LESSON 3:

WRITING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Module 2: Creating Quality IEPs for Students with ASD

Outline

Criteria for goals and objectives Addressing the core deficits of students with

ASD Goals and objectives for inclusive settings Examples of IEP goals for students with ASD

Criteria for Writing Goals and Objectives

All goals and objectives should be:

Specific

Observable and measurable

Functional

Developmentally appropriate

Indicate criteria for mastery

Specific

Goals that are specific allow the teacher to know exactly what the student should be learning.

Non-example: “Brandon will learn to read.” (Because the skill of reading means a entail a multitude of levels and skills, this goal is not specific enough)

Example: “Brandon will read fluently on the first grade level with no more than 2 errors per selection.”

Observable and Measurable

If the goal is observable and measurable, that means that it is written in a way that any person can observe the student engaging in the desired behavior and each individual would be observing and measuring the exact same thing.

Non-example:“Sharon will stay on-task.” (This is not observable and measurable because “on-task” is not clearly defined. One teacher may document a student as on-task if the student is quiet, while another teacher may document the student as on-task when the student is completing the work assigned.)

Example: “Sharon will complete in-class assignments in their entirety during the allotted time frame 90% of the time.”

Functional

If a goal is functional, that means that is has usefulness to the student.

IEPs should assist students in becoming independent members of society to the maximum extent possible, so goals should be written to promote such independence.

Non-example: “Benjamin will imitate 2-block designs.” (It would be a stretch to say that this skill would be very useful for a student across a variety of settings.)

Example: “Benjamin will imitate the actions of peers playing on the playground while making eye contact and smiling at the peer he is imitating.” (Because imitation is a very important play skill, this is a functional goal for Benjamin who does not currently imitate others very often.)

Developmentally Appropriate

A goal is considered developmentally appropriate if it is a goal the student is ready to learn.

If the present level of performance is written appropriately, then developmentally appropriate goals are obvious.

If a present level of performance only lists what the student cannot do, it is difficult to determine goals that are developmentally appropriate.

Developmentally appropriate goals are developed by examining what the student can already do independently and developing goals for what the student should learn next based on that information.

Indicate Criteria for Mastery

There are a variety of ways goals can indicate criteria for mastery: Using a percentage Using a statement such as for 3 out of 5 opportunities Indicate time duration for expectation Level of independence Very specific behavioral expectation

Addressing the Core Deficits of Autism

All IEPs for students with ASD should have goals in the social/emotional domain and the communication domain in addition to any other appropriate domains based on the individual student

Goals in the social/emotional domain may address skills such as joint attention, social reciprocity, play skills, specific social skills, and positive behaviors

Goals in the communication domain may address functional communication (expressing wants and needs), expressive language skills, receptive language skills, conversational skills, and pragmatics (the social use of language)

Addressing the Core Deficits of Autism

When developing reading goals, the core deficits of autism must be considered.

If a student has significant impairments in expressive and receptive language, using books to build such skills is very important

Many times teachers focus only on fluency and comprehension during reading instruction, but language development is important to address during reading as well

Goals and Objectives for Inclusive Settings

If a student is participating in a general education classroom, the goals and objectives on the IEP should be written so that instruction to meet them can be implemented within on-going classroom activities

Many times the goals and objectives are written in a clinical manner that do not easily allow general education teachers to understand how the goals can be addressed in the general education classroom

Goals and Objectives for Inclusive Settings

Academic goals should not be redundant with grade-level standards. They should be written to ensure the student has access to the general education curriculum For example, if a student is in 3rd grade, a goal for mastering

multiplication facts is not necessary for an IEP because all of the students are expected to learn that. However, if the student has not yet mastered addition and subtraction facts, goals to address that gap are appropriate because learning that material enables the student to move forward in the general education curriculum.

Examples of Goals in the Social/Emotional Domain

Annual Goal: Melissa will allow other peers to join her play or work area and engage in joint play with peers

Objective: Melissa will consistently allow other peers to join her play or work area in a positive manner as demonstrated by looking at the student, smiling at the student, talking to the student, or offering the student something she is using.

Objective: Melissa will engage in a minimum of five minutes of joint play with at least one peer during recess each day.

Examples of Goals in the Communication Domain

Annual Goal: Charlotte will participate in conversations with peers and adults.

Objective: Charlotte will consistently engage in conversations with a peer with a non-preferred topic engaging in at least 3 back and forth verbal exchanges

Objective: Charlotte will consistently engage in a conversation with an adult with a preferred topic engaging in at least six back and forth verbal exchanges

Examples of Goals that Relate to Reading/ Literacy Development

Annual goal: Jordan will use expressive language skills such as describing pictures in books, responding to comments and questions while looking at picture books, and generating stories about personal experiences. Objective: When given a picture book, Jordan will

independently express what is happening in each picture using complete sentences.

Objective: Jordan will tell a story about a recent experience he has at school or at home using at least 3 complete sentences

Objective: While looking at a picture book, Jordan will respond to teacher comments and questions using at least one-word utterances 80% of the time.

Examples of Behavior Goals

Annual Goal: Emily will ask for help independently and walk in line appropriately with her class.

Objective: Emily will ask for help when she gets frustrated by raising her hand, looking at the teacher, and saying “I need help” in a calm voice

Objective: Emily will walk in line with the students in his class using appropriate space between himself and others, keeping his hands to himself, and remaining quiet

Examples of Independent Functioning Goals

Annual Goal: Derek will turn in completed work and transition to and from classes independently

Objective: Derek will independently turn in completed work to the appropriate place in the classroom and place unfinished work in her “working folder” to ensure at least 80% of classroom assignments are turned in on-time

Objective: Derek will independently locate each of his classes and transition from one class to another during the five minute time frame

Module 2 Lesson 3 Activity

For a student with ASD that you are currently working with, write a present level of performance in the communication and social/emotional domains

Write goals and objectives for each of the domains based on the present level of performance (the goals and objectives should consider the criteria discussed in the module)