Coastal Seminar; 2+ Years After Superstorm Sandy...Now What?
Lessons Learned from Superstorm Sandy · 2016-12-19 · Sandy* (2012) Northridge (1994) 9/11 Attack...
Transcript of Lessons Learned from Superstorm Sandy · 2016-12-19 · Sandy* (2012) Northridge (1994) 9/11 Attack...
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Lessons Learned fromSuperstorm Sandy
Alex Kripetz, Travelers Ocean Marine
Claudio Crivici, Castle Rock Risk Services
Carroll Robertson, BoatUS
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Lessons Learned: Act of God DefenseOur Marina Insureds will be sued by their customers
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Lessons Learned: Dock CoverageInsureds wanted/needed more components covered
then they initially contemplated in their limit
The obvious…
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The not so obvious….
Lessons Learned: Dock CoverageInsureds wanted/needed more components covered
then they initially contemplated in their limit
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Lessons Learned: Older DocksInsureds with ACV valuation want to know how to
choose a “good” limit
Kind of old? Really old? Mix of Both?Coinsurance?
Blanket? Schedule?Life Expectancy???
(Hint: Life Expectancy=20 more questions anddifferent for every dock system)
The Factors:
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Lessons Learned: CargoFlood: How’s the location I’m looking at (really)
Before:Flood Zone
Now:- Flood Zone- Flood Score
- Elevation Variance
If Higher Hazard:- Critical Machinery Location- Storm Season Accumulation
- Severe Event Plan?
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Lessons Learned: Hull/P&IChecking Up On The Storm Plan Works
1,500 Ft.
725 Ft.
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Basing storm contingencies on past experience has provedto be a frequent and tragic mistake.
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Sandy Surge - up to 12.5’. Surge was comparable to a strongCAT 2 hurricane– what if Sandy had Cat 2 Winds?
Comparable wind force up to 250% greater.
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Sandy Lesson LearnedOften inadequate Preparation for
Wind & Wave & Surge
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350 Slip Marina – 72 hours Post Sandy.
Lesson Learned – Is exposure on each risk known?Are PML estimates accurate?
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Policies – Blanket schedules often with inadequate values.Coinsurance – Often with unclear language.Actual Cash Valuation: Method of calculation must be definedin policy
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American Institute of Marine Underwriters
Carroll RobertsonSVP ClaimsBoatU.S.
May 8, 2013
LEARNING FROM SANDY
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250 miles
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BoatU.S. Catastrophe (CAT) Teams First deployed after Hurricane Alicia hit Houston in 1983
Team of experienced surveyors, salvors, and claims adjustors
On the ground after every major weather event where largenumbers of boats were destroyed for the past 30 years
Debrief after the fact to develop hurricane preparation bestpractices
First members reached marinas in NY and NJ less than 24 hoursafter Sandy made landfall; CAT Teams in the field throughChristmas
Past two months debriefing to determine what we can learn fromthis storm
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The objective
We will focus on:1.Why were so many boats and so much marina infrastructuredestroyed DESPITE good forecasting and days of preparationbased on industry “best practices?”2.How did the various methods of securing boats fare in Sandy’shigh surge?3.What are the key lessons learned for marine facilities?
To share lessons coming out of Sandy that will helpmarine facilities in storm-damaged areas rebuild
smarter and those in other areas prepare better forfuture storms
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Stuyvesant YCBetsy Haggerty
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
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Crescent Beach,Staten Island
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Goals of hurricane preparation Prevent loss of life
Limit damage to boats
Limit damage to marina infrastructure
Limit damage to other infrastructure
Limit damage to the environment
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Stuyvesant YCBetsy Haggerty
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So
urc
e:W
ash
ing
ton
Po
st
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Why was this storm so devastating?Storm Dynamics: Power of a hurricane with the size and duration of a nor’easter Largest storm ever in the Atlantic basin Confluence of easterly wind direction and Long Island
geography Intensity, extent, and duration of winds Arrival with lunar tide and duration across multiple high tides
Coastal Configuration: High population and marina density Many marinas only a few feet above MHW levels Prevalence of older marina infrastructure not designed to
withstand surge in excess of 6 feet
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East Quogue, NYLong Island
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Great Kills Harbor,Staten Island
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Croton YCHudson Valley, NY
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Atlantic Highlands, NJ
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Staten Island
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Additional Sandy challenges Not a dozen damaged marinas, but hundreds across
400 miles of coastline
Challenging logistics for almost three weeks: gasrationing, no electricity, no hotel rooms, traffic jams,blocked roads
Second Nor’easter ten days after Sandy broughtfreezing temperatures to devastated region Many boats not yet winterized
Many engines not pickled
First access to parts of the barrier islands didn’t occuruntil three weeks after Sandy
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32
Top 16 Most Costly Disastersin U.S. History
(Insured Losses, 2012 Dollars, $ Billions)
*Estimate as of 12/09/12 based on average of range midpoints from AIR, RMS and Eqecat..
Sources: PCS; Insurance Information Institute inflation adjustments.
$7.8 $8.7 $9.2 $11.1$13.4
$18.8$23.9 $24.6$25.6
$48.7
$7.5$7.1$6.7$5.6$5.6$4.4
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
Irene (2011) Jeanne
(2004)
Frances
(2004)
Rita
(2005)
Tornadoes/
T-Storms
(2011)
Tornadoes/
T-Storms
(2011)
Hugo
(1989)
Ivan
(2004)
Charley
(2004)
Wilma
(2005)
Ike
(2008)
Sandy*
(2012)
Northridge
(1994)
9/11 Attack
(2001)
Andrew
(1992)
Katrina
(2005)
Hurricane Sandycould become the 5th
costliest event in USinsurance history
Hurricane Irene became the12th most expense hurricane
in US history in 2011
IncludesTuscaloosa, AL,
tornado
IncludesJoplin, MO,tornado
NY Gov. Andrew Cuomo has requested$42 billion in federal aid. NJ Gov. Chris
Christie has requested $29.4B
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What we’ve learned Why was this storm so devastating?
Securing boats: What worked… and what didn’t?
What has Sandy taught us?
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Things that could not be changed… Height of hardstand area above sea level
Height of fixed pilings holding floating docks
Age and condition of fixed and floating docks
Condition of neighboring marinas’ infrastructure
Number of boats in dry stack storage whose ownersno longer have trailers
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What worked… and what didn’t Hauling boats
Securing on floating docks
Securing on fixed docks
Moorings
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Nelson’s Marine BasinTom’s River, NJ
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Atlantic Highlands Municipal MarinaAtlantic Highlands, NJ
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Patsy’s Bay, Stony Point NYLarry Wilson
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
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Hardstand stowage Surge carried boats off anywhere hardstand
stowage was within a few feet of MHW and surgeexceeded ~6 feet.
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Staten Island
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
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Good Luck Point Marina,Baysville, NJ
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
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Hardstand stowage Surge lifted boats off jackstands where hardstand
stowage was within a few feet of MHW and surgeexceeded ~8 feet.
Confined areas with multiple surge eventssuffered the greatest damage – “boat stew” atbulkhead consisting of boats, docks, marinaequipment, and other debris.
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Nelson’s Marine BasinTom’s River, NJ
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Nelson’s Marine BasinTom’s River, NJ
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Hardstand stowage Surge lifted boats off jackstands where hardstand
stowage was within a few feet of MHW and surgeexceeded ~8 feet.
Confined areas with multiple surge events sufferedthe greatest damage – “boat stew” at bulkheadconsisting of boats, docks, marina equipment, andother debris.
Where boats did not go over the bulkhead,recovery was far easier than from the water andboats were much more likely to survive.
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Outcomes in a high-surgestorm Hauling boats wasn’t wrong, but it didn’t work as well
as in high-wind storms.
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Securing boats on land Assessing wind and surge risk
Methods and techniques for securing boats on thehard
Would any of this have worked in Sandy?
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Storm Surge Watch and Warning
• Current tropical watches andwarnings are mainly issued forwinds
• NWS is developing a collaborativeprocess between the NationalHurricane Center and WeatherForecast Offices to issue tropicalcyclone storm surge watchesand warnings, separately from(tropical) wind watches andwarnings.
• Experimental tropical cyclonestorm surge watches and warningsfor public by 2015
• Future work: Expand to includeextra-tropical storms.
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Storm Surge Inundation Graphic
Work is well underway with thedevelopment of a tropical
cyclone inundation graphic
which incorporates uncertainty
Experimental in 2013 or 2014
Future work: Expand to include extra-tropical storms.
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Goals of hurricane preparation Prevent loss of life
Limit damage to boats
Limit damage to marinainfrastructure
Limit damage to otherinfrastructure
Limit damage to theenvironment
Keep the boats onland:(1) From going over
the bulkhead(2) On the premises(3) Upright(4) Watertight
PRIORITIES
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+ ?? feet
~3 feet
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Tying down boats: Sailboats Keeps them from being knocked over in high wind
events (impressive and proven results throughCategory 3)
Keeps them from getting carried away in high surgeevents
To flood the boat, surge has to exceed height of keeland topsides above the hardstand area – in excess of10 feet. BUT forces on the tie downs?
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Tying down boats: Powerboats Helps prevent them from being toppled off jackstands
in hurricane-force winds, but not as critical as forsailboats
Height of keel and topsides above the hardstand areasignificantly lower than for sailboats – would takemuch less surge to flood the boat
In high-surge events like Sandy, it may be better to“restrain” smaller (>30 feet) powerboats rather thanstrap them down completely
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Sebastian River Marina and Boat Club, Sebastian, FL
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Hinckley Yacht Services, Stuart , FL facility
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Techniques and lessons learned Plywood under jackstands to keep them from sinking
Jackstands should be chained together to keep themfrom shifting
Tying boats together can help to hold them in place
Fendering between boats to minimize damage
Special equipment may be required to pack boats in
Can charge for preparing boats for hurricanes
If tying down for surge that might reach higher thanthe waterline, would want to close all seacocks and sealthe exhaust
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Securing boats• Secure row of boats to strong points
• Use stretchy nylon line
• Allow boats to rise with the surge
• Held in the area by lines
• When they come down, may not come down well
• Even if damaged, still on premises, at least somewill be upright and watertight
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• DRAIN PLUGS IN• BILGE PUMPS ON• BATTERIES TOPPED UP
Securing smaller boats for large surge
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• DRAIN PLUGS IN• BILGE PUMPS ON• BATTERIES TOPPED UP
Securing smaller boats for large surge
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Courtesy Gary Lucas
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Gary Lucas Case Study Raised stands higher and added more concrete blocks
under the hull
Four screw anchors four feet long each rated for 6,000lbs.
Nylon straps ran over the top of the boat (not tocleats)
Ratchets to crank down on the straps
Straps and anchors were obtained from McMasterCarr at a cost of less than $100
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Courtesy Gary Lucas
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Would any of this have worked inSandy? Tying down sailboats would have kept a high
percentage in place
Tying down large powerboats would probably alsohave been a successful strategy
Restraining smaller powerboats looks like anapproach worth trying in future storms
These strategies did reduce damage to boats, marinasand other property in at least three cases
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Reality check Most people in the path of a hurricane are going to worry about
their families, homes, and cars before they worry about theirboats
Marina personnel have the same concerns, as well as needing tosecure the business before the storm strikes
May get three days of warning that a hurricane is approaching,but exact path, likely wind speeds, and forecast surge heightwon’t be reliable right up to 24 hours or so before it strikes
Hurricane plan must be realistic about how many boats you canhaul and prepare in three days – what will you do with the rest?
Would recommend having an Ultimate Storm Plan that can beimplemented in the last 24 hours
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What worked… and what didn’t Hauling boats
Securing on floating docks
Securing on fixed docks
Moorings
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Staten Island
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
Staten Island
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Mansion Marina,Staten Island
Staten Island
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Floating docks Where pilings were not high enough (and most
of them weren’t), the outcome was as bad orworse than being on the hard.
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Staten Island Yacht SalesStaten Island
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Floating docks Where pilings were not high enough (and most of
them weren’t), the outcome was as bad or worse thanbeing on the hard.
The only place where a meaningful number ofboats survived unscathed was on floating dockswith pilings high enough to accommodate thesurge.
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Floating docks – other issues A half dozen marinas/yacht clubs we know of where
the docks were within one foot of the top of thepilings
Forces on the entire docking system at that waterlevel much higher than normal; if not designed forthose forces or if docks are old or not in good repair,can easily destroy pilings
If Sandy’s winds had been Cat 3 or higher, the docksthat survived might have failed
Some boats and floating docks were damaged whendebris from other marinas came down on them
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Floating docks Where pilings were not high enough (and most of
them weren’t), the outcome was as bad or worse thanbeing on the hard.
The only place where a meaningful number of boatssurvived unscathed was on floating docks with pilingshigh enough to accommodate the surge.
BUT… some luck involved even then – debrisfrom other marinas damaged docks, dockage/engineering, wind speed and total forces.
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Outcomes in a high-surgestorm Hauling boats wasn’t wrong, but it didn’t work as well as
in high-wind storms.
Floating docks with sufficiently high pilings were the onlyplace where large numbers of boats survived Sandyunscathed, but in more than a few cases luck played asignificant role.
A higher percentage of boats survived on fixed docksthan in high-wind storms, but where they didn’t theywere often wrecked completely and recovery washarder than from hardstand areas.
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Mooring advantages Boats ride bow to the wind and waves, can adjust as
conditions change
With adequate scope, will ride up and down with thesurge
New technology for moorings, lines, and chafe protectionhave made mooring systems more reliable
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Nyack Boat ClubLarry Wilson
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Courtesy Warren FrerichsNyack Boat Club
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Courtesy Warren FrerichsNyack Boat Club
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Mooring System Mooring
Lower Chain
Swivel
Shackles
Upper Chain
Mooring Pendant
Point of Attachment to Boat
The mooring isonly so good asits weakest link
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Outcomes in a high-surgestorm Hauling boats wasn’t wrong, but it didn’t work as well as in
high-wind storms. Floating docks with sufficiently high pilings were the only
place where large numbers of boats survived Sandyunscathed, but in more than a few cases luck played asignificant role.
A higher percentage of boats survived on fixed docks thanin high-wind storms, but where they didn’t they were oftenwrecked completely.
Moorings offer a viable alternative for keeping boatssafe in high-surge storms, but only if ALL moorings inthe basin are properly constructed, maintained, andprepared for the actual conditions.
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What we’ve learned Why was this storm so devastating?
Securing boats: What worked… and what didn’t?
What has Sandy taught us?
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Surge matters NOAA and NWS are working on new surge
forecasting to accompany Saffir-Simpson Scale whenhurricanes are forecast
Tools for assessing YOUR location’s surge risk canprovide guidelines for rebuilding
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Associated Press
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Staten Island
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Four take aways1. Surge matters.
2. Preparations matter… but we have to prepare for thereal risks.
3. Hurricane planning needs to become more marinaand storm specific.
4. Lessons from Florida marinas and new ideas comingout of Sandy could have reduced the damage in thisstorm.
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Many commercial operators moved theirassets to safe harbor and tended their
equipment during the storm and had novessel losses.
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Poor securing and planning caused most ofSandy commercial vessel losses.
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Buoyancy at 64 #’s per cubic foot of displacement isa force that should not be secured against. Verticallift must be allowed for. Most mooring point failuresduring Sandy were due to inadequate allowance forvertical rise while at same time restraining horizontalmotion.
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By far- the most costly commercial marineclaims were onshore storage type losses
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The Industry was very reactive andimpressively responded to Sandy’s
challenges.
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Post Sandy - Major Marina Fire - 5 months later.
Infrastructure has many untested systems orimproperly repaired systems post Sandy
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Risk Engineering needs to be improved. To use Sandy asa benchmark is a mistake. It was a unique event thatwould have truly been Catastrophic with elevated winds.A majority of the facilities are being repaired with noadditional improvements to mitigate a similar event.There is no simple one fits all solution.