONS WITH , , e, and - - Why
? - Why is she late?
- - When
? - When are you coming back?- - Where
? - Where is she going?- - How
? - How old is she?
- - How
? - How are You?
5.3 THE AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVEThe affirmative in Macedonian is
expressed with the help of word (yes), for example:
? - Are You Macedonian?
, . - Yes, I am Macedonian.
? - Are they American?
, . - Yes, they are American.
? - Is he a journalist.
, . - Yes, he is a journalist.
The negative in Macedonian is expressed with the help of word (no ,
not), for example:
? - He is American?
, . - No, he is not merican. ? - You are a journalist?
, . - No, I am not a journalist.
5.4 VERB TENSES
The verb has three elementary tenses: present, past, future and a
large variety of verb tenses including the witnessed and
nonwitnessed forms. Here are the elementary Verb tenses in the
Macedonian language: - THE PRESENT TENSE
building: verb in 3rd person singular (present tense) + -, -, /, -,
-, -
sample: - read
Singular - Plural -
+ = - I read ; I'm reading+ = - We read ; We are reading
+ = - You read ; You are reading+= - You read ; You are reading
- He, She, It reads ; He, She, It is reading+ = - They read ; They are reading
Samples: - speak
. or . - I speak macedonian.
. - I speak Macedonian very well.
. - I am speaking about it (now).
. - You speak Macedonian very well.
. - You are speaking about it (now).
. - They speak Macedonian very well.
. - They are speaking about it (now).
- THE PAST TENSE
building: verb in 3rd person singular (present tense) + -, -, -, -,
-, -
sample: - read
Singular - Plural -
+ = - I was reading+ = - We were reading
+ = - You were reading+= - You were reading
+ = - He, She, It was reading+ = - They were reading
- THE FUTURE TENSE
building: + verb in present tense
sample: - read
Singular - Plural -
+ = - I shall read + = - We shall read
+ = - You will read += - You will read
- He, She read ; He, She, It will read + = - They will read
UNIT 6
6.1 General
! /da/ - Yes!
! /ne/ - No!
/ i / - and
/ili/ - or
/no/ - but
or /ni, nitu/ - neither; nor
! /zdrvo/ - Hello!; Hi!; Hello there!
/pzdrav/ - Regards
! /chao/ - Bye!
! /te skam/ - I love you!
! / jas te skam/ - I love you too!
! /te mlam/ - Please!
! /zvini/ - I am sorry! ; Sorry!
? /kko ste/ - How are you?
! /dbro/ - Very well!
! /blagdaram/ - Thank you!
? /kko se vkate/ - What is your name?
... or ... /js se vkam ; meto me e/ - My name is ...
? /od kde ste/ - Where are you from?
.../jas sum od/ - I am from ...
? /kde dish/ - Where are you going?
? /kde e ta/ - Where is it?
.../mjot drgar/ - My friend ...
.../pochtuvan/ - Dear ...
/gspodin/ - Mr.
/gspogja/ - Mrs.
!or ! /srekjen bozhik ; chestit bozhik/ - Merry Christmas!
! /srkjna nva gdina/ - Happy New Year!
! /srkjen rdenden/ - Happy birthday!
6.2 Family and relatives
/majka/ - mother
/tatko/ - father
! /mamo/ - mummy!
! /tato/ - daddy!
/sin/ - son
/kjerka/ - daughter
/brat/ - brother
/sestra/ - sister
/dedo/ - grandpa
/baba/ -grandma
/vnuk/ - grandson
/vnuka/ - granddaughter
/soprug/ - husband
/sopruga/ - wife
/bebe/ - baby
/dete/ - child ; kid
/deca = detsa/ - children ; kids
/momche/ - boy ; boyfriend
/devojche/ - girl ; a little girl
/devojka/ - girl ; girlfriend
, /prijatel, drugar/ - friend
/mazh/ - man ; husband
/zhena/ - woman ; wife
/mashko/ - male
/zhensko/ - female
/chovek/ - man ; person
/lugje/ - people ; folk
/narod/ - people ; nation
6.3 City, Country
/drzhava/ -state
/grad/ - town, city
/glaven grad/ - capital
/prestolnina/ - metropolis
/selo/ - village
/granica/ - border
/pretsedatel/ - President
/republika/ - republic
/vlada/ - Government
/pat/ - path; road
/semafor/ - traffic lights
/ulica/ - street
/avenija/ - avenue
/most/ - bridge
/centar/ - center
/prodavnica/ - store; market
/kino/ - cinema
/teatar/ - theater
/biblioteka/ - library
, /kafule, kafeana/ - caf
/uchilishte/ - school
/univerzitet/ - university
/crkva/ - church
/banka/ - bank
/poshta/ - post office
/bolnica/ - hospital
/policija/ - police
/hotel/ - hotel
/telefon/ - telephone
/pari/ - money
6.4 Geographic Terms and Natural Phenomena
/reka/ - river
/ezero/ - lake
/more/ - sea
/okean/ - ocean
/vodopad/ - waterfall
/ostrov/ - island
/poluostrov/ - peninsula
/rid/ - hill
/shuma/ - forest
/planina/ - mountain
/vrv/ - top; summit; peak
/zemja/ - land; country
/zemja/ - Earth
/planeta/ -planet
/dzvezda/ - star
/nebo/ - sky
/oblaci/ - clouds
/veter/ - wind
/vozduh/ - air
/dozhd/ - rain
/sneg/ - snow
/mraz/ - ice
, , /vinozhito, dzunica, bozhilak/ - rainbow
6.5 Food and Drink
/voda/ - water
/leb/ - bread
/meso/ - meat
/zelenchuk/ - vegetables
/ovoshje/ - fruit
/riba/ - fish
/maslo/ - oil
/kiselina/ - vinegar
/sol/ - salt
/shekjer/ - sugar
/jabolko/ - apple
/sliva/ - plum
, /piperka, chushka/ - pepper, paprika
/domat/ - tomato
/grav/ - bean
/sirenje/ - cheese
/kashkaval/ - kashkaval, yellow cheese
/mleko/ - milk
/jogurt/ - yogurt
/sok/ - juice
/chaj/ - tea
/kafe/ - coffee
/pivo/ - beer
/rakija/ - brandy, plum-brandy
/viski/ - whisky
/vino/ - wine
6.6 Some Verbs
/sakam/ - I like; I love
/sakash/ - you like; you love - singular
/saka/ - he/she/(it) likes; he/she/(it) loves
/sakame/ - we like; we love
/sakate/ - you like; you love - plural
/sakaat/ - they like; they love
/te sakam/ - I love you
/me sakash/ - you love me - singular
? /dali me sakash/ - Do you love me?
/ja sakam/ - I love her
/go sakam/ - I love him
/ne sakam/ - I don't like; I don't love
/ne te sakam/ - I don't like you; I don't love you
/mi se dopagjash/ - I like you
/ne mi se dopagjash/ - I don't like you
? /dali ti se dopagjam/ - Do you like me?
/te mrazam/ - I hate you
/odam/ - I go; I am going
/odish/ - you go; you are going
/odi/ - he/she/(it) goes; he/she/(it) is going
/stojam/ - I stay
/sedam/ - I sit down
/ucham/ - I study; I am studying
/pishuvam/ - I write; I am writing
/chitam/ - I read; I am reading
/zboruvam/ - I speak; I am speaking
()? (informal)
/Dali zboruvash makedonski (angliski)/ - Do you speak Macedonian
(English)?
()? (formal)
/Dali zboruvate makedonski (angliski)/ - Do you speak Macedonian
(English)?
/imam/ - I have
/imash/ - you have - singular
/ima/ - he/she/(it) has
/prashuvam/ - I ask/question; I am asking
/odgovaram/ - I answer/reply
/se vikam/ - my name is; I call myself (name)
/se vikash/ - your name is - singular
/se vika/ - his/her/(its) name is
/se vikame/ - our name is
/se vikate/ - your name is - plural
/se vikaat/ - their name is
6.7 Country names
Country name in EnglishCountry name in MacedonianNationality
Albania
Algeria
America (USA) ()
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Byelorussia
Bosnia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Croatia
Cuba
Czech
Denmark
Egypt
England
Estonia
Europe
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
India
Iraq
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kenya
Korea
Macedonia
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Scotland
Serbia
Slovakia,
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Turkey
Ukraine