Lens Aberrations Fundamentals - NTUAusers.ntua.gr/eglytsis/OptEng/Aberrations_p.pdf · Lens...
Transcript of Lens Aberrations Fundamentals - NTUAusers.ntua.gr/eglytsis/OptEng/Aberrations_p.pdf · Lens...
Lens Aberrations Fundamentals
Optical Engineering Prof. Elias N. Glytsis
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens
06/05/2019
Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
3rd order
3rd order
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Chromatic Monochromatic
• Spherical • Coma • Astigmatism • Field Curvature • Distortion
optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong/20-Aberration%20theory.pdf
Unclear Image
Deformation of Image
Spherical Aberration (3rd order – Seidel)
F. L. Pedrotti et al., “Introduction to Optics”, 3nd Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey,2006
3rd order – Seidel
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
F. L. Pedrotti et al., “Introduction to Optics”, 3nd Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey,2006
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
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Aberrations (3rd order – Seidel)
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Aberration Character Correction
1. Spherical aberration Monochromatic, on- and off- axis, image blur
Bending, high index, aspherics, gradient index, doublet
2. Coma Monochromatic, off-axis only, blur
Bending, spaced doublet with central stop
3. Oblique astigmatism Monochromatic, off-axis blur Spaced doublet with stop
4. Curvature of field Monochromatic, off-axis Spaced doublet
5. Distortion Monochromatic, off-axis Spaced doublet with stop
6. Chromatic aberration Heterochromatic, on- and off-axis, blur
Contact doublet, spaced doublet
Lens Aberrations and Common Corrections
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/aberrcon.html
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• Lens Bending • Power Splitting • Power Combination • Distances • Refractive Index • Dispersion • Gradient Index Materials • Cemented Surfaces • Aspherical Surfaces • Diffractive Surfaces
Lens Aberrations and Corrections Approaches
Example: Splitting and bending. In the examples shown f ′ = 100 mm, the aperture is f/1.4, the refractive index n = 1.5. Note the change in the scale for the transverse aberration diagram in case (e) with four elements. The transverse aberration is shown with respect to the Gaussian image plane. Handbook of Optical Systems, Ed. H. Gross, vol. 3, 2007
Spherical Aberration
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g11/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
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Spherical Aberration Example
https://www.wehelpchicagosee.com/blog/2015/01/28/high-definition-hd-vision-154460
Plano-Convex Lens
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Convex-Plano Lens
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Comparison of the Spherical Aberration of a Plano-Convex Lens and a Convex-Plano Lens
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Convex-Plano Lens
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Convex-Plano Lens
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Convex-Plano Lens
Biconvex Lens
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Spherical Aberration of a Biconvex Lens
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Sphere Lens
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Spherical Aberration of a Dielectric Sphere
h (mm) f (mm)
5 50.4
10 49.4
15 47.6
20 45.0
25 41.6
30 37.3
35 31.8
40 24.8
45 15.8
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Spherical Aberration of a Dielectric Sphere
Spherical Aberration
Shape Factor
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/imggo/meniscus.gif
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σ = -2.5 σ = -2.0 σ = -1.5 σ = -1.0 σ = 0.0 σ = +0.5 σ = +1.0 σ = +1.5 σ = +2.0 σ = +2.5 σ = -0.5
f = 50mm
σ = -2.5 σ = -2.0 σ = -1.5 σ = -1.0 σ = 0.0 σ = +0.5 σ = +1.0 σ = +1.5 σ = +2.0 σ = +2.5 σ = -0.5
f = -50mm
Spherical Aberration – Shape Factor
Spherical Aberration (3rd order)
Jenkins and White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2001
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Spherical Aberration Correction
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Astigmatism
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
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Astigmatism
Horizontal Focus Vertical Focus
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Astigmatism (Examples)
http://acuitylaservision.com/category/all-about-eyes/medical-blog-acuity/page/3/
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Astigmatism Causes Blurring of the Image
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http://eckop.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Fig-1.14-Tangential-and-Sagittal-Foci.png
Coma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
http://www.cheyennezjphotographer.com/photography/lenses-2/
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Coma (Examples)
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
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Field Curvature
http://www.cheyennezjphotographer.com/photography/lenses-2/
http://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/java/aberrations/curvatureoffield/
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Field Curvature
http://www.handprint.com/ASTRO/ae4.html
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Notice that with a closed iris the distortion is greatly reduced, however the light gathering power of the lens is also reduced. Under dim fluorescence conditions the decrease in pixel intensity may be unacceptable.
Field Curvature
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Distortion
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Pincushion Distortion Aberration
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Pincushion Distortion Aberration
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Barrel Distortion Aberration
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Distortion
Pincushion distortion aberration
Barrel distortion aberration
http://www.azurephotonics.com/22.files/image010.jpg
Distortion Aberrations
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Pincushion distortion aberration
Barrel distortion aberration
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Chromatic Aberration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
http://pages.uoregon.edu/jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap05/FG05_05.jpg
Chromatic Aberration Correction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)
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Chromatic Aberration
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Chromatic Aberration
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Chromatic Aberration
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