Lesson 28 Lesson 28

Vocabulary and DerivativesVocabulary and Derivatives

Transitive and Intransitive VerbsTransitive and Intransitive Verbs

Ablative of AgentAblative of Agent

Quick Look - VocabularyQuick Look - Vocabulary

Be aware of the conjunctions! Be aware of the conjunctions! Aut – or, aut...aut – either or, etc.Aut – or, aut...aut – either or, etc.

Think about English derivativesThink about English derivatives What 2 words does the word belligerent come What 2 words does the word belligerent come

from?from? What does appellation mean?What does appellation mean? What about the word ventilate?What about the word ventilate? A few more – auditorium, attraction, amicable, A few more – auditorium, attraction, amicable,

inimical (think in + amicable) - ?inimical (think in + amicable) - ?

Ablative Case -ReviewAblative Case -Review Ablative of meansAblative of means

Used for?Used for? How expressed?How expressed?

Ablative of place (in)Ablative of place (in) Used for?Used for? How expressed?How expressed?

Ablative of place from which (3 prepositions/5 Ablative of place from which (3 prepositions/5 forms – a, ab, ē, ex, de)forms – a, ab, ē, ex, de) Used for?Used for? How expressed?How expressed?

Ablative of accompaniment (what preposition?)Ablative of accompaniment (what preposition?) Chapter 23, page 167Chapter 23, page 167 Used for?Used for? How expressed?How expressed?

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

Recognize when a verb is transitive or Recognize when a verb is transitive or intransitiveintransitive

Understand what the ablative of agent Understand what the ablative of agent looks like and how it is used in a sentencelooks like and how it is used in a sentence

Differentiate between ablative of agent Differentiate between ablative of agent and the other uses of ablative caseand the other uses of ablative case

To recognize the difference between To recognize the difference between transitive and intransitive verbstransitive and intransitive verbs

To enhance our understanding of, and To enhance our understanding of, and ability to use, the passive voiceability to use, the passive voice

Transitive VerbsTransitive Verbs

A verb is considered a transitive verb when A verb is considered a transitive verb when its action is carried across to a person or its action is carried across to a person or thing (the direct object) or produces a thing (the direct object) or produces a result. (trans means across; the action is result. (trans means across; the action is ‘going across’ to an object or result)‘going across’ to an object or result)

ExamplesExamples Canem amat – He loves the dog.Canem amat – He loves the dog. Viam muniverunt – They built a roadViam muniverunt – They built a road

Intransitive VerbsIntransitive Verbs An intransitive verb does not have a direct An intransitive verb does not have a direct

object. It does not carry action over to object. It does not carry action over to something.something.

ExamplesExamples

Julius ambulat. – Julius walks.Julius ambulat. – Julius walks. In casa Claudia mansit – Claudia remained in In casa Claudia mansit – Claudia remained in

the house.the house.

NOTENOTE – generally intransitive verbs just never – generally intransitive verbs just never work used in the passive voice. You should work used in the passive voice. You should easily be able to tell which ones won’t work!easily be able to tell which ones won’t work!

Changing sentence order to passive voiceChanging sentence order to passive voice What happens when an active voice sentence What happens when an active voice sentence

containing a transitive verb is changed around to containing a transitive verb is changed around to become passive voice?become passive voice?

‘‘Anna aquam portat’ becomes:Anna aquam portat’ becomes: Aqua ab AnnAqua ab Annāā port portāātur.tur.

‘‘VirVirōōs vides videō’ō’ becomes: becomes: VirVirīī āā m mēē videntur. videntur.

What does the d.o. in the active voice become in What does the d.o. in the active voice become in the passive voice?the passive voice?

What does the subject of the active sentence What does the subject of the active sentence become in the passive voice? (o. of p.)become in the passive voice? (o. of p.)

The verb ending changes from active to passive The verb ending changes from active to passive and may change person.and may change person.

ExamplesExamples

Anna aquam portat – Anna carries the water.Anna aquam portat – Anna carries the water. Aqua ab AnnAqua ab Annā portātur – The water is carried

by Anna.

Virōs videō - I see the men. Virī ā mē videntur. - The men are seen by

me.

Ablative of AgentAblative of Agent When the subject of the active sentence When the subject of the active sentence

becomes the object of the preposition in the becomes the object of the preposition in the passive sentence, it becomes the ‘ablative of passive sentence, it becomes the ‘ablative of agent’. agent’. The ablative of agent ALWAYS uses the The ablative of agent ALWAYS uses the

preposition a or ab (ablative of means never uses preposition a or ab (ablative of means never uses a preposition)a preposition)

The ablative of agent always refers to a person The ablative of agent always refers to a person (ablative of means refers to a thing)(ablative of means refers to a thing)

NOTE: ab only means ‘by’ when used before NOTE: ab only means ‘by’ when used before nouns referring to a person acting upon the nouns referring to a person acting upon the subject in the passive voice. ‘By’ is shown as a subject in the passive voice. ‘By’ is shown as a definition of a/ab in the glossary.definition of a/ab in the glossary.

Ticket Out the DoorTicket Out the Door

Change these active sentences Change these active sentences into passive sentences and into passive sentences and translate all: translate all: Puellae et pueri cenam parant.Puellae et pueri cenam parant.Anna puerum terret.Anna puerum terret.Magnae undae servos Magnae undae servos

terrebunt.terrebunt.

Ticket answersTicket answers

Cena ā puellīs et puerīs paratur. (Dinner is prepared by the boys and girls)

Puer ab Annā terrētur. (The boy is frightened by Anna).

Servī ā magnīs undīs terrēbuntur (The slaves are frightened by the large waves).