Lesson 4.2

The three basic states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Lesson 4.2

1. What are the three basic states of matter?

Microscopic view of a solid. Microscopic view of a liquid .Microscopic view of a gas.

Lesson 4.2

2. Is “heat added” or is “heat removed” in each of these changes of state:

Solid to liquid?

Liquid to gas?

Gas to liquid?

Liquid to solid?

Heat is added.

Heat is added.

Heat is removed.

Heat is removed.

Lesson 4.2

Condensation is the process of water vapor cooling off to the point that it turns into liquid water.

3. What is condensation?

Air is made of tiny particles of gases. As they are heated, they move faster and farther apart, thus taking up more space. Cold air is more dense than warm air and therefore has more air particles in it. Cold air sinks while warm air rises, thus, creating wind.

Lesson 4.2

4.) What causes air to move (wind)?

Lesson 4.2

5. What is a sea breeze? What causes it?

A sea breeze refers to a breeze that comes from the sea. It is caused by the colder air over a body of water moving on to the land as the warm air over the land is rising up as it is lighter than the dense colder air.

A land breeze is a breeze that is coming from the land. The colder air over the land moves over to the sea as the lighter, warmer air over the sea rises up as it is lighter than the cooler, dense air.

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6. What is a land breeze? What causes it?

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7. What are cirrus clouds?

Cirrus clouds form high in the sky and are usually made of ice crystals. They tend to be wispy and featherlike with fuzzy edges.

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Cumulus clouds tend to be lower than cirrus clouds. They are puffy clouds that appear to rise up from a flat bottom. They are made of water droplets and have sharp, well-defined edges.

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8. What are cumulus clouds?

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Stratus clouds form at low altitudes and form in blanket-like layers.

9. What are stratus clouds?

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10. What is fog?

Fog is a cloud that forms close to the ground.

11. What is precipitation, and what are its four forms?

Lesson 4.2

Precipitation is water that falls from the air to the ground as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.

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12. Under what conditions does precipitation fall as rain?

Rain falls when clouds become heavy enough that winds cannot keep the water drops up in the air. They will fall as rain when the air is warmer than freezing.

13. Under what conditions does precipitation fall as sleet?

When raindrops fall through a layer of very cold air, they freeze, changing into tiny bits of ice called sleet. Sleet only reaches the ground if there is cold air all the way to the ground.

Lesson 4.2

14. Under what conditions does precipitation fall as hail?

Hail forms when drops of water in a cloud collide with bits of ice, forming a hailstone. Upward moving winds keep the hailstone in the cloud, causing the hailstone to grow larger. Eventually the pull of gravity exceeds the upward wind, causing the hail to fall to Earth.

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15. Under what conditions does precipitation fall as snow?

Snowflakes form when the temperature is so cold that water vapor turns directly into a solid called a crystal. A crystal is a solid that has a repeating pattern in its shape.

Lesson 4.2

Lesson 4.2

16. Describe the water cycle.

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and the air as it changes from liquid to gas to solid to liquid. This cycle includes the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater. Water on Earth is never lost.

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The End