Lesson 30

Participles

“Verbal Adjectives”

Participle FormationParticiples are “verbal adjectives”

• Adjectives made from verbs.• Take verb stem and put adjectival endings on it.

Present Active Participle (# 233)• Stem + &wn( &ousa( &on)• lu,wn( lu,ousa( lu/on (masc., fem., neut.).

• Decline in third, first, and third declension.• Decline like a;rcwn( glw/ssa( o;noma( respectively.• Rough translation: loosing (implies action simultaneous with main verb).

Present Participle of eivmi, (# 235)• Bare endings of pres. act. part.• Smooth breathing; accent on first syllable.• Rough translation: being.

Participle Formation

Present Middle/Passive Participle (# 237)• Stem + &omenoj( &omenh( &omenon)• luo,menoj( luome,nh( luo,menon (masc., fem., neut.).• Declines like adjective (second, first, and second declension).• Rough translation: loosing oneself/being loosed.

Future Participles (# 236, 238)• Active: Stem + s ! &wn( &ousa( &on)• Middle: Stem + s ! &omenoj( &omenh( &omenon)• Future participles are very rare in NT.• Implies action subsequent to main verb.• Rough translation: going to loose (act.); going to loose (for) oneself (mid.)

Participle UsageKey is presence/absence of article (cf. “adjective position” in # 118-119).

1. Attributive (# 244)• Has article (article immediately precedes participle).• Modifies a noun (noun is explicit) – functions like an

adjective, describing, telling which one.• Translate: “the blanking noun;” “the noun which blanks.”• h` me,nousa evlpi,j = “the abiding hope;” the hope which

abides.”

• o` a;nqrwpoj o` pisteu,wn = “the man who believes.”

2. Substantive (# 245)• Has article (article immediately precedes participle).• Stands in place of understood noun (cf. “substantive adjective”).

• Translate: “the blanking one;” “the one who blanks.”• o` pisteu,wn = “the believing one;” “the one who believes.”

(Uses of participle without the article will be covered later.)

Examples1) o` khru,sswn avpostolo,j

the preaching apostle; the apostle who is preaching2) o` avpostolo.j o` khru,sswn

the preaching apostle; the apostle who is preaching3) o` khru,sswn

the one who preaches4) to. ploi/on to. avgorazo,menon $to.

avgorazo,menon ploi/on%the boat which is being bought

5) ta. blepo,menathe things which are seen

6) evn th|/ evlpi,di th/| menou,sh| $evn th/| menou,sh| evlpi,di%in the hope which abides

Location of a Participle

• Tense, voice, “part.,” case, gender, number > dict. form

• lu,ontej – pres. act. part., nom. masc. pl. > lu,w• blepome,nh – pres. pass. part., nom. fem. sing. >

ble,pw

Homework:

1. Practice declining lu,wn (it is on test).

2. Exercises # 247 A:a. Locate all verbs, participles, and nouns.

b. For every participle, determine its position, usage, and what it modifies.

c. Translate the sentence.