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Activity HOW LONG? [min]

Test. 15

Revision. Alphabet. Spelling. 10

Numbers revision (listening). 15Nouns (articles + plurals) 20

BREAK 5

Listening (family members). 15

Vocabulary food. 30

Excercises. Building sentences. 10

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Where a singular noun ends in a sibilant sound /s/, /z/, / /, / /, /t / or /d / the plural is formed by adding / z/. The spelling adds -es, or -s if the singular already ends in -e:kiss kisses / k s z/ phase phases / fe z z/ dish dishes / d z/

massage massages /m s z/ or / ms z/ witch witches / w t z/

judge judges / d d z/

When the singular form ends in a voiceless consonant (other than a sibilant) /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/ or// the plural is formed by adding /s/. The spelling adds -s:lap laps /lps/cat cats /kts/clock clocks /kl ks/cuff cuffs /k fs/death deaths /d s/

For all other words (i.e. words ending in vowels or voiced non-sibilants) the regular plural adds

/z/, represented orthographically by -s:boy boys /b z/girl girls / rlz/chair chairs /t rz/

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Plurals of nouns in -o

With nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant, the plural in many cases is spelled byadding -es (pronounced /z/):hero heroes (or heros)

potato potatoesvolcano volcanoes or volcanos

However many nouns of foreign origin, including almost all Italian loanwords, add only -s:hetero heterosphoto photoszero zerospiano pianoskimono kimonos

Plurals of nouns in -y

Nouns ending in a y preceded by a consonant usually drop the y and add -ies (pronounced/iz/):cherry cherrieslady ladies

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Definite article

The only definite article in English is the word the, denoting person(s) or thing(s) already

mentioned, under discussion, implied, or otherwise presumed familiar to the listener orreader. The is the most commonly used word in the English language.

"The" can be used with both singular and plural nouns, with nouns of any gender, andwith nouns that start with any letter. This is different from many other languages, whichhave different articles in those situations.

Distinction between a and an

The form an is used before words starting with a vowel sound, regardless of whether theword begins with a vowel letter. This avoids the glottal stop (momentary silent pause) thatwould otherwise be required between a and a following vowel sound. Where the next

word begins with a consonant sound, a is used. Examples: a box; an apple; an SSO(pronounced "es-es-oh"); a HEPA filter (HEPA is pronounced as a word rather than asletters); an hour (the h is silent); a one-armed bandit (pronounced "won..."); an heir(pronounced "air"); a unicorn (pronounced "yoo-"); an herb in American English (wherethe h is silent), but a herb in British English.

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