Lesson 4

Anatomy and Physiology

Benign Tumors Lipoma

Benign tumors reach a certain size and then stop growing. Moles, polyps, and lipomas are examples of benign tumors. Some of these can turn into cancers, but lipomas do not.

Benign Tumors Fibroid Uterus

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are common noncancerous (benign) tumors of the uterus. They grow from the muscular wall of the uterus and are made up of muscle

and fibrous tissue. In some women, uterine fibroids may cause heavy bleeding, pelvic discomfort and pain and create pressure on other organs. These symptoms may require treatment, but not always a hysterectomy.

Benign Tumors Colon (Large intestine/rectal) cancer

Colorectal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in either the colon or the rectum. The colon and rectum are parts of the body’s digestive system that remove nutrients from food and store waste until it passes out of the

body. Additionally, the colon and primarily the rectum absorb water from ingested materials. Normally, the cells

in the colon and rectum divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue called a tumor forms. A tumor

can be benign or malignant. Colon Cancer

Bradycardia What is bradycardia? Abnormally slow heart beat. Less than 60 beats Per minute. Most people’s normal heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minute.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRiNNV94rhs

Carcinoma of the canthus

Cantholysis

Where is the appendix located? Appendix is located at the beginning of the colon. Located toward the tail

End of the colon; hence, colocaudad.

Caudal anesthesia

What is a prolapse? “Cystocele”

Cephalocele

Cheiloplasty

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y8m96wF4Fw

Cheilosis

A hernia occurs when part of an organ protrudes through a weak point or tear in

the thin muscular wall that holds the abdominal organs in place.

Hernia repair may be recommended for: large bulges through a small hole (increased risk of

incarceration and strangulation) painful hernia Inguinal hernia repair is indicated when

the bulge through the inguinal canal is large or painful.

While the patient is sleepy (sedated) and pain-free (local anesthesia or spinal anesthesia) or deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), an incision is made over the hernia. The bulging

tissue or organ is replaced inside the muscle wall, the muscle tissue is repaired, and the skin is

closed.

Moving and walking is recommended the day of surgery. Small children require no restriction following routine hernia repair. Older children

should avoid body contact sports for at least 3 weeks. The hernia repair is not at risk, but a blow to the incision could burst the skin closure.

Expect complete recovery from surgery in about 2 to 4 weeks. Avoid heavy lifting or straining for several weeks after surgery. Avoid tub baths for at least 5 days after the operation, because soaking will separate the skin tapes and the wound could break open. Sponge bathing for infants

and showering for older children are permitted the day after surgery. The wound tapes should be carefully patted dry after showering.

Aftercare

AVERAGE SALARY 2008 AVERAGE ANESTHESIOLOGIST SALARY: $309,950

In addition to a salary, 25% of respondents receive a bonus or

other incentive valued at more than

$20,000 each year.

Elephantiasis

Elephantiasis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpNkp3zSLdQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNcFktKgWN4

Myringa

Lobectomy

Stenosis of the lumbar region of the spondyla.

Megalovasy/Angiomegaly

Vasectomy

Malignant Melanoma

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yckpsyEwNak