Lesson1 BasicModeling1 Precast

TEKLA STRUCTURES BASIC TRAINING 1

Basic Modeling 1

Basic Modeling 1 Precast

Tekla Structures 17.0 Basic Precast Training

Jan 10, 2012

Kai Häkkinen, WSP Finland Oy


Basic Modeling 1

Contents

Contents .............................................................................................. 3

1 Basic Modeling 1 ........................................................................ 5

1.1 Start Tekla Structures .......................................................................... 6

1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1 .................................................... 8

1.3 Create Grids ...................................................................................... 11

1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines .................................................. 13

1.5 Create Foundations ........................................................................... 17

1.6 Create Concrete Columns ................................................................. 22

1.7 Create Beams .................................................................................... 27

1.8 Create Slabs ...................................................................................... 43

1.9 Create Blockwall ................................................................................ 52


Basic Modeling 1


Basic Modeling 1

1 Basic Modeling 1

We will go through the basic functions of Tekla Structures: How to create a new structural

3D model, and how to create grids (i.e. module lines), grid views and structural members in

the model. As a result of this lesson the model will look as shown below.

In this lesson


Basic Modeling 1

1.1 Start Tekla Structures

To start Tekla Structures, click the Windows Start button. Navigate through Programs >

Tekla Structures > Tekla Structures 17.0. This will start Tekla Structures using English

language and bring up login dialog. Please select correct Environment e.g. Finland then

choose Role and license.

The modeling user interface is now opened. At first, most of the menu options and all the

icons are gray indicating that they are inactive. When you open an existing model or create a

new model, the icons and available menu options become active.

Start Tekla Structures


Basic Modeling 1

NOTE: If you disable the Learn Tekla Structures dialog and tick the "Do not

show this is startup"- box, you can enable the dialog again. Next time you start

Tekla Structures hold the Shift key down while starting. The dialog will

appear again.


Basic Modeling 1

1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1

To start a new model, you first need to create an empty model database with a unique name.

In this lesson we use the name BasicModel1.

You can either start a new model from the "Learn Tekla Structures" –dialog box or as

follows:

1. Select File > New… from the pull-down menu or click the New model icon in the

Standard toolbar to open the New model dialog box.

2. At the center of the dialog box, Tekla Structures suggests the name "New Model" for the

model. The full path of the model folder is shown in the first field.

3. Replace the name "New Model" with a new name e.g. Training_Model_1 or with any

other unique name.

4. Click the OK button (or press Enter) to create the new model.

The menus and icons become activated and the model name appears in the title bar of the

Tekla Structures window.

Every model must have a unique name. Tekla Structures does not allow

duplicate model names. Do not use special marks ( / \ ; : | ) in model names.

You can only have one model open at a time. If you already have a model

open, Tekla Structures prompts you to save that model.

Tekla Structures automatically created a grid and a view according to the saved standard

view properties. The default 3D view and grid are shown in the next picture.

Start a new model


Basic Modeling 1

Cyan dash-and-dot lines show the projections of the grids which are visible on the view

plane. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green, dashed lines. For more

information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics.

To save the model:

5. Select File > Save from the pull-down menu or click the Save icon in the Standard

toolbar.

Remember to save your model every now and then, and always when opening

another model or exiting Tekla Structures.

Tekla Structures includes also an auto save feature that backs up and saves your work

automatically at set intervals. These are set in the Autosave properties dialog box obtained

from the Setup > Autosave… pull-down menu.

For more information on saving and auto saving, see:

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics > Saving a model and exiting Tekla

Structures

Save the model


Basic Modeling 1

Most commands of Tekla Structures are found both in menus (main or pop-up) and in

toolbars (icons). In this training manual we will mainly use the pop-up menu to activate

commands.

There are several ways to execute commands in Tekla Structures:

• Icons

• Commands in main pull-down menu

• Commands in pop-up menu

By default all the commands are found in a pull-down menu, and most of them

in the icons. A pop-up menu appears when you click the right mouse button

(right-click). If you have an object selected, the commands on the pop-up menu

relate to that object.

In addition to the conventional tooltips in the Tekla Structures previous versions, in TS 13

there are enhanced tooltips. The enhanced tooltips give more information about the task, and

give examples, hints and tips in Tekla Structures. There is also a More… button in the

enhanced tooltip, which leads to the corresponding item in the help.

Enhanced tooltips can be turned off from Help > Enhanced tooltips. Also the

conventional tooltips can be disabled. Open Tools > Customize and remove

the checkmark from tooltip box.

For more information on Tekla Structures screen layout and toolbars, see:

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Screen layout

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Toolbars

Enhanced tooltips


Basic Modeling 1

1.3 Create Grids

To create the appropriate grid for BasicModel1 as shown above, you can delete the existing

grid and create a new one from the Points > Grid… pull-down menu. Alternatively you can

modify the existing grid.

To modify the existing grid:

1. Double-click on a gridline.

2. Complete the appearing Grid dialog box as shown below by filling in the X, Y and Z

coordinates and the labels for the gridlines.

3. Click Modify to apply the new grid values. Answer Yes to confirm.

Modify the existing grid


Basic Modeling 1

4. Enter the grid file name, GRID1, and click the Save as button to save the grid values for

later use. The settings are saved in the file GRID1.grd, which is stored in the attributes

subfolder of your model folder.

For more information on grids and dialog box buttons, see:

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Inputting information > Common buttons

The number of decimals used in the Grid dialog box (as well as in other

modeling dialog boxes) can be controlled from the Units and decimals...

dialog box obtained from the Setup pull-down menu.

When the grid was modified, the work area of the view, shown with the green dashed line,

was not updated.

To fit the work area according to the modified grid:

1. Click the view to activate it. When the view is activated it has an red outline.

2. Right-click and select Fit Work Area to Entire Model from the pop-up menu.

The view should now look as shown in the next picture:

Fit work area


Basic Modeling 1

1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines

We will now create Elevation and Plan views along the gridlines created in the previous

section.

A view is a representation of a model from a specific location. Each view is displayed in its

own window inside the Tekla Structures window. Each view has a view plane on which the

grids are visible and points are represented as yellow crosses. Points outside the view plane

appear as red dots.

For more information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views.

To create views along gridlines,

1. Select one gridline.

2. Right-click and select Create view > Along Grid Lines… from the pop-up menu to open

the Creation of views along grid lines dialog box.

3. Change the View properties as shown above and click the Show… button of the XY

view plane to open the View properties dialog box.

4. Change the View depth values as shown below and click OK to close the dialog box.

5. Select the number of views as All and click Create in the Creation of views along grid

lines dialog box.

Create grid views


Basic Modeling 1

Every view has depth, which is the thickness of the displayed slice of the

model. You can define the depth separately upwards and downwards from the

view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are

visible in the model. However, objects created after the view are visible also

outside the view depth.

The Views dialog box appears presenting all the created views. All invisible named views

are listed on the left, and all visible views on the right.

For more information on view properties, see:

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > View properties

To display or hide views:

1. Click the Open named view list icon to open the Views dialog box (which is now

already open).

2. Select the view(s) you want to display or hide.

3. Use the arrows to move view(s) from left to right (visible) or vice versa (invisible).

Display or hide views


Basic Modeling 1

Do not keep too many views open at the same time. Nine (9) is the maximum

number of open views. You can open or close named views by clicking the

Open named view list icon. Delete unnecessary views from the view list.

To switch between views, press Ctrl+Tab.

You can rotate the model in a 3D view with rendered view type.

1. Press the key v.

2. In the view, pick a center of rotation.

3. Hold down the Ctrl key, and click and drag with the middle mouse button.

With the shortcut Ctrl+P you can change the view angle between 3D and Plane, which is

very useful.

1. Open a view (e.g. Grid 7)

2. Click Ctrl+P to change from Plane view to 3D view.

Rotate the model

Change between 3D / Plane


Basic Modeling 1

3. Change back to Plane view with Ctrl+P.


Basic Modeling 1

1.5 Create Foundations

We will now create foundations for the BasicModel1.

Column footing

To create footings for columns:

1. Double-click on the Create pad footing icon. This will open Pad footing properties

dialog box.

2. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below and click Apply.

3. In the 3d view, pick the grid intersection A-1 to create the footing.

4. Create the rest of the 1800*1800 footings at other intersections of gridline A by picking

each position.

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position on work plane

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position depth

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile

1800*1800 footing


Basic Modeling 1

You can undo (and redo) previous commands one by one since the last save by

clicking the icons or typing Ctrl + Z (Undo) and Ctrl + Y (Redo).

While still in the command, let's create the bigger footings too, using the Copy command.

5. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box for a 2700*2700 footing as shown

below and Apply this.

The footings on gridline B need offsetting from the gridline because there will be

additional columns modeled afterwards. Adjust the Vertical Position value in the Pad

footing properties dialog box.

6. Create a footing at the grid intersection B-1.

7. Right-click and select Interrupt to end the command (or press Esc).

8. Next, let's copy the footing. Select the footing.

9. Right-click and select Copy.

10. Pick the grid intersection B-1 as the origin of the copy.

11. Pick the grid intersection B-2 as the destination. The second footing is created.

12. Continue picking the other grid intersections on gridline B one by one to create the rest

of the footings.

13. Interrupt to end the command.

The commands will stay active until you interrupt them.

To end commands, right-click and select Interrupt from the pop-up menu, or

press the Esc key.

To restart the last command used, press Enter.

Foundations for silos – parametric profiles

We will create two identical circular foundations for the silos. At first, one foundation will be

created at the coordinate 4500,4500,0 and then the other foundation will be created as a copy

of the first one.

Tekla Structures contains standard (library), parametric, and user-defined profiles. For the

foundation, we will use parametric profiles.

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Appendix A: Parametric Profiles

2700*2700 footing


Basic Modeling 1

1. Double-click on the Create pad footing icon.

2. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below.

3. Remember to remove the vertical offset used previously from position page. Click

Apply.

You can select the profile for a part from the Select profile dialog box that

opens next to the Profile field in the part properties dialog box.

You can as well enter a profile name in the Profile field in the part properties

dialog box.

4. Type $4500,4500 to define the position for the footing (typing the numbers

automatically displays the Enter a numeric location dialog box).

5. Press Enter (or click OK) and the foundation is created.

Create footing


Basic Modeling 1

Instead of entering the numeric location, you could also create the round

footing in grid intersection A-1 and move it 4500 mm in x- and y- directions.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping


Basic Modeling 1

1. Click the footing once to select it.

2. Right-click and select Copy special > Linear from the pop-up menu..

3. Complete the dialog box as shown below and click Apply.

Another quick way to copy is to use the copy command:

1. Click the footing once to select it.

2. Right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.

3. Pick the origin for copying (e.g. middle position)

4. Type 9000,0,0 to define the position for the footing

Now the footings should look as shown in the next picture. Note that objects color may be

different, depending on the class of the object.

Copy the footing


Basic Modeling 1

1.6 Create Concrete Columns

We will first create two of the columns and then use the Copy command to create the other

columns.

Create the first two columns.

1. Double-click on the Create concrete column icon.

2. Complete the Concrete column properties dialog box as shown below.

You can always either type the profile in the Profile field or click on the …

button next to the Profile field and browse for the correct profile in the profile

catalog.

3. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and then click Apply.

Create concrete columns


Basic Modeling 1

4. Pick the intersection of gridlines A-1 to create one column, and then pick grid B-1 to

create the second column.

1. Select the columns that you just created by dragging a window from left to right across

them.

2. Right-click and select Copy special> Linear… from the pop-up menu. Complete the

dialog box as shown below and click Copy.

Copy columns


Basic Modeling 1

Now all the columns appear in the model.

When you want to model identical structures, you can alternatively create one

footing (and its reinforcement), the concrete column on top of it and the base

plate connection between the footing and the column, and copy this structural

entity to all other positions of similar structures.

You can select multiple parts in the model by holding down the Ctrl key when

selecting objects in the model.

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Selecting model objects > How to select objects

Silos

We will now model the steel silos by using solid parametric profiles. A more precise

alternative would be to create the silo as a circular hollow section with a contour plate

welded on top of it.

1. To create the silos, double-click on the Create column icon.

2. Complete the Column properties dialog box as shown below, and then click Apply.

Create silos


Basic Modeling 1

3. Pick the top point of the first silo footing and then the other.

Now the silos appear in the model.


Basic Modeling 1

The visibility of objects in views depends on the work area, view depth, view

setup, and view filter. You can also temporarily hide parts in a view by using

the Hide tool (on the pop-up menu).

In the pictures hereafter all the model objects created may not always be

visible.

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > Displaying and hiding objects

in views


Basic Modeling 1

1.7 Create Beams

Level 3850 beams

We will first create the beams at the +3850 level and then copy them (using the select filter)

to the two upper levels. Again, you can create the beams either in steel or in concrete.

1. Open the PLAN +3850 view.

Create concrete beams

2. Double-click on the Create concrete beam icon.

3. Complete the Concrete beam properties dialog box as shown.

Create concrete beams


Basic Modeling 1

4. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and Apply.

5. In the PLAN +3850 view pick the intersection of gridlines A-4 and then B-4.

6. Continue at gridlines 5, 6, and 7.


Basic Modeling 1

When inputting horizontal members always pick from left to right or from

bottom to top for consistency purposes.

Copy beams to upper levels

1. Choose the select filter option beams from the drop down list. Note! Selection filter

may have to be defined before starting this task.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Filter > Select filter

2. By dragging the mouse from right to left, select an area in the model as shown below.

1. Open the Grid 7 view, right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu

2. Pick the gridline intersection B-3850 and then B-7350.

Filter beams

Copy beams


Basic Modeling 1

3. Answer Do not expand to avoid expanding the view depth.

Do not expand the view although the objects are placed outside the view depth.

Expanding the view will change the previously defined settings and usually we

do not want to change the current settings.

4. Copy beams to level +13400 by repeating steps 1-2.

5. Change the select filter option back to standard to enable also the selection of other

objects than beams.


Basic Modeling 1


Basic Modeling 1

Level 13400 beams

Next we will create beams at the view +13400 level.

By using the same beam properties that we applied earlier, create the missing beams at the

gridline intersections shown in the figure below.

Next we will create beams in locations where no gridlines intersect. The snapping tools help

you pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or

layout additional lines or points.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping

Create grid beams

Create the rest of the beams


Basic Modeling 1

1. Double-click on one of the existing beams in the model and click Apply.

2. Start the concrete beam command.

3. Make sure only the Snap to reference lines / points icon of the two main snap switches

on the right is pressed down.

4. Make sure the Snap to mid points and Snap to end points icons are pressed down.

5. Pick a midpoint of the beam between A-2 and A-3 and then the midpoint of the beam

between B-2 and B-3.

We will pick the start position of beam B by using the gridline intersection A-1 as a

temporary reference point and tracking along gridline 1 in the direction of intersection B-1

for 9000 mm.

We will then pick the second position of beam B using the temporary snap switch

Perpendicular.

1. Start the concrete beam command.

2. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 as the origin to show the

“From” location coordinates.

3. Then use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction (e.g. to gridline

intersection B-1).

Create beam A

Create beam B

Pick the first position of beam B


Basic Modeling 1

4. Type 9000 for the numeric location. (The Enter a numeric location dialog box will

open automatically.)

5. Click OK or press Enter and the cursor snaps to the correct position ( = 9000 mm from

A-1 in the direction of B-1).

6. Right-click and select Perpendicular.

7. Pick the second position on beam A (see below).

.

While still in the beam command:

8. Right-click and select Intersection for snap override.

Pick second position of beam B

Create beam C


Basic Modeling 1

9. Pick the intersection of beam B and gridline 2 and then the intersection of gridlines B-2.

We will first create one of the beams that frame around the silo and then by using the Copy >

Rotate command create the other three.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy

>Rotate…

1. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 to show the “From” location

coordinates, use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction. (E.g. grid

intersection B-1).

2. Type 4000 for the numeric location and press Enter, the cursor snaps to the correct

position.

Create beam D


Basic Modeling 1

3. Type the letter o on the keyboard to snap to positions in orthogonal directions on the

work plane (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees).

4. Let the cursor snap to the midpoint as shown below and pick.

5. Type the letter o to turn the ortho off.

1. Select the beam that you just created.

2. Right-click and select Copy special > Rotate… from the pop-up menu.

Copy rotate the beam


Basic Modeling 1

3. Pick the center point of the silo as the point to define the rotation (select a view in which

the silos are visible and pick near the circumference to snap to the center point). The

origin X0 and Y0 values will appear in the dialog box.

4. Complete the other fields in the dialog.

5. Click Copy.

We will now copy the beams to the other silo.

1. Select the beams shown highlighted in the picture below (press the Ctrl key to add parts

to the selection).

2. Copy special > Linear… them 9000 mm in the x direction.

Copy linear the beam to the other silo


Basic Modeling 1

Bracing

Working in the Grid A elevation view, we will input the vertical steel bracing members using

the Create beam tool.

1. Double-click on the Create beam icon.

2. Click Select… and select the right profile from the profile catalog, click OK.

Create braces a and b


Basic Modeling 1

3. Complete the Beam properties dialog box as shown below and Apply.


Basic Modeling 1

4. In the 3d view create brace a by first picking the gridline intersection A-2 and then the

midpoint of column A-3.

5. Create brace b by picking the top position of column A-2 and then the midpoint of

column A-3.


Basic Modeling 1

We can see from the drawing above that the lower end of the brace needs some offsetting

from the grid level. Now we will use handles to move the part end.

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location

1. Select brace a to display the handles.

2. Zoom closer and select the yellow handle (Tekla Structures then highlights the handle).

3. Right-click and select Move special > Linear… to move the handle 200 mm upwards.

4. Click Move.

5. Repeat the procedure to move brace b’s top handle 1000 mm downwards.

Use handle to move brace end


Basic Modeling 1

1. Select braces a and b.

2. Right-click and select Copy special > Mirror…

3. In the 3d view, pick grid A-3 then grid B-3 to define the mirror line.

4. Click Copy.

Copy special > Mirror …creates a mirrored copy of selected object(s) through

a plane you specify. The mirror line must always be defined in the workplane.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy

>Mirror…

Now we have modeled steel and concrete members in Model1. The model should look like

in the picture below.

Copy mirror braces a and b


Basic Modeling 1

1.8 Create Slabs

Concrete hollow-core slabs

We will now create concrete hollow-core slabs. Instead of positioning the slabs to the

gridline intersection we will model the slabs to the face of the steel columns.

In the PLAN +13400 view:

1. Double-click on the Create concrete beam icon.

2. Click the … button next to the Profile field. Select the right profile from the profile

catalog (in this case P18(175x1200)).

Create hollow-core slabs


Basic Modeling 1

3. Complete the Concrete beam properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

4. Pick the intersection of the column outer border and gridline 4 and then the intersection

of the column outer border and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to geometry

lines/points is active).


Basic Modeling 1

5. Interrupt the command

1. Select the slab that you just created.

2. Right-click and select Copy special > Linear… from the pop-up menu.

3. Type 1200 in the dY field of the Copy – Linear dialog box and 10 as the number of

copies.

1. Drag an area select, selecting all the concrete slabs.

2. Right-click and select Copy > Linear… from the pop-up menu.

3. Type 6000 in the dX field of the Copy - Linear dialog box.

4. Click Copy.

Copy the slabs in y direction

Copy the slabs in x direction


Basic Modeling 1

Copy hollow-core slabs to levels 7350 and 3850

1. Hold down the Ctrl key and select all the hollow-core slabs by dragging 3 areas through

the slabs.

2. Still holding down the Ctrl key, pick the two slabs shown in the picture below to

unselect them.

3. Change view to Grid 7.

4. Right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.

5. Pick the origin point of the copy on level +13400.

6. Pick the destination point on level +7350.

Copy the slabs


Basic Modeling 1

7. When the Objects outside the view depth window appears, do not expand the depth –

click Cancel.

8. Pick the second destination point on level +3850.

9. Again, do not expand the view depth – click Cancel.

10. Interrupt the command.


Basic Modeling 1

Concrete slab

1. Double-click on the Create concrete slab icon.

2. Complete the Concrete slab properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

Start the slab command


Basic Modeling 1

3. In the PLAN +13400 view pick point A (intersection of column outer face and gridline 1,

shown in the drawing).

4. Let the cursor now snap to the outer mid point of the beam near point B and pick.

5. Pick point C.

6. Pick point D.

7. Click the middle mouse button to create the slab.

1. Select the slab that you just created.

2. Copy the slab 9000 mm in x direction.

Pick positions for the slab

Copy concrete slab


Basic Modeling 1

Create in-situ slabs

Before we add reinforcements to concrete members we need to create additional 600 mm

wide in-situ slabs beside the hollow-core slab area on the first and second floors. As it is

impossible to pick the corner ponts of the slab by snapping, we will pick only the first

conrner and then give the other three corners numerically.

Zoom in to the first floor close to grid intersection A-5.

1. Double-click on the Create concrete slab icon.

2. Set the profile height to 175 mm (the same height as the hollow-core slab).

3. Click OK to close the dialog.

4. Start picking the polygon shape at the middle of the hollow-core slab on gridline 5.

5. Write: r then add 0, 600, into the Enter a numeric location dialog and click OK.

6. Write: r then add 6050, 0, to the Enter a numeric location dialog and click OK.


Basic Modeling 1

7. Write: r then add 0, -600, to the Enter a numeric location dialog and click OK.

8. Close the polygon with the middle mouse button.

Now select the slab and copy it to the other floor, i.e. 3500.00 mm in the z-direction using

Copy special > Translate….

Now the Model1 framework is finished.

Links to additional information

Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Single user mode vs multiuser

mode

Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Languages and environments


Basic Modeling 1

1.9 Create Blockwall

We will now create a block wall. First we create the wall with the concrete panel tools and

then we will use surface treatment tools to create the blockwall effect. With the help of

surface treatment, we will be able to create a report that gives us the amount of blocks

needed.

In the PLAN +3850 view:

1. Double-click on the Create concrete panel icon.

2. Select the right material from the profile catalog, in this case TIILI_KH.

3. Complete the Concrete panel properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

Create concrete panel


Basic Modeling 1

4. Pick the right hand corner of the column on grid intersection A-4 and then pick the

opposite column corner on grid intersection A-5.

5. End the command with the middle mouse button.

The wall is now created.


Basic Modeling 1

Next we will create the block wall face. Let's create it in the Grid A view.

1. Double-click the Create surface treatment to part face icon.

2. Complete the Surface treatment properties dialog box as shown.

Create face surface treatment


Basic Modeling 1

3. Click the Pattern tab and complete the pattern properties as shown and Apply.

4. Pick the origin of the surface treatment as shown in the figure.

3. Pick a point to indicate the direction of the surface treatment.

4. Select the part face on which to apply the surface treatment. Move the mouse cursor

over a part. The faces that you can select will be highlighted light blue, when the cursor

moves on top. Select the part face.


Basic Modeling 1

5. The blockwall surface is created.

Lesson1 BasicModeling1 Precast

Documents

Transcript of Lesson1 BasicModeling1 Precast