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Page 1: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

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Page 2: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Postgrado, Física, UNAM, México, Marzo 2019 Luis A. Orozco

www.jqi.umd.edu

Funciones de correlación en óptica; ejemplos clásicos y

cuánticos 3.

Page 3: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

http://www.physics.umd.edu/rgroups/amo/orozco/results/2019/Results19.htm

El material del curso está disponible en:

Page 4: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Notas sobre fluctuaciones, incertidumbre y ruido

Page 5: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Una revisión rápida del método de χ2

•  Al hacer un experimento los datos tienen una media y fluctuaciones alrededor de la media.

•  Las fluctiaciones provienes de un proceso aleatorio (error estadístico) que debe estar distribuido como Gaussiana y posibles errores sistemáticos, que no desaparecen al hacer mas mediciones y pueden contribuir una distribucion no Gaussiana alrededor de la media.

El método de “Maximum Likelihood” y χ2 son una buena guia para recordar los errores.

Page 6: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

J. E. Simsarian, L. A. Orozco, G. D. Sprouse, W. Z. Zhao, “Lifetime measurement of the 7p levels of francium," Phys. Rev. A 57, 2448 (1998).

200 points χ2/(n-m)=0.98±0.1

Page 7: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

χ 2 =yi − f (xi )

σ i

2

i∑

El vector de datos Y y el vector de valores esperados F(x) tienen n entradas. Calcular la diferencia entre el valor medido yi y el valor esperado f(x)I, normalizando con el error de la medición. χ2 es la suma de los cuadrados de las diferencias normalizadas

Page 8: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

•  Para errores solamente aleatorios la suma debe ser igual a los grados de libertad (n-m).

•  La distribucion de las diferencias normalizadas debe ser una Gaussiana

•  Solamente un 67% de las barras de error deben tocar la linea esperada

•  La transformada de Fourier de las diferencias normalizadas no debe contener ninguna frecuencia

•  El estadístico χ2/(n-m), llamado χ2 reducida, tiene una media ~ 1 y desviación standard de (2/(n-m))1/2

Page 9: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

•  Fluctuaciones en una medición deberían ser solamente estadísticas, pero en realidad muchas veces no lo son.

•  La parte mas difícil de evaluar son las contribuciones sistemáticas.

•  A veces se puede ver por problemas en la distribución no Gaussiana de los residuales normalizados.

•  Si mas del 67% de las barras de error tocan la función esperada, el error está sobreestimado, χ2/(n-m) es muy pequeña.

Page 10: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Las fluctuaciones generalmente se caracterizan por una varianza y su correspondiente desviación estandard, pero eso puede no ser suficiente si las fluctuaciones no son Gaussianas. La incertidumbre está relacionada con la varianza tanto estadística como sistemática. Ruido se manifiesta como fluctuaciones con propiedades específicas (por ejemplo varianza) y densidades espectrales bien definidas como ejemplo el ruido de disparo,…

Page 11: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Densidad espectral (de potencia) •  Dónde, en el espectro, está la potencia

•  La potencia está relacionada con la varianza (fluctuaciones al cuadrado)

•  La densidad espectral de potencia es la transformada de Fourier de la función de correlación de la varianza. (Teorema de Wiener, Khinchin, Kolmogorov)

Page 12: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

La transformada de Fourier de f(t)

La transformada de Fourier de |g(ω)|2

Page 13: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Ejemplo de medición de temperatura con nanofibras

Page 14: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Intensidad-Intensidad

2)2(

)(

)()()(

tItItI

τ+

=

¿Podemos utilizar las fluctuaciones en la intensidad para medir la temperatura de unos átomos alrededor de una nanofibra?

Page 15: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Correlaciones de la intensidad τ=0

La varianza se debe a las velocidades

Page 16: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Nanofibras ópticas

Page 17: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

17

Correlaciones con fotones emitidos por átomos fríos en el modo de la nanofibra

Page 18: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

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-4 -2 0 2 4

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

t HmsL

gH2L HtL

Correlaciones clásicas y cuánticas

Clásicas dan el tiempo que el átomo pasa en el modo, su velocidad.

Page 19: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Relación temperatura velocidad

Page 20: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

¿Hay efectos cuánticos en Electrodinámica cuántica de cavidades?

Veamos las fluctuaciones y su varianza

Page 21: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Hanbury-Brown and Twiss Intensidad-Intensidad

2)2(

)(

)()()(

tItItI

τ+

=

Page 22: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

•  El fotón es la mas pequeña fluctuación de la intensidad del campo electromagnético, de su varianza.

•  El fotón es el cuanto de enegía del campo electromagnético. Con un campo de frecuencia ω la energía ħω.

Optica cuántica

Page 23: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

23

Correlaciones de fotones (Glauber):

Si detectamos un fotón al tiempo t la g(2)(τ) da la probabilidad de que detecten un segundo fotón después de un tiempo τ .Mide las fluctuaciones, la varianza, la incertidumbre. Ordenamiento normal y temporal.

g(2)(0)=1 Poissonian g(2)(0)>1 Bunched g(2)(0)<1 Antibunched

g(2)(τ ) =: I (τ ) :

c

: I :

Page 24: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Oscilaciones, Modos Normales

Intercambio de excitación

Ng≈Ω

Page 25: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,
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Page 47: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

7 663 536 starts 1 838 544 stops

Page 48: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Classicamente g(2)(0)> g(2)(τ) y tambien |g(2)(0)-1|> |g(2)(τ)-1|

antibunched

Non-clasico

Page 49: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

La varianza σ2 del número de fotones es menor a la varianza de una distribución poissoniana.

Cálculo con Mecánica Cuántica (time and normal order):

Page 50: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

•  ¿Podemos decir algo sobre el máximo valor de la función de correlación g(2)?.

• No para la intensidad.

•  Pero en ocasiones hay algo cuántico si es muy grande (OPO).

•  Veremos otra función de correlación que si tiene una cota máxima, la correlación campo intensidad.

Page 51: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

¿Qué es una imagen fantasmal (ghost imaging)?

Page 52: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Algunos artículos de revisión: Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405 (2010). doi:10.1364/AOP.2.000405. Miles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40, October 2016. Ghost imaging is also known as Single Pixel Imaging: (desarrollada en Rice University en los 1990’s.) Ver por ejemplo: Marco F. Duarte, Mark A. Davenport, Dharmpal Takhar, Jason N. Laska, Ting Sun, Kevin F. Kelly, and Richard G. Baraniuk “Single-Pixel Imaging via Compressive Sampling” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25, 85 (2008) DOI:10.1109/MSP.2007.914730

Page 53: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

La historia de un expérimento:

Page 54: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Imagen medida

T. B. Pittman, et al. Phys. Rev. A 52, R3429 (1995).

Page 55: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Fotones correlacionados •  Fuente: conversión hacia abajo paramétrica

esponánea (Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion [SPDC]): proceso no lineal donde luz (bonba) a 2ω se convierte en dos haces a ω (s y i) por sus siglas en inglés (signal and idler).

•  La conservación de energía requiere 2ω= ωs+ωi •  La conservación de momentum requiere: k2ω=ks+ki •  La conservación del momento angular requiere: La

polarización de la s y de la i tienen que sumar a la de la bomba.

•  Los fotones pueden estar entrelazados

Page 56: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

¿Qué es el entrelazamiento? Propiedad donde dos ( o más) partículas están altamente correlacionados, tal correlación es independiente de la base donde se mide. El estado (matriz de densidad) no puede ser escrito como un producto externo entre los dos estados originales. Con dos polarizaciones:|H>1, |V>1, |H>2, |V>2 Ψ=α|H>1|H>2+β |V>1 |V>2+γ|H>1 |V>2+δ|V>1 |H>2

Page 57: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Estados de Bell: Φ± = (1/2)1/2(|H>1|H>2 ± |V>1 |V>2) Ψ± = (1/2)1/2(|H>1 |V>2 ± |V>1|H>2)

Si yo conozco la polarización de uno conozco perfectamente la polarización del otro En la base circular |+>,|-> sucede lo mismo

Page 58: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

La fuente de fotones está altamente correlacionada. Pero en cada realización el resultado individual es aleatorio. Si condicionamos el detector de muchos pixeles a detectar uno en el de un pixel podemos reconstruir la imagen.

Page 59: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Detector de un pixel (bucket)

Objeto

Detector multi pixel (barrido) Coincidencia (correlación, trigger)

Lentes (no son necesarias)

T. B. Pittman, et al. Phys Rev. A 52, R3429 (1995).

Page 60: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Una generalización del aparato

Page 61: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405–450 (2010) Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405–450 (2010).

Page 62: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

¿Es necesario tener fotones entrelazados?

Page 63: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405–450 (2010).

Page 64: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Correlacion en el desplazamiento del haz clásico

R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, “Two-photon” coincidence imaging with a classical source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113601 (2002).

Page 65: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, “Two-photon” coincidence imaging with a classical source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113601 (2002).

Page 66: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Generalización como un problema de probabilidades

R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, “Two-photon” coincidence imaging with a classical source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 113601 (2002).

Page 67: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

h es la función de transferencia adecuada es crucial que φ tenga correlaciones

Las probabilidades dada la distribución en la fuente

Page 68: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Las funciones de correlación satisfacen la misma ecuación de onda (incluida la difracción) de la onda electromagnética apropiada.

Page 69: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

•  Las fuentes clásicas tienen (interferencia aleatoria) specke (correlaciones)

Page 70: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Ai-Xin Zhang, Yu-Hang He, Ling-An Wu, Li-Ming Chen, Bing-Bing Wang, “Table-topX-ray Ghost Imaging with Ultra-Low Radiation” Optica, 5, 374 (2018).

Page 71: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,
Page 72: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Ai-Xin Zhang, Yu-Hang He, Ling-An Wu, Li-Ming Chen, Bing-Bing Wang, “Table-topX-ray Ghost Imaging with Ultra-Low Radiation” Optica, 5, 374 (2018).

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Ai-Xin Zhang, Yu-Hang He, Ling-An Wu, Li-Ming Chen, Bing-Bing Wang, “Table-topX-ray Ghost Imaging with Ultra-Low Radiation”, ArXive 1709.01016

Page 74: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Ai-Xin Zhang, Yu-Hang He, Ling-An Wu, Li-Ming Chen, Bing-Bing Wang, “Table-topX-ray Ghost Imaging with Ultra-Low Radiation”, ArXive 1709.01016

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Noten que no hay lente y solo hay una fuente Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405–450 (2010) Baris I. Erkmen and Jeffrey H. Shapiro, “Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 2, 405–450 (2010).

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Handbury Brown y Twiss

Page 78: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Flux collectors at NarrabriR.Hanbury Brown: The Stellar Interferometer at Narrabri ObservatorySky and Telescope 28, No.2, 64, August 1964

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Narrabri intensity interferometerwith its circular railway trackR.Hanbury Brown: BOFFIN. A Personal Story of the Early Daysof Radar, Radio Astronomy and Quantum Optics (1991)

Page 80: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Medición del diámetro angular de Sirio por HBT en Australia.

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Una solución a la pregunta si es clásico o cuántico

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Thermal lightSource

D1

fBeam splitter

G2(u1,u2)

D2

Lens

u1

u2

Objectz1

z2

x

Arreglo de Imágen Fantasma

Page 84: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Thermal lightSource

D1

Beam splitter

G2(u1,u2)

D2

u1

u2

z1

z2

x

Arreglo HBT

Page 85: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Parecen iguales: •  Hay un lente y el detector está en el

focothere is a lens and the detector is at the focal point.

•  Handbury Brown and Twiss is far field, the detector located where the object was.

•  We have to propagate the correlations appropriately.

•  We demand only one bit of information on HBT and many bits of information on GI to have a good image.

Page 86: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

The intensity correlation of thermal light: The result depends only on the first order correlation, the coherence (linewidth) of the source only.

Gaussian Schell model, σi intensity deviation, σg correlation length.

Page 87: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

Propagation of correlations:

Where hi(xi,ui) is the appropriate propagation functions of the correlation from the source to the detectors along path I which depend on the optical elements of the paths. given the setup.

Page 88: Left side TEST Right side - University Of MarylandMiles Padgett, Reuben Aspden, Graham Gibson, Matthew Edgar and Gabe Spalding, “Ghost Imaging,” Optics and Photonics News, p. 40,

h1 is the same for both setups

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h2 is different for both setups

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Misión RHESSI telescopio. ¿Cómo crear una imagen con un detector de un pixel? Rotational Modulation Collimators 1975 Minoru Oda Tomar un conteo con una apertura para conocer la amplitud en una componente de Fourier, Continuar con muchaos filtros diferentes hasta hacer la imagen.

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Preguntas: •  ¿Cuál es el límite de la resolución con este tipo

de imágenes? •  ¿Cómo escala con la correlación espacial de la

fuente? ¿Existen correlaciones mas favorables? •  ¿Se podría utilizar la correlación hθ(τ) (Campo-

Intensidad) para obtener una imagen tanto de la intensidad como de la fase?

•  ¿Qué se puede hacer de análisis espectral con este tipo de imagen? Si, ver Phys. Rev. Applied 9, 021001 (2018).

•  ¿Cómo utilizarla en telescopios?

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¡Usen correlaciones!

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96

Gracias

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