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Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism
Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism
Today’s Essential Question: What caused
the growth of both nationalism and
sectionalism during the Madison and Monroe
administrations?
Today’s Essential Question: What caused
the growth of both nationalism and
sectionalism during the Madison and Monroe
administrations?
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Vocabulary
• transportation – whatever moves people or goods from place to place
• nationalism – strong feelings of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country
• sectionalism – placement of the interests of one’ region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole
• administration – period of time during a president’s term of office
• compromise – settlement in which each side gives up part of what it wants to gain the rest of what it wants
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Check for Understanding
• What is today’s Essential Question?• What form of transportation did you
use most recently? • Whose administration are we in right
now?• Which is more common today:
nationalism or sectionalism?• How can two friends compromise when
ordering a pizza to share?
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What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know
Men like Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve Miller had developed steam ships that opened much of the
nation’s interior to trade.
Men like Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve Miller had developed steam ships that opened much of the
nation’s interior to trade.
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What We Already Know
The Louisiana Purchase opened up land west of the Mississippi River to settlement, and
Americans quickly began settling there.
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What We Already Know
As the plantation system spread westward into new areas, so too did
slavery.
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What We Already Know
America’s ability to stand up to the British during the War of 1812 caused a huge wave of national pride to
sweep across the country, even though the war itself
had ended in a draw.
America’s ability to stand up to the British during the War of 1812 caused a huge wave of national pride to
sweep across the country, even though the war itself
had ended in a draw.
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After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States.
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After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States.
• Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country.
• Henry Clay, from Kentucky, was the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a strong nationalist.
• Clay’s goal was to make the country stronger and more unified.
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Clay’s plan to strengthen the country and unify its regions was based on making
the country more self-reliant.
“Every nation should anxiously endeavor to establish its absolute
independence, and consequently be able to
feed and clothe and defend itself. If it rely upon a foreign supply
that may be cut off . . . it cannot be Independent.”
-- Henry Clay
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A ask B: Who was Henry Clay?
Check for Understanding
Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House of Representatives and a
strong nationalist leader from Kentucky.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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B ask A: What is nationalism?
Check for Understanding
Nationalism is the feeling of pride,
loyalty, and protectiveness toward
one’s country.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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Nationalism Unites the Country
The goal of the plan, known as the American System, was to
make the country economically self-sufficient.
In 1815, President Madison presented a
plan developed by Henry Clay to
Congress.
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Nationalism Unites the Country
Clay’s plan included three main actions:
• a system of protective tariffs• a national bank • a series of improvements to
the country’s transportation systems (roads and canals)
These are often referred to as internal improvements.
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A ask B: What was the American
system?
The American System was Henry Clay’s plan to make the United States
economically self-sufficient.
Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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The protective tariff made European
goods more expensive and
encouraged Americans to buy
cheaper American-made products.
Nationalism Unites the CountryNationalism Unites the Country
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A national bank would make trade easier by promoting a single currency.
A national bank would make trade easier by promoting a single currency.
In 1816, Congress passed a protective tariff and set up the second Bank of the United States.
Nationalism Unites the CountryNationalism Unites the Country
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Improving the country’s
transportation systems would contribute to a
strong economy, because poor roads made transportation
slow and costly.
Nationalism Unites the CountryNationalism Unites the Country
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B ask A: What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System?B ask A: What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System?
The three parts of Henry Clay’s
American System were protective
tariffs, a national bank, and internal
improvements.
Be sure to re-state the question in your
response!
Be sure to re-state the question in your
response!
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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17. How would each part of Henry Clay’s American System help the economy?
17. How would each part of Henry Clay’s American System help the economy?
A. A system of tariffs protected American manufacturers from foreign competition.
B. New roads and canals helped businesses grow.
C. Jobs were created for former slaves.
D. The new national bank helped standardize the currency.
Choose the one that is NOT true!
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Roads and Canals Link Cities• Between 1806 and 1841, Congress had funded
the construction of the National Road linking Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.
• Water transportation also improved between 1825 and 1850, which is often called the Age of Canals.
• Between 1806 and 1841, Congress had funded the construction of the National Road linking Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.
• Water transportation also improved between 1825 and 1850, which is often called the Age of Canals.
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Check for Understanding
A ask B: Why are the years from 1825 to 1850 often referred to as the Age of Canals?
The period was called the Age of Canals because so many canals were built during
those years.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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• The Erie Canal created a water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York.
• Completed in 1825, the canal opened the upper Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to settlement and trade.
Roads and Canals Link CitiesRoads and Canals Link Cities• The first canal major canal project completed
was the massive Erie Canal.• The first canal major canal project completed
was the massive Erie Canal.
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The canal allowed farm products from the Great Lakes region to flow east and people
and factory goods from the East to flow west.
The canal allowed farm products from the Great Lakes region to flow east and people
and factory goods from the East to flow west.
The Erie Canal stimulated nationalism.
The Erie Canal stimulated nationalism.
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Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become
the nation’s largest city.
Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become
the nation’s largest city.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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18. What was the first major canal project in
the United States?
18. What was the first major canal project in
the United States?
A. Baltimore and Ohio Canal
B. Panama CanalC. Main Road CanalD. Erie Canal
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18. How did the Erie Canal help the nation grow?
18. How did the Erie Canal help the nation grow?
A. It ended the West's dependence on the Mississippi River for trade.
B. It opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions to settlement and trade.
C. It made it easier for pioneers to travel to the Oregon Country.
D. It allowed more cotton to be shipped from the South to New England textile mills.
A. It ended the West's dependence on the Mississippi River for trade.
B. It opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions to settlement and trade.
C. It made it easier for pioneers to travel to the Oregon Country.
D. It allowed more cotton to be shipped from the South to New England textile mills.
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A New Way to TravelA New Way to Travel
• Around the 1830s, the nation began to use steam-powered trains for transportation.
• Around the 1830s, the nation began to use steam-powered trains for transportation.
• In 1830, only about 30 miles of track existed in the United States.
• By 1850, the number had climbed to 9,000 miles.• Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the
use of canals.
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By 1830, the nation was using steam-powered trains for transportation.
B ask A: In addition to canals, what other new form of transportation
was in use by 1830?
B ask A: In addition to canals, what other new form of transportation
was in use by 1830?
Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
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Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the use of canals.
Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
A ask B: How did improvements in rail travel affect canals?
A ask B: How did improvements in rail travel affect canals?
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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The Era of Good Feelings
• As nationalist feelings spread, the people’s loyalty shifted away from state governments toward the federal government.
• Democratic-Republican James Monroe won the presidency in 1816 by a large majority.
• As nationalist feelings spread, the people’s loyalty shifted away from state governments toward the federal government.
• Democratic-Republican James Monroe won the presidency in 1816 by a large majority.
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The Era of Good Feelings
• The Federalist Party provided little opposition to Monroe, and it soon disappeared.
• This period without major political differences was called the Era of Good Feelings.
• The Federalist Party provided little opposition to Monroe, and it soon disappeared.
• This period without major political differences was called the Era of Good Feelings.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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19. Why was the period after the War of 1812 known as the Era of Good Feelings?
19. Why was the period after the War of 1812 known as the Era of Good Feelings?
A. The Federalists party had almost died out.
B. The country was no longer troubled by political differences.
C. The slavery question had finally been settled once and for all.
D. The United States had scored a clear victory over Great Britain.
Choose all that are true!
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Settling National Boundaries• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions
between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain
limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions between the United States and Britain.
• The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
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Settling National Boundaries• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions
between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain
limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions between the United States and Britain.
• The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
• The Convention of 1818 set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
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A ask B: How did the Rush-Bagot Agreement ease tensions between the
United States and Great Britain?
A ask B: How did the Rush-Bagot Agreement ease tensions between the
United States and Great Britain?
• The Rush-Bagot Agreement eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by limiting each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.
Check for Understanding
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B ask A: How did the Convention of 1818 ease
tensions between the United States and Great
Britain?
B ask A: How did the Convention of 1818 ease
tensions between the United States and Great
Britain?
• The Convention of 1818 eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by setting the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
Check for Understanding
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Settling National Boundaries• Spain and the United
States disagreed on the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West Florida.
• Pirates and runaway slaves used Spanish-held East Florida as a refuge.
• The Seminoles of East Florida raided white settlements in Georgia.
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When Spain protested, Monroe suggested Spain could either
police the Floridas or turn them over to the
United States.
In 1817, President Monroe ordered General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids, but Jackson also went on to claim the Floridas for the United
States.
In 1817, President Monroe ordered General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids, but Jackson also went on to claim the Floridas for the United
States.
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In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain handed Florida to the United States and gave up claims to
the Oregon Country.
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B ask A: What caused tensions to grow between
the United States and Spain?
B ask A: What caused tensions to grow between
the United States and Spain?
Tensions grew between the United
States and Spain because they
disagreed on the boundaries of the
Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West
Florida.
Tensions grew between the United
States and Spain because they
disagreed on the boundaries of the
Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West
Florida.
Check for Understanding
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At the same time nationalism was unifying the country, sectionalism was threatening
to drive it apart.
At the same time nationalism was unifying the country, sectionalism was threatening
to drive it apart.
Sectional Tensions IncreaseSectional Tensions Increase
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Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: What is sectionalism?
Sectionalism is the placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead
of those of the nation as a whole.
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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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20. What is the difference between sectionalism and nationalism?
A. Sectionalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country.
B. Sectionalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country.
C. Nationalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country.
D. Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country.
Choose TWO that are true!
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The United States in 1820
• The Southern was relying more on cotton and slavery.
• In the Northeast, wealth was based on manufacturing and trade.
• In the West, settlers wanted cheap land and good transportation.
The interests of these sections were often in conflict.
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Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.
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Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.
• This balance made it impossible for any national law banning slavery to pass in the Senate.
• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.
• This balance made it impossible for any national law banning slavery to pass in the Senate.
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Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
Territorial expansion threatened national unity.
Southerners still worried that free states could form a majority in Congress and
ban slavery altogether.
Southerners still worried that free states could form a majority in Congress and
ban slavery altogether.
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Sectional Tensions Increase• Sectionalism became a major issue when Missouri
applied for statehood in 1817.
• Adding Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance of power in Congress.
• Northerners opposed its admission as a slave state while Southerners supported it.
• Adding Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance of power in Congress.
• Northerners opposed its admission as a slave state while Southerners supported it.
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21. How did territorial expansion lead to an increase in sectional tension?
A. Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state.
B. Maine wanted to enter the Union as a free state.
C. A line dividing territories into slave and free was established.
D. The Rush-Bagot Agreement made Florida part of the United States.
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22. Why did Missouri’s application for statehood become a major issue?
22. Why did Missouri’s application for statehood become a major issue?
A. Spain still claimed to own Missouri.
B. It would upset the balance of power between the free states and the slave states.
C. Strict constructionists claimed the Constitution did not allow states west of the Mississippi.
D. Its proposed state constitution contained a secession clause.
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The Missouri Compromise
• Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, came up with a compromise that he hoped would reduce the sectional tensions.
• Clay suggested that Missouri be admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
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The Missouri CompromiseClay’s plan, known as the Missouri Compromise, would keep the balance of power in the Senate
between the slave states and free states.
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It also called for slavery to be banned from the Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36° 30',
Missouri’s southern border.
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A. It divided Missouri into free counties and slave counties.
B. It limited the number of slaves that could be imported legally from Africa.
C. It kept the balance of slave and free states in the Senate by creating Maine as a free state.
D. It allowed Missouri to come in as a slave state, but banning slavery in the next state to enter the Union.
23. How did the Missouri Compromise resolve a conflict between the North and South ?
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The Monroe Doctrine
The United States was
concerned by events in Latin
America.
The United States was
concerned by events in Latin
America.
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The Monroe Doctrine
Several European monarchies planned to help Spain and Portugal regain the colonies which had
successfully fought for their independence.
Several European monarchies planned to help Spain and Portugal regain the colonies which had
successfully fought for their independence.
U.S. leaders feared that if this happened, their own government would be in danger.
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A ask B: What was happening in Latin America during the Monroe
administration?
A ask B: What was happening in Latin America during the Monroe
administration?
Check for Understanding
European monarchies were planning to help Spain and Portugal regain their colonies that had successfully fought for their independence.
European monarchies were planning to help Spain and Portugal regain their colonies that had successfully fought for their independence.
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The Monroe Doctrine• In December 1823, President Monroe issued a statement
that became known as the Monroe Doctrine.
• He warned that efforts to reestablish colonies would be seen as a threat to American peace and safety.
• He promised that the U.S. would stay out of European affairs.
• The Monroe Doctrine showed that the United States saw itself as a world power and protector of Latin America.
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Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
B ask A: What was the Monroe Doctrine?
B ask A: What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the
Western Hemisphere.
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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B ask A: What promise did
Monroe make to European nations?
President Monroe promised that the
United States would stay out of
European affairs.
Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
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24. What was the main message of the Monroe Doctrine?
24. What was the main message of the Monroe Doctrine?
A. The United States would no longer honor the Treaty of Ghent.
B. The United States should annex Canada.
C. Latin America was closed to further colonization by Europe.
D. The United States should annex Latin America.
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24. To whom was the Monroe Doctrine directed?
24. To whom was the Monroe Doctrine directed?
A. Territories of the United States
B. Latin American nations
C. European nations
D. Canada and Mexico
A. Territories of the United States
B. Latin American nations
C. European nations
D. Canada and Mexico