Knowing what a computer isDEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSXAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYANCAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, 9000

Review?• What did we talk about last meeting?

“Learners can confidently identify what happens inside the computer”PRIMARY GOAL FOR THIS LESSON

OBJECTIVES FOR THIS DAY:• At the end of the lesson, it is expected that 90% or more of the students

should:1. Define what is a computer.2. Determine the following:a) Different processes that happens inside the computerb) Digital devicesc) Digital Representation of the computer3. Know the different parts of a computer4. Recognize the Operating Systems in the computer

“What exactly is a computer?”QUESTION #1:

“How does a computer manipulates the information or data?”QUESTION #2:

(GIVE ONE – GET ONE) & (STAND-UP GAME)

Ways:- Accepts the data- Processes the data- Stores the data- Produces output

“What is a data?”QUESTION:

Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, ideas and objects

“How does a computer accepts the data?”QUESTION:

BY INPUTTING THE DATAUsing input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc)

“How does a computer process the data?”QUESTION:

BY MANIPULATING THE DATAPerforming calculations, sorting lists and

numbers, and drawing graphs, etc

“Which device that processes the data?”QUESTION:

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

“How does the computer stores the data?”QUESTION:

Saving it to storage

“How does the computer produces the data?”QUESTION:

By OUTPUTTING it through different devices

“How does a computer manipulates the information or data?”QUESTION #2:

INPUT PROCESS STORAGE

OUTPUT

“What are examples of the Digital Devices?”QUESTION:

GENERATION:OLD GENERATION NEW GENERATION

OLD and NEW GENERATION

MAINFRAME COMPUTER

OLD GENERATION

MINICOMPUTER

OLD GENERATION

MICROCOMPUTER

NEW GENERATIONPERSONAL COMPUTER

•Microprocessor-based computing device designed to meet the computing needs of an individual• Desktop computers• Notebook (or “laptop”) computers

NEW GENERATIONServers

• Main purpose is to serve other computers on a network (LAN, internet) by supplying them with data• Any computer can be a server or a client• Client• any software or digital device that requests

data from server• High performance servers are needed when there is a need for lots of users and rapid response

NEW GENERATIONSupercomputer

• One of the fastest computers at the time of construction• Tackle complex tasks and computer intensive

problems• massive amounts of data• complex mathematical equations

• Examples:• breaking codes• modeling world-wide weather systems• simulation of nuclear explosions

NEW GENERATION

Supercomputer• Titan of Oak Ridge National Laboratory• Memory: 710 TB (598 TB CPU

and 112 TB GPU)• Storage: 10 PB (240 GB/s IO)• For scientific research

NEW GENERATIONVideo Game Consoles

NEW GENERATIONMobile phones

“How do computers store data?”QUESTION:

BINARY VALUES1’s & 0’s

“How do computers represents data?”QUESTION:

Digital & Analog

•Digital data• two discrete digits such as 0s or 1s, on or off, true or false, yes or no

•Analog data• scale of values•Example: standard light switch and dimmer switch

•Digital data• Is represented using BITS A Bit – binary digit (1 or 0)Uses sequences of Bits

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Computer Organization• Six Logical Units• Input unit• Output unit• Memory unit• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)• Central processing unit (CPU)• Secondary storage unit

“What are the basic parts of the computer?”QUESTION:

Hardware and Software

“What are the tangible parts of the computer?”QUESTION:

Hardware

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Analysis•How important are the parts of the computer?•Relate what you’ve seen in the video to a real life situation.•Cite some examples

(Stand Up Game)

Hardwaremonitor

system unit

mouse

keyboard

speakers

Hardwaremonitor

system unit

mouse

keyboard

speakers

Case that holds the circuit boards, microprocessor, memory, power supply and storage devices

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Analysis•What is your observation from the video before?•Relate what you’ve seen in the video to a real life situation.•Cite some examples

(Stand Up Game)

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Hardware• Sound system• output of digital music, recorded speech and sound effects

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Hardware• Printer• produces output on paper

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Hardware• Network and internet access• most computers contain built-in circuitry for wired or wireless

connections to computer networks

“What are the intangible parts of the computer?”QUESTION:

Softwares

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Software• Program that a computer uses in order to function• Kept on some hardware device like a hard disk, but it itself is intangible• Programs act like instructions for the processor• Application Programs• programs that people use to get their work done • perform specific task

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Software•Compilers• Translates computer programs to machine

language• Machine language• Language that your computer understands

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Software• Systems Programs• Programs that are needed to keep all the

hardware and software systems running together smoothly• Examples are operating systems• Linux Ubuntu• Windows 7• Unix• Mac OS X

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Programming Languages• A standardized communication technique for expressing

instructions to a computer• Each language has its own syntax and grammar• These instructions are translated into machine language

that can be understood by computers• Example:• C, C++, Java, PHP, Visual Basic 2010, Python

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Software Licenses• Proprietary• purchased• source code is not available• cannot make copies for others

• Freeware• free but source code is not available

• Open source• free and source code is available

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Analysis•What is your observation from the video before?•How deeply involved is applications to our lives?•Cite some examples

(Stand Up Game)

“Is it good for us to be involved with applications?”QUESTION: (PHILOSOPHICAL CHAIRS)

AGREE – SIT ON THE LEFT SIDEDISAGREE – SIT ON THE RIGHT SIDE

“What is the program that lets you communicate with the computer ?”QUESTION:

Operating Systems

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ANALYSIS:• What are your reactions based on the video?• How different is the Operating Systems for the

Computer and for the mobile devices?• Cite examples

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Operating Systems• Most important software that runs on a computer• Manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of

its software and hardware• Allows you to communicate with the computer without

knowing how to speak the computer's “language”• Without an OS, the computer is useless

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Operating Systems - Personal Computers• Microsoft Windows - 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8• Mac OS X – Snow Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion• Linux distributions - Red-Hat, Ubuntu, Knoppix, SuSE,

Fedora, Debian• Various BSD's - FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD • Others like UNIX, Google Chrome OS, Chromium OS,

OpenSolaris, MS-DOS

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Evolution of Windows OS• 1982–1985: Windows 1.0• 1987–1992: Windows 2.0–2.11—More windows, more

speed • 1990–1994: Windows 3.0–Windows NT—Getting the

graphics • 1995–2001: Windows 95—the PC comes of age• 1998–2000: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me

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Evolution of Windows OS• 2001–2005: Windows XP—Stable, usable, and fast • 2006–2008: Windows Vista—Smart on security • 2009: Windows 7• 2012: Windows 8• Present: Windows 10

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Windows 2.0

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Windows NT (1990-1994)

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Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me (1998-2000)

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Windows XP (2001-2005)

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Windows Vista (2006-2008)

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Windows 7 (2009)

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Windows 8 (2012)

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Windows 10 (Present)

“Try to remember the very first computer you have: ”HOW FAST IS THE COMPUTERS NOWADAYS?Share your answer through telling us what type of computers have you experienced using until to the present?Share your observations

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices•webOS• developed for PDAs and

smartphones of Palm• later acquired by HP, then LG

Electronics

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices•Symbian• used by Nokia and Ericson smartphones• became open source in 2010

•Home screen of Nokia Belle

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices•Windows Phone• replaced Windows Mobile OS in 2010• features a series of “tiles” that

represent apps, contacts, media• latest stable release is version

8.0.10211.204 (Portico)

• HTC 8X• Nokia Lumia 820

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices•BlackBerry OS• proprietary OS produced by RIM• key feature is ability to work with corporate email systems

produced by Microsoft and IBM

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices•Android OS• open source OS developed by

Google• designed for smartphones and

tablets• based on Linux kernel• runs on Samsung, Sony, HTC, LG,

Motorola phones• Latest release is version 4.2.x

(Jelly Bean)

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Operating Systems – Mobile Devices• iOS• developed by Apple, Inc.• designed for iPads, iPhones and

devices by Apple• first handheld OS to offer

routines that manage gesture inputs

• iOS6 on iPhone 5

“Nokia CEO cries: we didn’t do anything wrong, but somehow, we lost?”QUESTION: GIVE YOUR REACTIONS ABOUT THIS STATEMENT

WHAT LESSONS CAN YOU LEARNED FROM THIS?