Lesson 10 The Trial That Rocked the World. I. Aims and Contents of Teaching: 1. the comprehension...

LessonLesson 1010

The Trial

That Rocked

the World

I. Aims and Contents of I. Aims and Contents of Teaching:Teaching:

1. the comprehension of the text and the mastery of the important language points

2. the paraphrase of certain complicated or difficult sentences

I. Aims and contents of Teaching:I. Aims and contents of Teaching:

3. the enlargement of the students' vocabulary

4. the familiarization with the styles of composition and devices of figuration

II. Procedures of Teaching:II. Procedures of Teaching:

1. Background knowledge

2. Detailed study of the text

3. Structural analysis

4. Language features

5. Supplementary exercise

III. Background Knowledge:III. Background Knowledge:

1. Religions God: the Deity, the Divinity, Holy

One, Jehovah, the Lord, Providence, the Almighty, the Creator and etc.

There is only one God in heaven. But the belief in God has developed three religious sections:

Christianity, Judaism and Islam.


Christianity:

Roman Catholic

Protestant

Orthodox Eastern Church Trinity: the Holy Father, the Holy

Son and the Holy Spirit/Ghost, with Jesus Christ as its incarnation.


Bible: Name of the Christian Scriptures,

the Old Testament and the New Testament.


Bible Old Testament: Christian name for

the Hebrew Bible, the first portion of the Christian Bible

Genesis: first book of the Old Testament which tells the origin of the world and of man


Bible New Testament: the distinctive

Christian portion of the Bible

Gospel: Greek word for good news. the first four books of the New Testament.


Bible fundamentalism: conservative

religious movement. Its aim is to maintain word for word interpretations of the Bible. Nowadays this word can apply to other religions.


2. American governing system a. Legislature: parliament---

Congress and Senate b. Executive: the president and

his administration c. Judicial: the Federal Supreme

Court


3. Civil Law: 4. Criminal Law

5. Jury 6. Counselor / Counsellor

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study:

1. buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper

2. sweltering: very hot, causing unpleasantness, torrid, sultry


3. counsel: a group of one or more lawyers (barristers) acting for someone in a court of law

4. prosecution: the act of bringing a criminal charge against sb. in a court of law


5. silver-tongued: (lit.) able to give fine persuading speeches, eloquent

6. orator: a good public speaker, a person who delivers an oration (formal and solemn public speeches)


7. nominee: a person who has been named officially for election to a position, office, honour, etc. a Nobel Prize nominee / a

presidential nominee


8. bring about: cause Scientists have brought about

great changes in our lives.


9. involve: to cause sb. to become connected or concerned Don't involve other people in

your mistakes. We are all involved, whether we

like it or not.


10. testify: to make a solemn statement, esp. under oath in a court of law, of what is true The witnesses testify / give evidence

in the law court. One witness testified that he had

seen the prisoner ran out of the bank after it had been robbed.


11. on hand: available, present, cf: within reach: the distance one

can reach at hand: near in time or place


Always have your dictionary on hand / within reach / at hand when you study.

Please be on hand at 12 sharp. I have a great deal of important

work on hand.


All his old friends will be on hand / present to see Jack receive the medal of honour.

I want you to be at hand / near during my interview with the boss of the company.

The post office is close at hand.


12. reassure: comfort and make free from fear, stop worrying often by saying sth. kind or friendly The doctor reassured the sick man about

his health. She won't believe it in spite of all our

reassurance.


cf: assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; promise The captain assured the passe

ngers that there was no danger.


13. erupt: (of a volcano) to explode and pour out fire Here, emerge, happen quickly,

come down upon unexpectedly and violently;

I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair.


14. adhere to: to favour strongly, stick firmly to; The wallpaper won't adhere to

the ceiling. They adhere to the contract.


He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting.

adhere to the four cardinal / fundamental principles


15. prohibit: to forbid, to ban to prohibit the manufacture and

sale of intoxicating liquors / pornographic literature or video tapes / prostitution / visiting prostitutes / smoking in public places, etc.

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: cf:

FORBID is more direct and familiar, while PROHIBIT is more formal or official; they do not widely differ in their essential implications.

to forbid a child to leave the house


16. violate: to disregard or act against sth. solemnly promised The actress violated the terms of her

contract. This is considered as a violation of the

Constitution. If you violate someone's privacy or

peace, you disturb it.


17. legality: the condition of being lawful; lawfulness The legality of this action will be

decided by the court.


18. indict: to indict sb. for a crime means to charge them with it officially Five men were caught at the scene

and indicted.


cf: accuse, charge, prosecute, blame One accuses sb. of cheating. One charges sb. with cheating. One prosecutes sb. for theft. One blames sb. for the failure.


least of all: to an insignificant degree Nobody need worry, you least of all/

least of all you. Least of all would I lie to you. Nobody seemed amused, least of all

Jenny.


19. anticipate: to expect what will happen We are not anticipating that there

will be much trouble. We anticipate that the enemy would

try to cross the river and so seize the bridge.


take on: begin to have (a particular quality, appearance, etc), assume sth. He has taken on some irritating man

nerism. The chameleon can take on the colou

rs of its background. Her eyes took on a hurt expression.


20. festoon: If you festoon sth. with decorations, lights or other things, you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it. The garden was festooned with

coloured lights.


21. sprout: to grow or come out, appear and spread rapidly n. new growth of a plant, shoot bean sprouts / bamboo shoots

22. rickety: weak in joints and likely to break rickety old man / stairs / cart


23. evangelist: one who preaches the gospel (good news)

24. exhort: urge earnestly or advise strongly sb. to do sth. to exhort sb. to do good / to work

harder, etc.


25. cheer: support and encourage, shout in praise, approval or support Every time a Chinese runner won a

race the crowd cheered. The crowd cheered their favourite

horse.


26. infidel: (old & derog.) (used esp. in former times by Christians and Muslims of each other) someone who does not follow one's own religion, unbeliever

27. draw up: to form and usu. write to draw up a plan / a contract


28. florid: (of a person's face) having a red skin

29. paunchy: (derog. and humour) (esp. of a man) having a fat stomach, pot belly

30. attorney-general: chief law officer and legal expert of the government of a state


31. shrewd: clever in judgement, esp. of what is to one's own advantage a shrewd lawyer who knows all the

tricks He is a shrewd and sometimes

ruthless adversary.


32. steep: soak, to let sth. stay in a liquid for softening, bringing out a taste etc. Steep the coffee Leave the coffee to steep for 5

minutes


33. agnostic: person who believes that one can only have knowledge of material things and that nothing is or can be known about God or life after death cf: atheist: person who doubts

the existence of God


34. growl /au/: to say sth. in a low rough and rather angry voice. The dog growled at me. He growled out a demand to her

to stop.


35. preliminary: introductory, preparatory

36. spar: to box without hitting hard, argue or dispute (with sb) The children are sparring with

each other.


37. drawl: to speak or say slowly with vowels greatly lengthened drawl out one’s words


38. ignorance: lack of knowledge Poverty, disease and ignorance

remain major world problems. We are in complete ignorance of his

plans. She is very young, and ignorant of

what life really is. They ignored traffic regulations.


39. bigot: one who obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his own opinions and prejudices, esp. religious beliefs. bigotry: the state of having very

strong, unreasonable attitudes and opinions


40. rampant: widespread and impossible to control Theft, robbery, trafficking in narcotics,

rural women and children are rampant in some places.

Rich soil makes some plants too rampant. Mosquitoes are rampant in the

dormitory.


41. fagot: a bundle of sticks of firewood

42. enlighten: cause to understand, free from ignorance or false beliefs, give more knowledge. Can you enlighten me on this subject? the age of Enlightenment in the 18th

century


43. contaminate: to make impure, bad by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter Don't eat the food, it may have been

contaminated by the flies. The river is contaminated with waste

from the factory. Our students are being

contaminated by foreign ideas.


44. snort: to make a rough noise by blowing air down the nose, to express impatience or anger by this sound We ran when the bull began to snort. cf: snore: breathe heavily and noisily th

rough the nose and mouth while asleep


45. evidence: (in law) words which prove a statement, support a belief There wasn't enough evidence to

prove him guilty. Have you any evidence to support

this statement? not a bit / piece / scrap / shred of

evidence


46. brandish: to wave threateningly sth. esp. a weapon about, this word stresses threat. I shall brandish my sword before

them.


47. denounce: to criticise severely and publicly, announce threateningly The newspapers denounced the new

taxes. A mass meeting denounced him as a

traitor.


48. sonorous: having a pleasantly full loud sound the sonorous tones of the priest the sonority of the bass voices The church clock chimed

sonorously.


49. reconcile: make peace between, make friendly again I cannot reconcile the two points of

view. I asked how he would reconcile

apartheid with Christianity. The two girls quarrelled but are now

reconciled.


50. jungle: tropical forest too thick to walk through easily.

51. image: likeliness, form, copy You see your image in the mirror. I can close my eyes and see images of

things and persons. The coin bears an image of the

emperor.


52. divine: of, related to, or being god or a god

53. thrust: to push forcefully and suddenly, to make a sudden forward stroke with a sword, knife, etc. He thrust the fork into the meat.


54. Applause: n. applaud: v. Everyone stood up to applaud. The audience applauded the singer

for 5 minutes. The crowd bursts into applause and

shouts "Hurray!"


55. fervour: passion, zeal, enthusiasm, intense heat speak with great fervour fervent: showing strong and warm

feelings, hot, passionate a fervent love / hatred a fervent lover / admirer


56. arena: an area of land or a large room where sports, entertainment and public events take place. The city built a new sports arena. After World II Japan entered the

arena of international trade.


57. prairie: (in North America) a wild treeless grassy plain.

58. scorch: to burn (part of ) a surface so as to change its colour, taste The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. a scorched-earth policy The hot weather scorched the grass.


59. observe: to make a remark, to say, to comment He observe that the house

seemed to be too small.


60. passion: strong, often uncontrollable feeling The poet expressed his burning passion

for the woman he loved. passionate: filled with passion, eager The two groups had a passionate

debate.


61. sip: to drink in small quantities cf: suck: to draw (as liquid) into the

mouth to suck milk from his mother's

breast sap: to drain the fluid part of a

plant,


62. jug: a large deep, usu. earthenware or glass container with a narrow mouth, a handle and a lip for pouring

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: 63. appeal: to make a strong request for

help, support, mercy; beg He appealed to his attacker for mercy. He appealed to me for help.

v. please, attract, interest Some people say Peking Opera is too

old-fashioned to appeal to people any longer.

The idea appealed to me.


64. intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent

intellect: the ability to understand or deal with ideas and information, the ability to reason rather than to feel or act.


intellectual: adj. concerning the intellect, able

to use the intellect well, showing unusual reasoning powers


intellectual: n. a person who works and lives by

using his mind. It is man's intellect that distinguishes

him from the beasts. Chess is a highly intellectual game. He is an intellectual person / an

intellectual.

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: intelligence:

a. good ability to learn and understand quickly

b. information gathered by the government or the army about their country's enemies and their activities.

intelligence quotient (IQ) Use your intelligence. CIA


intelligent: having or showing powers of reasoning or understanding. Dr. Smith is a man of great

intelligence but Prof. Brown earns the respect of his colleagues for his high intellect.


An Intellectual or Intellectual person is one who has developed his brain and is highly educated. One can be very intelligent / have

great intelligence, without knowing much.

A small child with a clever quick mind is intelligent but he can hardly be an intellectual.


65. duel: unlawful fight between two persons who have quarrelled, usu. with swords or pistols, at a meeting arranged and conducted according to rules, in the presence of two other persons called seconds.


66. roar: to give a deep loud continuing sound. tigers roaring in their cages He just roared (ie laughed loudly)

when he heard that joke! n. long loud deep sound


67. mortal: n. a human being as compared with a god, a spirit, etc. All human beings are mortal.

adj. causing death; fatal a mortal wound, injury, etc The collapse of the business was a

mortal blow to him and his family.


68. agency: Truth does not need any human i

nfluence to support it. Xinhua News Agency the Central Intelligence Agency


69. momentary: transitory, lasting for a very short moment

70. hush: silence, stillness, quiet, calm


71. rule: decide officially The jury ruled that he was innocent

of all charges. The club ruled against accepting new

members. I cannot rule out / exclude the

possibility of trouble.


72. adjourn: to bring a meeting, trial, etc to a stop, esp. for a particular period or until a later time

73. hawker: a person who travels from place to place selling things, usu. with a cart.


74. ponder: to consider, to think about sth. carefully Each chess player will have five

minutes to ponder his next move. Give me a few days to ponder over it.

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: 75. brute: an animal, esp. one that you

feel sorry for The lions I am talking about are the

poor half-starved brutes reserved for tourists.

stupid, animal-like or cruel person, esp. one who has a tendency to behave violently.

He is an unfeeling brute.


76. cower: to bend low and draw back as from fear, pain, shame, cold etc. The dog cowered when its master beat it. crafty expert agents fresh from the

cowing and tying down of a dozen countries

coward: a person unable to face danger because he lacks courage


77. sulphur: AmE. sulfur. 硫磺 sulphurous: scathing, harsh

78. dispatch: a report sent by a journalist who is in a different town or country. I picked up the paper and read a dis

patch from a correspondent in New York.


79. collapse: fall down or in, break to pieces. The roof collapsed under the weight

of the snow. If you work too hard, your health

may collapse. Their marriage collapsed.


80. resume: go on after stopping for a time We'll stop here and resume working

at 2 o'clock. Those standing may resume their

seats.

resume---curriculum vitae


81. squat: to sit on one's heels, or on the ground with the legs drawn up close to the body

82. perch: rest, stand or sit on the edge of sth. that is not intended to be a seat. Dr Smith perched on the corner of his

desk. The sparrow perched upon the

television antenna.


83. gawk: look at sth. in a foolish way

84. spring: to bring forward suddenly, to produce as a surprise He sprang his marriage on his

parents. The film made her spring into fame. He sprang a new proposal.


85. trump card: (in card games such as bridge or poker) each card of a suit that has, for the time being, higher value than the other three suits Hearts (spades, clubs, diamonds) are

trumps. to play one's trump card: to make

used of one's most valuable resource


86. startle: to give a shock or surprise You startled me. I didn't hear

you come in. I was startled to hear his news /

by his news.


87. wile: a trick intended to deceive, skill in outwitting wily: full of wiles, cunning,

crafty The serpent by his wiles

persuaded Eve to eat the apple. the wiles of the Devil


88. campaign: a series of planned activities to gain a special object a political / advertising campaign

89. passage: passing of a bill so that it becomes law. Passage of such a resolution depends

on public support.


90. resolute: fixed in determination or propose, firm You must be resolute and do what

you think best. He was a serious, resolute student.


91. strode: walk with long steps

92. repel: to drive back by force, rebuff to repel an attack This material will repel heat and

moisture.


93. punctuate: to interrupt from time to time a speech punctuated with cheers

94. Amen: may this be true, so be it

95. enquire, inquire: question


96. mop: to wipe up with a mop, to wipe away sweat with a handkerchief

97. bald: hairless, leafless, featherless

98. dome: rounded roof with a circular base, sth. shaped like a dome


99. snigger: (AmE snicker) to laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way cf: giggle, snort


100. twirl: to turn round and round quickly, to cause to spin The secretary twirled the pencil

round in her fingers. She twirled her hair round her

fingers.


101. pursue: to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat The policeman pursued the thief

down the road. She felt their eyes pursuing her. The poet pursued fame all his life.

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: 102. condemn: a. to declare sb. to be

wrong or evil Everyone condemned his foolish

behaviour. Most people condemn nuclear war.

b. to sentence, to state the punishment The judge condemned the criminal to

ten years in jail.

VI. Detailed Study:VI. Detailed Study: cf: Condemn carries very strong

judicial connotations. It implies a final decision or a definitive judgement.

Denounce adds to condemn the implication of public declaration.

When meaning to criticise, the two words are similar in usage.


103. livid: blue-grey, as of marks on the skin after being hit (bruise)

104. slur: an unfair damaging remark Don't slur my brother's reputation. The rumours cast a slur upon my

good name.


105. gravel: hammer 106. quell: to quiet, to put down

The dictator quelled the uprising. The police used fire hoses and tear g

as to quell the rioters. 107. hubbub: a mixture of loud noises

cf: din: distressing hubbub, causing the ear to suffer


108. forlorn: (one who is) left alone and unhappy as forlorn as King Lear at the

end of his days.


109. hail: a. to salute, greet with enthusiastic approval The crowd hailed the victor. The people lined the streets to hail

the returning heroes. b. to summon by calling to hail a taxi / a passing boat


110. on the books : (here) still listed in the law


111. wake: track left by a ship on smooth water

in the wake of: after, following Seagulls followed in the wake of the

ship. The car left clouds of dust in its wake. Many troubles follow in the wake of

war.

IV. Structural Analysis IV. Structural Analysis

Part 1: A buzz ran ... his views the setting of the scene

Part 2: By the time ... for an oil company the trail itself

Part 3: Not long ago...with the passing years the ending


The process of the trial Day 1: Preliminary fight

J. Scopes is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant. Today it is the teachers, and tomorrow it will be the magazines,… After a while, it is the setting of man against man... "That damned infidel."


. The process of the trial Day 2: calling witnesses

Bryan: “The Christian believes that man came from above... The evolutionist believes…”

IV. Structural AnalysisIV. Structural Analysis

Judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.

Climax of the trial: Darrow's trick to trap Bryan.

IV. Structural AnalysisIV. Structural Analysis

. The process of the trial Day 3: verdict: guilty, $100 fine

and costs. Victorious defeat.

V. Rhetorical Devices: V. Rhetorical Devices:

Metaphor: my case would snowball into... our town ...had taken on a circus

atmosphere. The street ...sprouted with ... … had not scorched the infidels... …after the preliminary

sparring over legalities…


Hyperbole: The trial that rocked the world

Transferred epithet Darrow had whisper throwing a

reassuring arm round my shoulder. Antithesis

The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.


Assonance: when bigots lighted faggots to burn...

Repetition: The truth always wins...the

truth...the truth...


Pun: Darwin is right --- inside.

A pun is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.

a. Words or phrases having two or more distinct meanings. Homonyms.

V. Rhetorical Devices:V. Rhetorical Devices: For a church outreach visitation

program, I was paired with a rather reserved woman. We knocked on one house’s front door. Thinking no one was home, we started to walk away. Just then, a man wrapped in a bath towel, dripping wet, appeared at the upstairs window. “We hope you can visit our church sometime,” my partner called up. “We’d like to see more of you.”

V. Rhetorical Devices:V. Rhetorical Devices:

“My daddy’s an account.”“Really?”“Yeah. What does your daddy do?”“He’s a lawyer.”“Honest?”“ No, just the regular kind.”


The major was about to address his men when the general came. The general talked to the soldiers and left. Then the major announced:" The general had just made a general speech. Now listen the major points."


b. words having the same or almost same sound but differing in form and meaning. Homophones. Seven days without water makes

one weak.


Then there was the man in the restaurant. “You're not eating your fish,” the waitress said to him. “Anything wrong with it?”

“Long time no see (sea),” the man replied.


Oxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting terms. Malone called my conviction a

"victorious defeat". bitter sweet memories proud humility orderly chaos a damned saint


Irony marching backwards to the

glorious age of the 16th century Hiroshima---the liveliest city in

the world

LessonLesson 1010

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Lesson 10 The Trial That Rocked the World. I. Aims and Contents of Teaching: 1. the comprehension...

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