Lesson 3Lesson 3

Classifying MatterClassifying Matter

Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’)

Matter -

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Which of these things is not considered matter?

Cell Phone Gravity Rainbow

Fire Happiness Light Bulb

Air Sound Empty Pop Bottle

Have any examples of matter?

Is anything NOT matter?

With your lab partner, write down how you could prove to someone that air has mass.

Matter - Anything that has massMass - Measure of the amount of matter in

an object

Matter

Mass

We need a better definition for mass…

Mass - Measure of an object’s inertia.

Inertia - Resistance to change in motion.

Which of the above has more inertia?

Volume - amount of space occupied by an object

Common units of volume:

mL or L (liquids)

cm3 or m3 (solids)

1 cm3 = 1 mL

mass

volume

mass

volumeDensity =

density

grams

mL or cm3

g/mL or g/cm3

UNITS

The density of water is approx. 1 g/mL

The density of an object normally decreases as its temperature increases.

Hot air rises!!

States of Matter

Solid

Particles are packed closely together;

definite shape and volume

Liquid

Particles are close but are free to flow past one another;

shape depends on container

Gas

Particles are far apart and move freely;

shape and volume depend on container;

can be compressed

Physical Change

A change in appearance but NOT in the chemical identity of a substance.

The melting point of gallium metal is 30˚C. The figure shows how the heat from a person’s hand can melt a sample of gallium.

Phase Changes

melt

freeze

evaporate

condense

sublimate

deposit

A vapor is a gas that evaporates from a liquid.

The difference between a vapor & a gas

The difference between evaporation & boiling

Evaporation occurs only at the surface, boiling occurs throughout the liquid.

The white cloud is NOT steam. It is actually hot water vapor condensing to form a mist of water droplets

Element, Compound, or Mixture?

Mixture - physical blend of 2 or more things

Homogeneous – same composition throughout, uniformly mixed; solutions

Heterogeneous – variable composition, nonuniformly mixed; contains more than 1 phase.

Olive oil Vinegar Oil & VinegarHeterogeneous

(2 phases)

Homogeneous Homogeneous

Separating Mixtures

Filtration – separates a solid from a liquid.

Liquid that passes through the filter paper

Distillation – separates a mixture into parts based on the boiling points of each part.

Element – fundamental building block of matter; made of atoms. Each element has a chemical symbol.

1st - Capital letter

2nd - Lowercase

Compound – 2 or more atoms chemically bonded in a fixed proportion. Has a chemical formula.

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances, but elements cannot.

Subscript

Chemical Formula

H2O

2 H atoms and 1 oxygen atom

The properties of compounds are different from the elements that form them.

+

Sodium (Na)Metal so reactive it reacts with water

Chlorine (Cl2)Toxic gas used in WWI for chemical

warfare

Salt (NaCl)Relatively harmless

2 poisonous substances react to form a completely benign compound that is necessary for us to live.

Periodic Table 7 Periods (Rows)

18 Columns (Groups or Families)

Elements in each column have similar chemical properties

Law of Conservation of Mass

In any chemical reaction,

reactant mass = product mass