Lesson 7: Informal Logic II
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Transcript of Lesson 7: Informal Logic II
Lesson SevenInformal Logic II
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Write an effective and logical outline for your argumentative paper.
Today’s Objective
“The aim or purpose of argument is to use logic (both inductive and deductive) to
create reasoned communication of ideas, insights, and experiences to some audience
so as to produce a new understanding of some issue for that audience.”
argument
Analytical Thesis StatementA thesis statement that analyzes the
relationship among various significant ideas contained in the thesis sentence(s)
Thesis Statements
Structure of Analytical Thesis StatementsThis pattern can serve as an aid:
Independent clause(s) + restricting clause(s) [general ideas are stated] [qualifying idea(s) defined]
Thesis Statements
If you have a good analytical thesis statement, creating an outline is relatively easy.
Outlining
There are essentially two major ways to draft an outline from a thesis statement:
1. Isolating key ideas to be developed
2. Using informal logic
Outlining
Outlining
From Thesis Statement to OutlineExample:
“Love is disappearing because individualism is the main survival technique in today’s fiercely competitive society.”
From Thesis Statement to OutlineExample:
We immediately recognize that the driving organizational force behind the thesis statement is
cause & effect.
At the most general level, we are asserting that love is disappearing because individualism is
becoming more prevalent.
Outlining
From Thesis Statement to Outline
Premise 1: ?Premise 2: Individualism is the main survival
technique in today’s fiercely competitive society. Conclusion: Love is disappearing.
Outlining
From Thesis Statement to Outline
Premise 1: Individualism and love are mutually exclusive.
Premise 2: Individualism is the main survival technique in today’s fiercely competitive society.
Conclusion: Love is disappearing.
Outlining
Any questions and/or comments about your homework?
ModelsLet’s look some examples together.
Outlining
Pg. 127 – 129Two types of outlines / Rules / Examples
Formal Conventions of Outlines
1. Parallelism 2. Coordination3. Subordination4. Division
Formal Conventions of Outlines
Parallelism Each heading and subheading should preserve
parallel structure. If the first heading is a noun, the second heading should be a noun.
Formal Conventions of Outlines
CoordinationAll the information contained in Heading 1 should
have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the
subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings).
Formal Conventions of Outlines
SubordinationThe information in the headings should be more
general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific.
Formal Conventions of Outlines
Division Each heading should be divided into 2 or more
parts.
Formal Conventions of Outlines
From Thesis Statement to Outline
We must ask ourselves the following question:“How do I prove each premise?”
Use your invention notes.
Expanding Outlines
From Thesis Statement to Outline
Premise 1: Individualism and love are mutually exclusive.
Premise 2: Individualism is the main survival technique in today’s fiercely competitive society.
Conclusion: Love is disappearing.
Expanding Outlines
Expanding Outlines
I. IntroductionII. Individualism and love: mutually exclusiveIII. Individualism: main survival techniqueIV. Conclusion
From Thesis Statement to Outline
Premise 1: Individualism and love are mutually exclusive.
How do we prove this premise?
Definition / Compare and Contrast
Expanding Outlines
II. Individualism and love: mutually exclusiveA. Individualism
1. Definition2. Characteristics
a. Selfishb.
B. Love1. Definition2. Characteristics
a. Selflessb.
C. Individualism & Love
From Thesis Statement to Outline
Premise 2: Individualism is the main survival technique in today’s fiercely competitive society.
How do we prove this premise?
Cause and Effect
Expanding Outlines
III. Individualism: main survival techniqueA. Causes
1. Overpopulationa. Competitionb.
2. Consumerism3. Economy
B. Effects1. 2.
(Effects should be directly related to II.A)
You will turn in your thesis statement and syllogism
next week.
First Draft & Outline:
Due Week 10
First Draft:Just get your ideas down on paper.
Don’t worry about making it perfect or beautiful.
About 1,000 words.
HomeworkUse your invention notes to expand your
outline.
Begin writing your first draft.
ReadingReview Informal Logic Handouts
Pg. 127 - 129