3 May 20233 May 2023

Crude OilCrude Oil

Using your general knowledge to Using your general knowledge to complete these questionscomplete these questions(You have 5 minutes max!)

List three uses of crude oil (E grade)

How is burning oil bad for the atmosphere? (C grade)

What is combustion? (A* grade)

What is crude What is crude oil?oil?

Success criteria

All Must (Grade C) Be able to explain what crude oil is

Some could (A-A*) Explain the uses of the fractions

Most Should (Grade B) Know how to separate a mixture of liquids

By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:By the end of the lesson you should .......be able to:

Where is oil found?Where is oil found?

                                 

Crude oil was made over millions of years from tiny plants and animals, called plankton.

The plankton on the left would form oil in about 150 million years time if the sea bed is not disturbed.

Where does oil come from?Where does oil come from?

Crude oilCrude oilCrude oil is a mixturemixture. It contains hundreds of different compounds. Some are small but most are large. Nearly all of these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only.only.They are called hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen onlyonly.

Key termsKey terms

hydrocarbon – a compound made from carbon and hydrogen only

crude oil – a very important mixture of hydrocarbons

The importance of oil

These hydrocarbons are vital to our way of life.We use them as highly portable fuels for many forms of transport.We also use them as raw materials from which a huge range of useful everyday substances are made.

A few facts:A few facts:The UK uses a football stadium full of oil every day.

The oil the world uses in a year weighs the same as 3 billion cars.

The USA uses the most oil

In the UK, 80% of the price of petrol is tax.

Although we can get useful substances from oil, crude oil itself has no uses.In order to make crude oil into useful substances we first have to separate the mixture into molecules of similar size.This is done in an oil refinery.

Making oil useful

What is crude oil?Crude oil is a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons. The exact composition depends upon where the oil comes from but typically it contains a lot of big molecules.

Fuel gas PetrolNaphtha KerosineDiesel Fuel Oil and bitumen

Small molecules

Medium molecules

Big molecules

                   

              

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Fractional Distillation

Crude oil is split into fractions containing similar sized molecules using fractional fractional distillation.distillation.

The oil is heated until it vaporises.It then passes up a tall tower that is hot at the bottom but cool at the top.As the vapour passes up this tower the molecules cool and condense back to liquid.

cool

hot

Copy the column and arrange the fractions in the right order next to the arrows.

Fraction Boiling Range(oC)

Kerosene 150 - 240

Diesel 220 – 275

Petrol 40 - 175

Bitumen >500

Fuel gas Below 40

Fuel Oil 360

cool

hot

Fuel gas

Petroleum

Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel Oil

Bitumen

Fractional Distillation

refinery gas

gasoline

Fractional Distillation

Uses of fractions from crude oilUses of fractions from crude oilFraction Use

gases Bottled gas for gas cookers,, camping gas , LPGPetrol fuel for cars, electricity generators

Kerosine aircraft fuelDiesel oil Trucks, and some cars (diesel engines)oil lubricationFuel oil Boilers in ships or buildingsBitumen Covering road surfaces , waterproofing

flat roofs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1uu0Uqhd_c