LEE E. FRELICH University of Minnesota

Department of Forest Resources 1530 N. Cleveland Avenue

St.Paul, MN 55108 612-624-3671 (office);

612-991-1359 (cell) E-mail: freli001@umn.edu

CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION University of Wisconsin-Madison Ph.D., Forestry, 1986 Specialty - Forest Ecology; Minor - Applied Statistics; Advisor - Craig Lorimer University of Wisconsin-Madison B.S., Bacteriology, 1980; Botany, 1979 Post-doctoral positions in Forest Soils/Acid Rain with James Bockheim (1987-1988), University

of Wisconsin-Madison and in Paleoecology with Margaret B. Davis (1989-1992), University of Minnesota.

CURRENT POSITIONS Director and Research Associate, The University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, 1992-

to date (originally known as Center for Hardwood Ecology) Senior Member of the Graduate Faculty in three programs: (1) Conservation Biology; (2)

Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; (3) Natural Resource Science and Management AREAS OF EXPERTISE Boreal forest dynamics (Jack pine, spruce, fir, white and red pine) Disturbance ecology, including fire and wind Ecosystem management in forests Temperate forests (oak, maple and hemlock) Invasive species (European earthworm) impacts in forests Ungulate herbivory (deer and moose) in forests Modeling of growth and dynamics of vegetation and landscapes Neighborhood effects and species coexistence in plant communities Old growth forest and natural area evaluation, restoration and management Paleoecology and long-term dynamics of vegetation Urban forestry Global warming impacts in forests CURRENT PROJECTS

Exotic earthworm invasion in Midwestern hardwood forests (with P. Reich, C. Hale, A. Holdsworth, P. Ojanen).

Boreal forest response to large-scale wind, fire and wind-fire combinations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (with P. Reich, R. Rich, T. Serres, E. Anoszko).

Tree growth form and tree height patterns across species ranges in Eastern North America. (With Bob Leverett, Will Blozan, and other Eastern Native Tree Society members).

Long-term dynamics of hemlock and maple forests in Sylvania Wilderness, MI (with M.B. Davis, S. Sugita, R. Montgomery, T. Salk).

Climate change, including multiple feedbacks from disturbance, herbivory, and invasive species in temperate and boreal forests (With P. Reich, N. Fisichelli, D. Chaffin).

Long-term dynamics of vegetation and moose browsing on isle Royale National Park, Michigan (With P. Jordan, S. Sell).

Climate adaptation planning for seven National Parks in The Great Lakes Region (with R. Moen, S. Windels, R. Barnes).

TEACHING AND ADVISING Sixteen graduate students completed and 8 in progress (14 Ph.D. and 10 M.S., including 2 Native American students and 1 African student); 43 other graduate student committee assignments completed and 6 in progress, including students in 7 graduate programs (Natural Resource Science and Management, Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Conservation Biology, Geography, Plant Biology, Landscape Architecture, and History), and students at University of Quebec at Montreal, York University (Toronto), and Estonian University of Life Sceinces, (Tartu, Estonia). Former students include the Director of Conservation Science for The Nature Conservancy Minnesota, Regional Fire Ecologist for the National Park Service, Regional Forester for The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Research Ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service, Policy analyst with the MN Department of Natural Resources, and faculty at The University of Minnesota-Duluth, University of Wisconsin-Superior, SUNY Syracuse, and Penn State. Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising completed, with thesis titles:

Bapikee, Chaïna. Ph.D. Natural Resource Science and Management (NRSM), 2008-2013. Thesis: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) forest community dynamics across an environmental gradient from the prairie-forest border to interior forest biome

Salk, Ted. M.S., NRSM (with R. Montgomery), 2005-2013. Thesis: Poor Recruitment is Changing the Structure and Species Composition of an Old-Growth Hemlock Hardwood Forest

Fisichelli, Nicholas. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich). 2007-2012. Thesis: Tree regeneration dynamics and drivers across the temperate-boreal transition zone.

Dieser, Peter. M.S, NRSM (with A. Ek), 2009-2011. Plan B paper: Analysis of the Cloquet Forestry Center Wildlife Species Habitat Suitability Index from 1959-2000 using Wildlife Habitat indicator for Native Genera and Species (WHINGS) Database Query Model.

Danz, Nick. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich), 2005-2009. Thesis: Spatial vegetation-environment relationships and distributional changes in the presettlement Minnesota prairie-forest boundary.

Peck, Jeri. Ph.D. NRSM (with Alan Ek), 2005-2007. Thesis: Toward the sustainable management of commercially harvestable epiphytic bryophytes.

Holdsworth, Andy, Ph.D. Conservation Biology (with P. Reich), 2000-2006. Thesis: Ecological consequences and conservation implications of non-native invasive earthworms in northern hardwood forests.

Rich, Roy. Ph.D., Forestry (with P. Reich), 1999-2006. Thesis: Large wind disturbance in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: Forest dynamics and development changes associated with the Jult 4th, 1999 blowdown.

Burton, Julia. M.S. Forestry (with Eric Zenner), 2002-2004. Thesis: A comparison of primary old-growth and second-growth northern hardwood forests on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota, USA.

Mehta, Smita. M.S. Conservation Biology (with A. Starfield), 2000- 2003. Thesis: A sensitivity analysis and application of LANDIS on the Nashwauk Uplands.

Hale, Cindy. Ph.D., Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2003. Thesis: European earthworm invasion dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities.

Dovicak, Martin. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P Reich), 1995-2001. Thesis: Spatial patterns of white pine regeneration in relation to seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation and resources.

Weyenberg, Scott. M.S. Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2001. Thesis: A story of white pine regeneration as influenced by seed source strength and disturbance history in northeastern Minnesota.

Benedict, Michael. M.S. Forestry 1998-2001. Thesis: Black ash: its use by Native Americans, site factors affecting seedling abundance and ring growth in northern Minnesota.

Cornett, Meredith. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P.B. Reich and K. Puettmann) 1993-2000. Thesis: Ecological restoration of upland white cedar forests on the Lake Superior Highlands.

Augustine, David. M.S. Wildlife Ecology (with P.Jordan), 1994-1997. Thesis: Grazing patterns and impacts of white-tailed deer in a fragmented forest ecosystem.

Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising in Progress: John Saxhaug, M.S., NRSM, 2014-

Kristi Nigul, Ph.D., Estonian University of Life Sciences (with A. Kangur), 2011- Karl Sames, M.S., NRSM, 2011- David Chaffin, Ph.D., NRSM, 2011 Alexander Roth, Ph.D., NRSM (IGERT invasive species, with P.Reich), 2010- Elias Anoszko, Ph.D., NRSM (with P. Reich), 2010- Paul Ojanen, M.S., NRSM 2007- Terry Serres, Ph.D. NRSM (with P.B. Reich), 2006-

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments Completed:

Lorelle Berkeley, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2007-2014 Carrie Pike, Ph.D., NRSM, exam committee, 2013 Lane Johnson, M.S. Geography, committee 2011-2013

Eric Henderson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2013 Kerrie Sendall, Ph.D., Plant Biology, Committee, 2008-2012 Scott Loss, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2008-2011

Daniel Margoles, M.S., Geography, 2009-2010 Christopher William, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2007-2010

Nicholas Bolton, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2009-2010 Angela Hodgson, Ph.D., Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2009-2010 Grant Elliott, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009 Evan Larson, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009

Tor Janson, M.S., Landscape Architecture, Committee, 2009 Kate Skelton, M.S., Landscape Architecture, committee, 2008-2009

John Wing, Ph.D. History, committee, 2007-2009 Nathan DeJager, Ph.D. Ecology Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2006-2008 Kris Johnson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2009 Andrew Jenks, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2008 Scott Sell, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, Committee 1998-2007 Anne-Marie Hoskinson, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2001-2006 Mark Seamans, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, committee, 2002-2005 Yu Wei, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 2001-2004 Amy Harder, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 2002-2004 S. Koh, Ph.D. Biology, Outside examiner,York University, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada, 2004 Dave Lytle, Ph.D. Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee 1998-2002 Mike Tobin, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, final exam, 2001 Steve Friedman, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 1995-2001 Kali Sawaya, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 1999-2000 Daren Carlson, M.S. Conservation Biology, Committee 1995-2001 Dan Kneeshaw, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Outside examiner, University of

Quebec at Montreal 2000 Robyn Flakne, Paleoecology, Ph.D. Committee, 1993-2000 Michael Counte, Forestry, M.S. Committee 1998-2000 Amelia Lu, Forestry, Ph.D. Committee, 1998-1999 José-Luis Machado, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee 1995-1998 Cynthia Lane, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, Committee, final exam, 1999 Timothy Parshall, Ecology, Ph.D. Committee, final exam, 1998 David W. Peterson, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, 1994-1998 Matt Duvall, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee 1994-1997 Cindy Hale, M.S. Forest Ecology, Committee 1993-1996 Steve Fettig, M.S. Wildlife Ecology, Committee, 1993-1995

Kent Slaughter, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee, 1993-1994 Mark Tjoelker, Ph.D. Tree Physiology, Prelim committee 1993 Mike Walters, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, final exam 1993

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments in Progress David Wilson, Ph.D., NRSM, committee 2014- David Pavlik, M.S., Conservation Biology, committee, 2014- Derek Rosenberger, Ph.D., Entomology, committee, 2013- Andrew Pretorious, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2013- John Berini, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2012- Alexandra Lodge, Ph.D., NRSM, committee, 2012- Undergraduate research Approximately 50 undergraduate students employed over the last 15 years as field and lab assistants on graduate student and other research projects, in addition to University of Minnesota undergraduate research (UROP), and NSF REU and IGERT interns listed below.

Louis Karp, summer and fall intern, Wildlife and Cons Bio, 2013 Sabrina Shrader (NSF IGERT Summer Intern), 2009 Leah Rathbun (UROP), 2003

Rachel Nash (NSF REU), 2003 Erica Johnson (UROP), 1998

Courses and workshops taught

2010-2011, taught the seminar for NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship students, including a semester on Communicating with the media and a semester on Interactions between native species and Genetically Modified Organisms.

2009 to date. Teach Landscape Ecology and Management, a 3-credit course for senior undergraduates and graduate students.

2002 to date. Teach Forest Fire and Disturbance Ecology, a 3-credit course for senior undergraduates and graduate students.

1997-2012. Instructor for Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative, continuing education workshops for forest managers. Some have been taught multiple times.

Managing forest stands in changing landscapes Natural disturbance in Midwestern Forests Bigwoods Conservation and Deer Range of Natural Variability in Great Lakes Forests The Science of Climate Change and Forests A synthesis of fire and oak forests

1997-1999. Taught Fire Ecology and Management, a 2-credit course during spring quarter for Natural Resources Senior undergraduates and graduate students.

Instructor for Interagency Fire Management Course for National Park Service and National Forest Service employees.

1995. Prepare and teach workshop in ecosystem management of forests for Department of Natural Resources employees, National Forest Service employees and private consultants in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. (With M.J. Baughman, J. Kotar, C. Locey).

1989 -1991. Lecturer, University of Minnesota Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. Taught Introduction to Ecology, a four credit course for university juniors and seniors. Course was taught twice a year to about 35 students each session. Ninety-six percent of all students who completed evaluations rated overall quality of instructor good or excellent, and 79% rated the course as one of the top one-fourth among courses taken at the University of Minnesota.

1990. Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Bell Museum of Natural History. Taught a five-week course "Ecology of Midwestern Forests" for museum members and the general public.

VISITING SCIENTISTS HOSTED

Jiri Schlaghamersky, Assistant Professor, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Fulbright Scholar, September 2010-August 2011.

Kalev Jogiste, Professor, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fulbright Scholar, September 2010-May 2011.

SELECTED CONSULTING 2010-2013. Sequoia Pictures and Gillen Group, Inc., Science consultant for Hollywood

2013. U.S. Air Force, Minneapolis, MN. Tree health consultant for the 133rd Wing air

base. 2013. Hart-Howerton, Restoration of Minnehaha Creek Watershed in St.Louis Park, MN. 2013. Minnesota Zoo, management of vegetation. 2013. Hart-

and plant species. 2009. U.S. Army. Evaluation of beech forest at Silver Springs Army Reserve Facility,

Milwaukee, WI. 2009. Barr Engineering. U.S. Steel Keetac project; EIS for biomass energy from logging

residue. 2005-2006. Thunderhawk papermill expansion EIS for Blandin Paper Company. 2004. Minnesota Historical Society. Assist with design of new exhibit for the Grand

Rapids, MN Forest History Center Museum. 2000-2001. Foster-Wheeler Environmental Consulting, Inc., and USDA Forest Service,

Superior National Forest. Environmental Impact Statement for proposed prescribed burning to mitigate the potential impact of large fires in the July 4th blowdown within the BWCAW.

1999. US Forest Service, Superior and Chippewa National Forests, MN. Disturbance and natural variability of ecosystems in northern Minnesota.

1999. Minnesota Forest Council. Report on natural range of variability in disturbance regimes for Northern Superior Uplands.

1998. Boise Cascade Corporation (with Westwood Associates). Documentation of historical natural disturbance regime in northern Minnesota Peatlands Ecological Section.

1995. USDA Forest Service, Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin. Served on committee to set up permanent monitoring system to determine future effects of forest management practices on population dynamics of rare/sensitive species. Developed silvicultural prescription for restoration of old- growth northern hardwood forests.

1992-1994. Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc., Generic Environmental Impact Statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. One of four authors of the GEIS that guides forest management in the state of Minnesota through the year 2040.

1993. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Assist in developing procedures for evaluating quality of old growth northern hardwoods stands.

SELECTED GRANTS Total research support to date approximately $5,500,000 from grants as PI, Co-PI, or major collaborator, and from endowment earnings. Captial campaign endowment money raised to date: $650,000.

Climate change adaptation planning for northern forest ecosystems in Great Lakes National Parks. Ron Moen and Lee Frelich, Co-PIs. U.S. Dept Interior, National Park Service, $466,290, October 2012-September 2015.

Successful Biological Control of Soybean Aphid: The Link to Buckthorn. George Heimpel, project manager, with Lee Frelich, Ian MacRae, Bruce Potter, Joe Kaser and Jean Ciborowski, collaborators; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Rapid Agricultural Response Fund, $99,000, July 2011-June 2013.

Climate change and resilience in boreal forests. Lee E. Frelich, project manager, with collaborators Peter B. Reich and Rebecca Montgomery, Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources, $150,000, July 2011-2013.

A synthesis of fire and oak restoration in the northeastern U.S. David W. Peterson, Lee E. Frelich and Peter B. Reich, Co-PIs, Joint Fire Science Program, $119,000, July 2010-December 2011.

Terrestrial Synthesis for Voyageurs National Park. L.E. Frelich, PI. National Park Service, $39,000 for FY 2009-2010.

Projecting Environmental Trajectories for Energy-Water-Habitat Planning. P.B. Reich, project manager, Clarence Lehman, Lee Frelich, Mark Seeley, Richard McGehee, Donald Wyse, and Jeanine Cavender-Bares, collaborators. Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), $194,000, July 1, 2009-June 30, 2011.

An integrated initiative on climate change in northern forests. P.B. Reich, PI, R. Montgomery, J. Oleksyn, J. Bradford, B. Palik, T. Lee and L. Frelich, collaborators. $200,000, College of Food, Agricuture, and Natural Resource Science, July 2007-June 2009.

Research assessment for the development of principles for the removal of woody biomass from forests and brushland, Lee. E Frelich and Dean Current, Co-PIs. University of Minnesota Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment, $191,572, September 2005-October 2006.

Minnesota Worm Watch, Lee E. Frelich, PI, with Cindy Hale and Ken Gilbertson, Co-PIs. National Science Foundation, $75,000, September 2005-December 2007.

Spatial analysis of northern Minnesota landscapes. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, $51,400. Project period May 2001-May 2003.

European earthworm invasion and dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities. Lee E. Frelich, PI and Peter B. Reich, co-PI. National Science Foundation, $331,000. Project period September 2000-August 2004.

Ecological Health and change in Quetico-Superior Forests. P.B. Reich, PI; Frelich has participated as Co-PI or major collaborator in a number of ongoing projects. Total support approximately $1,100,000 from Wilderness Research Foundation. Duration: Ongoing series of grants with periodic renewals, 1992-2010.

Herbivory and regeneration of white cedar and white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI, and P.B. Reich, co-PI. Total Support: $44,000 from MNDNR Division of Parks and Recreation. Duration: April 1994 through June 1999.

Deer browsing and maintenance of herbaceous plant in diversity in Minnesota forests. P. A. Jordan, PI, and J.Kitts, and L.E. Frelich, co-PIs. Total support: $60,000 from MN Agricultural Experiment Station. Duration: April 1994 through March 1997.

Mechanisms of patch maintenance in old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests. P.B. Reich, PI, and L.E. Frelich, K. Puettmann, and M.B. Walters, co-PIs. National Science Foundation, total support $297,000. Duration: January 1995 through December 1997.

Ecosystem management of Minnesota Forests: a stand-to-landscape approach to sustainability and biodiversity in harvested and unharvested forests. P.Reich, PI, and D.Grigal, L.Frelich, M. Bauer, and L.Queen, co-PIs. National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, $200,000. Project period January 1995-December 1999.

Center for Forest Ecology, endowment fund. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Major benefactors: Bruce B. Dayton and Wallace C. Dayton, University of Minnesota 21st Century Fellowship matching fund. Total money raised to date: $650,000.

Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI; and P.B. Reich and M.B. Davis, co-PIs. University of Minnesota, Office of the Vice President for Research, New Initiatives in Interdisciplinary research Program, $100,000. Project period July 1997- July 2000.

Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Wood-Rill Foundation, $100,000, May 2001-Sept 2007.

Natural regeneration process of white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural resources (from a legislative appropriation), $160,000. Project period August 1997-June 30, 2001.

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES 1989 to date. Reviewer of 256 manuscripts manuscripts for 70 peer-reviewed journals:

American Naturalist, American Midland Naturalist, Annals of Forest Science, Applied Soil Ecology, Baltic Forestry, Biogeosciences, Biological Conservation, Biological Invasions, Biology Letters, Bioscience, Biotropica, BMC Ecology, Botany, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Chemistry and Ecology, Conservation Biology, Conservation Ecology,

Diversity, Ecological Applications, Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Ecology Letters, Ecological Monographs, Ecological Restoration, Ecoscience, Ecosphere, Ecosystems, Environmental Conservation, European Journal of Forest Research, Forest Ecology and Management, Forests, Forestry, Forest Science, Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, Geoderma, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Forestry, Journal of Biogeography, Journal of Ecology, Journal of Forest Research, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, Landscape Ecology, Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Landscape Journal, Landscape and Urban Planning, Natural Areas Journal, Nature Communications, Natural Resources Forum (a United Nations Journal), NeoBiota, New Forests, Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Oecologia, Oikos, Plant Ecology, Plant Ecology and Diversity, Plos One, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), Remote Sensing, Restoration Ecology, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Southeastern Naturalist, South African Journal of Botany, Trees Structure and Function, Vegetatio.

Reviewer of proposals for: National Park Service Global Change Program, USDA Plant and Environment, U.S. National Science Foundation, NSERC (Canada), U.S.Geological Survey, Biodiversa (Europe). Total number of proposals reviewed: 68.

-ctober 30, 2013. Featured in The New York Times editorial Nov. 8, 2013.

2010-2013. Program Committee, Ecological Society of America. The local program host for the 2013 ESA meeting to be held in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

2010 to date. Faculty of 1000 Biology, Contributing reviewer for the Landscape and Spatial Ecology Section.

2010. Union of Concerned Scientists, participant in Climate Change and National Security Forum, Washington DC. Co-author of letter to American Farm Bureau Federation on climate change (published in The New York Times), and letter on tropial deforestation.

2009. Member, MN Department of Natural resources, Moose Advisory Committee 2008, Co-organizer, with Sue Galatowitsch, Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity

Conservation: A Minnesota Response, on June 4-5 2008, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

2006, Co-organizer, with David Foster (Harvard Forest) of ‘Alteration of North American forest communities by invasive invertebrates’ , an Organized Oral Session for the Ecological Society of America Meeting in Memphis, TN, August 7, 2006.

2005-2012, Associate Editor, Ecoscience 2004-2007, Associate Editor, Forest Science Principal organizer, 5th Eastern U.S. Old-Growth Forest Conference. Duluth, MN, June

10-12, 1999. 1998-2000. Chair of Cooper Award Committee, Ecological Society of America. 1996. Participant in Workshop on Large Infrequent Disturbances, at National Center for

Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA.

1992-1996, 1998-2002, 2004-2009. Three five-year terms on Commissioners Advisory Committee for Scientific and Natural Areas, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Reviewer for book manuscripts, Harvard University Press, Cambridge University Press, Minnesota Historical Society, Cornell University Press.

Reviewer/fact checker of articles for National Geographic and The New Yorker.

BOARDS / PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS 2014, Member, Board of Directors, Loring Greenway Association (Minneapolis, MN) 2014, Member, Board of Directors, Citizens for a Loring Park Community (CLPC) 1982 to date, Member, Ecological Society of America 2010 to date, Member, Natural Areas Association 1997-2014, Board of Directors, Friends of Loring Park (Minneapolis, MN) 2003 to date, Vice President, Native Tree Society 2004 to date, Member, Forest Guild 2006 to date, Advisory Council, Friends the Boundary Waters Wilderness 2007-2011, Board of Directors, Great River Greening (MN) 2001-2006. Board of Directors, Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness (MN)

HONORARY

2012. Faculty of 1000. Our paper, Li et al 2011, Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-667,

2011. Volunteer organization of the year, Minneapolis Park and recreation Board, award to Friends of Loring Park.

2007-2011, President, Friends of Loring Park 2009-2010. Chair of the board of directors, Great River Greening. 2008. Izaak Walton League, Breckenridge Chapter, Protection and Preservation of the

Environment Award 2007. Nature Research Highlights. Our paper, Holdsworth et al. 2007, Conserv. Biol.,

featured in Nature, . 2006. University of MN, College of Natural Resources, Outstanding Achievement Award 2006. University of MN, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Science,

Star Academic Professional Award 2006-2008. Chair of MN Department of Natural Resources Commissioner’s Advisory

Committee on Natural Areas and Nongame Wildlife 2006. The Wilderness Society, Sigurd Olson Memorial Lecturer 2005. University of MN, Colleges of Natural Resources and Agricultural Food and

Environmental Science, Dean’s Special Merit Award for Faculty Teaching and Research 2000. Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, Volunteer of the Year 1997. Minnesota DNR, Department of Natural Resources Award

SELECTED MEDIA APPEARANCES

Over 400 appearances where research is cited or Frelich is quoted. Most frequent topics include large scale wind damage to forests, European earthworm invasion, invasive plants, impact of deer on native plants, forest fires, old growth forests, and climate change. Radio

Minnesota Public Radio Mid-Morning call in shows, Daily Circuit, Morning Edition and Evening Edition news (53 times)

Minnesota News Network and Farm News Network, distributed to 80 commercial radio stations (6 times)

National Public Radio, All Things Considered Grand Marais MN Public Radio, WTIP (3 times) Grand Rapids, MN, KAXE (4 times) Outdoor Talk Radio Network (Pennsylvania) CBC Ontario (2 times) CBS Radio Osgood Files WCCO Radio, Minneapolis (4 times)

TV Kare 11 News, Minneapolis NBC affiliate (5 times) KSTP 5 Evening News, Minneapolis ABC affiliate (6 times) Fox 9 News, Twin Cities (5 times) WCCO TV channel 4, Minneapolis CBS affiliate (16 times) Twin Cities Public Television Almanac News Magazine (3 times) WIVB CBS Buffalo, NY

Newspapers and electronic publications ABC News Bloomberg Business Week Boston Globe Capital Times, Madison, WI Climate Progress Climate Wire (2 times) Daily Planet (online newspaper in Minneapolis) The Detroit News Duluth News Tribune (9 times) Farm Progress The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA) The Journal (Downtown Minneapolis, 3 times) La Crosse Tribune Live Science Los Angeles Times Miami Herald Minneapolis Star Tribune (22 times) Minnesota Daily (4 times) MinnPost (an online newspaper, 3 times)

Minnesota Monitor (an online newspaper) New York Times (3 times) Portland Press Herald (Maine) Rochester Post Bulletin (MN, 3 times) Sierra Club North Star Blog, (by Brock Berglund, Aug. 7, 2014) St.Cloud Times (MN, 2 times) St.Paul Pioneer Press (14 times) Timberjay (Ely and Tower, MN, 10 times) Wall Street Journal Weather.com (Weather Channel website) West Central Tribune (Wilmar MN) Winona Post

Magazines Backpacker (5-page feature article, Sept 2007) Canadian Geographic Lake Superior Magazine Minnesota Monthly (Magazine from MN Public Radio) Minnesota Conservation Volunteer (7 times) Minnesota (University of Minnesota Alumni Magazine, 2 times) Momentum (University of Minnesota Institute on Environment) Mother Jones National Geographic Natural History Newsweek New Scientist Oceanography Orion Magazine Parade Magazine Woodland (American Forest Foundation)

Books 2010. Paddle North—Canoeing the Boundary Waters-Quetico Wilderness. Greg

Breining, essays and Layne Kennedy, photography. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Chapter VII, pages 79-93, discuss Frelich experiences with wind and fire in the Boundary Waters.

2007. Noah’s Ark 21st Century. Novel, John MacDonald, Curlew Press, Minneapolis. Endorsement by Frelich on back cover.

2006. A Scientists guide to talking with the media—practical advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Richard Hayes and Daniel Grossman, Rutgers University Press. Frelich experiences with the media are discussed on pages, xi, 3, 14 53, and 56.

2005. Underground—How creatures of mud and dirt shape our world. Yvonne Baskin, Shearwater, Island Press, Washington DC. Chapter IV, pages 58-79

.

2004. The forest for the trees. Jeff Forester. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Quoted on page 172.

2004. The earth moved—on the remarkable achievements of earthworms. Amy Stewart, -109, discusses

earthworm research by Frelich and Hale. Videos and exhibits

Minnesota’s Boreal Forest at Risk: Vanishing Trees and Plants. A collaboration with 10 Botanical artists from Minnesota to portray boreal tree speciesin their natural environment. Will be exhibited in various art galleries throughout the state, accompanied by Frelich lectures during 2011-2014.

Derecho. Science Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Video and accompanying exhibit in the Hall of Earth Sciences, 2001.

Bell Live! Nature in the city. Video for Middle School use throughout the state of MN, produced by the Bell Museum of Natural History, Minneapolis, MN, 2001.

People and forests. Video produced by St.Louis County Land Department, 2000. Minnesota’s white pines: our vanishing heritage. Video produced by the White Pine

Society, Ely Minnesota, 1997. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Over 230 community presentations given to date; approximately 30 presentations annually to civic groups such as Master Gardeners, Kiwanis clubs, Rotary clubs, retirement clubs, librairies, hiking clubs, environmental/green expos, and nature centers.

2010-2014. Minnesota Boreal Art Project. Science consultant for project by botanical artists to portray changes in Minnesota forests caused by a warming climate.

2010. Award for public involvement in art from Minneapolis Arts Commission, for

Center. Award given to Friends of Loring Park, August 2010, and accepted by President Lee Frelich.

1997. Co-designer of the award winning Garden of the Seasons in Downtown Minneapolis, Loring Park (Committee on Urban Environment (CUE) and Minnesota Horticultural Society awards).

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS Over 200 invited professional presentations given to date. International

2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. Impacts of multiple disturbances on species composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Carbon Sequestration of Disturbed and Managed Ecosystems Worksh2013, Lithuania.

2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2013. Impacts of multiple disturbances on tree community composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Invited Seminar University of Helsinki, Finland November 29, 2013.

2012. Forest blowdowns: severity, relative susceptibility of tree species and successional paetterns in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Wilderness (with Roy Rich and Peter B. Reich), Forest Ungulates Research Network (FURN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct.

2012 Trophic cascades and the temperate-boreal transition in a warming climate (with Rolf Peterson, Martin Dovicak, Peter Reich, Joh Vucetich, and Nico Eisenhauer). Forest Ungulates Research Network (FURN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct. 2012.

2011. Opening presentation for Symposium, Effects of invasive earthworms on biogescience processes, Canadian Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

2009. Opening presentation for Symposium on Boreal Forests and Range of Natural Variability, European Congress of Conservation Biology, Prague, Czech Republic.

2001. Keynote address, Canadian old growth, a Science perspective, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.

1997. Seminar, Neighborhood effects, disturbance and community stability, Montreal Botanical Garden and University of Quebec at Montreal.

U.S. 2013. St. Croix National Scenic River, Forests and climate change, St. Croix Falls, WI. 2013. Minnesota Zoo, Our World Speaker Series, Minnesota Forests at the Crossroads:

spruce, maple or savanna?, Apple Valley, MN. 2012. Minnesota Phenology Association annual meeting, keynote presentation.

Phenological observations. Cloquet Forestry Center, MN. 2012. Oak Symposium, keynote presentation, Oak in the context of climate change,

2011. Hannover Lecture, Michigan State University. Climate change, invasive species

and forests. East Lansing, MI. 2011. Adaptive Peaks lecture. Climate change, invasive species and the priaire-forest

border. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY. 2010. Keynote presentation for 300 people, Ecology of Black Ash, at The Black Ash

Symposium, Bemidji, MN. rt

of the 2010 Moose Conference and Workshop, International Falls, MN. 2010. Luncheon banquet presentation for the Minnesota-Wisconsin Invasive Species

Conference for 600 people. Climate change and invasive species in forests, St.Paul, MN. 2010. Plenary presentation at the Midwest Fish and Wildlife conference for ca 800

people: New frontiers in invasive earthworm research. Minneapolis, MN. 2009. Climate change, earthworm invasion, and future of forest and aquatic ecosystems

in Minnesota. Rivers and Lakes Conference, Rochester, MN. 2009. Keynote presentation, Climate change and forests at The Gypsy Moth Review,

Minneapolis, MN. 2008. Invited presentation at The Climate Change Forum, Ely MN, with Arctic explorer

Will Steger, MN Governor Tim Pawlenty, and U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar. 2008. Bennet Memorial Lecture, 400 years of fire and wind in the BWCAW, University of

Michigan Biological Station.

2008. Keynote talk, Forest and climate change, Winter Camper Rendezvous, Ely MN. 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Presentations on Fire and wind in the boreal forest,

Global warming and forests, Earthworms and forests, Hemlock and maple forest dynamics, and Tree mortality and fires, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meetings, various locations.

2007. Presentation on Global warming and forests, to a joint meeting of the Minnesota State House and Senate, Capitol Building, St.Paul.

2007. Global warming and forests, Rochester Community College, with U.S. House Representative Tim Walz and J. Drake Hamilton, Rochester MN.

2006. Seminar, Climate change and invasive species, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI.

2006. Forests and climate change, The Science Museum of Minnesota, with Paul Douglas of WCCO TV and J Drake Hamilton of Fresh Energy.

2005. Keynote talk, Eastern Native Tree Society annual meeting, Holyoke, MA. 2004. Invasive earthworms, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 2004. Plenary presentation, Disturbance ecology, North American Forest Biology

Workshop, Houghton, MI. 2004, 2007. Presentations on Fire and restoration, and Wind and tree mortalty, for ca

800 people, Minnesota Shade Tree Conference, Bethel University, Roseville, MN. 2003. Disturbance and range of natural variability, Society of American Foresters,

Buffalo, NY. 1998. Managing to Create the Ancient Forest Conference, Lynchburg, VA. 1997. Eastern Old-Growth Conference, Clarion Pennsylvania. 1995. Northeastern Old Growth Conference, Williamstown, MA.

PUBLICATIONS Total of 136 publications (80 peer reviewed articles, 7 books/book chapters, 3 book reviews, 22 F1000 reviews, and 24 other). Publications appear in 40 peer-reviewed journals with 90 coauthors from 14 countries. Top 1% of scientists in the world list, Web of Science, Essential Science Indicators, Ecology and Environment category (2014). Citations (July 2014): Google Scholar, ca 520 per year, career total 5172, H-index 38; Web of Science, ca 300 per year, career total 3100 (including books), H index 31, seven publications with >100 citations.

Peer-reviewed journal articles

Schlaghamersky, J., N. Eisenhauer, and L.E Frelich. 2014. Earthworm invasion alters enchytraied community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America. Applied Soil Ecology, in press.

Whitfeld, T.J.S., A.M. Roth, A.G. Lodge, N. Eisenhauer, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants. Biological Invasions 16: 2181-2193.

Frelich, L. Oxford Bibliographies in Ecology. Ed. David Gibson. New York: Oxford University Press, May 2013.

http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199830060/obo-9780199830060-0085.xml

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Temperate tree expansion into adjacent boreal forest patches facilitated by warmer temperatures. Ecography 37: 152-161.

Danz, N.P., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and G.J. Niemi. 2013. Abrupt prairie-forest transition across a smooth climate gradient in presettlement Minnesota, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 24: 1129-1140.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2013. Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests. Biological Invasions 15: 1057-1066.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2013. Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate-boreal forests. Landscape Ecology 28: 149-159.

Loss, S.R., R. Hueffmeier, C.M. Hale, G.E. Host, G. Sjerven, and L.E. Frelich. 2013. Earthworm invasions in northern hardwoods forests; a rapid assessment method. Natural Areas Journal 33: 500-509.

Frelich, L.E. and E.J. Ostuno. 2012. Estimating wind speeds of convective storms from tree damage. Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 7: 1-19.

Schlaghamersky, J, and L.E. Frelich. 2012. First records of Parergodrilus heideri (Annelida: Zootaxa 3498: 81-86.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Sapling growth responses to warmer Global Change Biology 18: 3455-3463.

Frelich, L.E., R.O. Peterson, M. Dovciak, P.B. Reich, J.A. Vucetich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2012. Trophic cascades, invasive species, and body-size hierarchies interactively modulate climate change responses of ecotonal temperate-boreal forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society-B 367: 2955-2961.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Leaf litter disappearance in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of tree species and the chemistry and diversity of litter. Ecosystems 15: 913-926.

Reich, P.B., L.E. Frelich, R. Voldseth, P. Bakken, and C. Adair. 2012. Understory diversity in boreal forests is regulated by productivity and its indirect impacts on resource availability and heterogeneity. Journal of Ecology,100: 539-545.

Eisenhauer, N., N.A. Fisichelli, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Interactive effects of global

species. Oikos 121: 1121-1133.

Eisenhauer, N., J. Schlaghamersky, P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. The wave towards a new steady state: effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial functions. Biological Invasions 13: 2191-2196.

Li, G. Y. Liu, L.E. Frelich and S. Sun. 2011. Experimental warming induces degradation of a Tibetan alpine meadowthrough trophic interactions. Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-667.

Sun, S. and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Flowering phenology and height growth patterns are associated with maximum plant height, relative growth rate, and stem tissue mass density in herbaceous grassland species. Journal of Ecology 99: 991-1000.

Salk, T.A., L.E. Frelich, S.Sugita, R. Montgomery, R. Calcote and J.B. Ferrari. 2011. Poor recruitment is changing the structure and species composition of an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1998-2006.

Carlson, D.J., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Fine-scale heterogeneity in overstory composition contributes to heterogeneity of wildfire severity in southern boreal forest. Journal of Forest Research 16: 203-214.

Danz, N.P., P.B. Reich,. L.E. Frelich, and G.J. Niemi. 2011. Vegetation controls vary across space and spatial scale in a historic grassland-forest biome boundary. Ecography 32: 402-414.

McGraw, A.M., R. Moen, G. Wilson, A. Edwards, R. Peterson, L. Cornicelli, M. Schrage, L. Frelich, M.Lenarz, and D. Becker. 2010. An Advisory committee process to plan moose management in Minnesota. Alces 46: 189-200.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2010. Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America? Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 8: 371-378. DOI: 10.1890/080191.

Heimpel, G.E., L.E. Frelich, D.A. Landis, K.R. Hopper, K. Hoelmer, Z. Sezen, M.K. Asplen, and K. Wu. 2010. European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as part of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America. Biological Invasions 12: 2913-2931.

Larson, E., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, C.M. Hale, and K. Kipfmueller. 2010. Tree rings detect earthworm invasions and their effects in northern hardwood forests. Biological Invasions 12: 1053-1066.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and M.E. Bauer. 2009. Coupling high-resolution satellite imagery and field data to predict forest blowdown across a gradient of disturbance severity. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 299-308.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2009. Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2556-2568.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2009. Wilderness conservation in an era of global warming and

Natural Areas Journal 29: 385-393.

Galatowitsch, S., Frelich, L.E., and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in a midcontinental region of North America. Biological Conservation 142: 2012-2022.

Holdsworth, A., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich.2008. Litter decomposition in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of invasion degree and litter chemistry. Ecoscience 15: 536-544.

Benedict, M.A., and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Site factors and black ash tree-ring growth in northern Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management 255:3489-3493.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2008. Frost crack incidence in northern hardwood forests of the southern boreal north temperate transition zone. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25:133-138.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and John Pastor. 2008. Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability, and native plants: a mesocosm study. Oecologia 155: 509-518.

Peck, J.E., H.M. Hoganson, P.S. Muir, A.R. Ek, and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Using Inventory Projections to evaluate management options for the nontimber forest product of epiphytic moss. Forest Science 54: 185-194.

Peck, J.E. and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Moss harvest truncates the successional development of epiphytic bryophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications, 18: 146-158.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age. Journal of Ecology, 95: 1261-1273.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology, 21: 997-1008.

Holdsworth, A.R., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2007. Regional extent of an ecosystem engineer: earthworm invasion in northern hardwood forests. Ecological Applications, 17:1666-1677.

Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Changes in cold-temperate forest understory plant communities in response to invasion by European earthworms. Ecology 87: 1637-1649.

Frelich, L.E., C.M. Hale, S. Scheu, A.Holdsworth, L.Heneghan, P.J. Bohlen, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. Biological invasions 8: 1235-1245.

Frelich, L.E., M.W. Cornett, and M.A. White. 2005. Controls and reference conditions in forestry: The role of old growth and retrospective studies. Journal of Forestry: 103, 339-344.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecosystems 8: 911-927.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecological Applications 15: 848-860.

Dovicak, M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2005. Pathways in old field succession to white pine: seed rain, shade and climate effects. Ecological Monographs 75:363-378.

Weyenberg, S.A, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2004. Logging versus fire: how does disturbance type influence the abundance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) regeneration? Silva Fennica 38:179-194.

Mehta, S., L. E. Frelich, M. T. Jones, and J. Manolis. 2004 . Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS. Ecological Modelling 180: 73-87.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2004. Allometric equations for estimation of ash-free dry mass from length measurements for selected European earthworm species (Lumbricidae) in the western Great Lakes region. American Midland Naturalist: 151(1): 179-185.

Dovciak, M., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2003. Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine regeneration and recruitment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33:1892-1904.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2003. Perspectives on development of definitions and values related to old-growth forests. Environmental Reviews 11: S9-S22.

Frelich, L.E., J-L. Machado, and P.B. Reich. 2003. Fine-scale environmental variation and structure of understorey plant communities in two old-growth pine forests. Journal of Ecology 91: 283-293.

Freidman, S.K., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Multiple scale composition and spatial patterns of the northeastern Minnesota presettlement forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 538-554.

Reich, P.B., P.Bakken, D.Carlson, L.E. Frelich, S.K. Friedman, and D. Grigal. 2001. Influence of logging and fire on boreal forest biodiversity and productivity. Ecology 82: 2731-2748.

Dovciak, M., L.E. Frelich, & P.B. Reich. 2001. Discordance in spatial patterns of white pine (Pinus strobus) size-classes in a patchy near-boreal forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 280-291.

Cornett, M.W., K.J. Puettmann, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2001. Comparing the importance of seedbed and canopy type in the restoration of upland Thuja occidentalis forests of northeastern Minnesota. Restoration Ecology, 9: 386-396.

Cornett, M.W., P.B. Reich, K.J. Puettmann, and L.E. Frelich. 2000. Seedbed and moisture availability determine safe sites for early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) regeneration. American Journal of Botany, 87: 1807-1814.

Cornett, M.W., L.E. Frelich, K.J. Puettmann, and P.B. Reich. 2000. Conservation implications of browsing by Odcoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biological Conservation 93: 359-369.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity and community stability in forests. Ecosystems 2: 151-166.

Romme, W., W. Everham, L.E. Frelich, M. Moritz, and R. Sparks. 1999. Are large infrequent disturbances qualitatively different from small frequent disturbances? Ecosystems 1: 524-534.

Frelich, L.E., and P.B. Reich. 1998. Disturbance severity and threshold responses in the boreal forest. Conservation Ecology [aka Ecology and Society, online]2(2):7. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/art7/

Augustine, D., L.E. Frelich and P.A. Jordan. 1998. Evidence for development of alternative communities in an ungulate grazing system. Ecological Applications 8: 1260-1269.

Augustine, D., and L.E. Frelich. 1998. White-tailed deer impacts on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests. Conservation Biology 12: 995-1004.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich, S. Sugita, M.B. Davis, and S.K. Friedman. 1998. Neighborhood effects in forests: Implications for within stand patch structure and management. Journal of Ecology: 86: 149-162.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1998. A structural alternative to chronosequence analysis for uneven-aged northern hardwood forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 6: 347-366.

Tester, J., A. Starfield, and L.E. Frelich. 1997. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests. Biological Conservation 80: 313-324.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the Western Great Lakes Region. Ecoscience 2: 148-158.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest. Ecological Monographs 65:325-346.

Frelich, L.E. 1995. Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement. Natural Areas Journal 15: 157-167.

Frelich, L.E., and L.J. Graumlich. 1994. Age class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:1939-1947.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1994. Disturbance and eastern old growth. Journal of Forestry 92:33-38.

Frelich, L.E., R.R. Calcote, M.B. Davis and J. Pastor. 1993. Patch formation and maintenance in an old growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Ecology 74: 513-527.

Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1992. Forest-tree growth rates and probability of gap origin--a reply to Clark. Ecology 73: 1124-1128.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. A simulation of landscape dynamics in old-growth northern hardwood forests. Journal of Ecology 79: 223-233.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region. Ecological Monographs 61:145-164.

Bockheim, J.G., J.E. Leide, and L.E. Frelich. 1989. Red pine growth and chemical composition of foliage and forest floors across a precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:1543-1549.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1989. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:651-663.

Frelich, L.E., J.G. Bockheim and J.E. Leide. 1989. Historical trends in tree-ring growth and chemistry across an air-quality gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:113-121

Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1988. Estimating gap origin probabilities for canopy trees. Ecology 69:778-785.

Frelich, L.E. and G.L. Martin. 1988. Effects of crown expansion into gaps on evaluation of disturbance intensity in northern hardwood forests. Forest Science 34:530-536.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1985. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA. Biological Conservation 34:99-120.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1984. A simulation of equilibrium diameter distributions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 111:193-199.

Manuscripts—submitted and planned submission in near future

Bapikee, C., L.E. Frelich and C. Woodall. 2014. Sugar maple communities across a climate gradient in the Great Lakes Region.

Bragg, D.C., L.E. Frelich, R.T. Leverett, W. Blozan, and D. Luthringer. Systematic overestimation of tree height using conventional measurement techniques.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich and D.W. Peterson. 2014. Fire in Midwestern oak forest ecosystems: an oak restoration and management handbook. Forest Service GTR in review.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Obstacles to herb layer recovery in an old-growth fragment of the Big Woods: deer, invasive earthworms, or propagule supply?

Jõgiste, K., H. Korjus, J.A. Stanturf, J. Donis, C.J. Peterson, L.E. Frelich, A. Kangur, K. Köster, V. Marozas, T. Meikar, M. Metslaid, T. Randveer, F. Vodde. Western taiga forest: disturbances and the importance of legacies.

Larson, E.R., K.F. Kipfmueller and L.E. Frelich. The Relative Importance of Climate, Disturbance, and Fire Suppression in Driving Patterns of Succession in Whitebark Pine Communities. Planned submission: Ecological Monographs.

Larson, E.R., T. Wilding, R.M. Hueffmeier, K.F. Kipfmueller, C.M. Hale, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Invaisve earthworms reduce productivity and amplify drought sensitivity in sugar maple trees of the Great Lakes region. Planned submission: Nature.

Rich, R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Successional patterns influenced by large-scale blowdown in the southern boreal forest. Planned submission: Ecosystems.

Salk, T.A., L.E. Frelich, S. Sugita, and R. Montgomery. Tree coring does not affect mortality in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods. Planned submission: Tree ring research.

Sell, S.M., P.A. Jordan and L.E. Frelich. Factors influencing the intensity of moose herbivory on sugar maple within the boreal/northern hardwood ecotone, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan. Planned submission: Forest Ecology and Management.

Vodde, F., K. Jogiste, J. Engelhart, L.E. Frelich, W.K. Moser, A. Sims, M. Metslaid. 2014. Does position matter in wind-induced microsites for tree seedling establishment, growth and survival?

Books and book chapters

Frelich, L.E. et al. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthwrom-free temperate and boreal forests. Pages 35-45 in: P.F. Hendrix, Editor, Biological invasions belowground: earthworms as invasive species. Springer, The Netherlands.

Frelich, L.E. 2002. Forest Dynamics and disturbance regimes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2002. Dynamics of old-growth oak forests. Pages 113-126 in, W.J. McShea and W.H. Healy, editors: The ecology and management of oaks for wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Frelich, L.E. and K.Puettmann. 1999. Restoration Ecology. Pages 498-524 in, M.L Hunter, Jr., Editor, Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1996. Old growth in the Great Lakes Region. Chapter 11, pages 144-160, in Mary B. Davis, editor: Eastern Old Growth. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, J.B. Ferrari, and L.E. Frelich (Peer reviewed). 1994. Historical Development of alternate communities in a hemlock-hardwood forest in Michigan, USA. Pages 19-39 In: Large-scale Ecology and Conservation Biology. R.May, N.Webb, and P.Edwards, Editors. Blackwell, Oxford, England.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, and L.E. Frelich. 1992. Effects of invasion by Tsuga Canadensis on a North American forest ecosystem. Pages 34-44 In: A. Teller, P.Mathy and J.N.R. Jeffers, Editors. Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, New York, USA.

Book reviews and Post-publication peer reviews

Frelich, L.E. 2010-2014. Faculty of 1000, 19 reviews published to date.

Frelich, L.E. 2012. Disturbance at the center of ecology and human lives, b The biology of disturbed habitats , Oxford University Press, 2012. Bioscience 62: 924-925.

Fre The vanishing present: Wisconsin’s changing lands, water, and wildlife The Quarterly Review of Biology 84: 293.

The Ecology of Fire Ecoscience 3:244-245.

Other publications

Frelich, L.E. 2014. How to become a forest ecologist in only 40 years. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 95: 207-210.

Frelich, L.E. 2014. Understanding our changing forests. Minnesota, 113(4), 24-25.

Frelich, L.E. and A.R. Ek, J.N. Zobel, and K.M. Paige. 2012. Forest wildlife habitat description and data for Minnesota species. Staff Paper Series No. 219. Department of Forest Resources, St.Paul, MN.

Bragg, D.C., Frelich, L.E., R.T. Leverett, W. Blozan and D.J. Luthringer. 2011. The sine method: an alternative height measurement technique. USDA Forest Service Research Note SRS-22.

Moen, R., R.A. Peterson, S. Windels, L.E. Frelich, and D.R. Becker, M. Johnson. 2011. Minnesota moose status: progress on Moose Advisory Committee recommendations. NRRI Technical Report NRRI/TR 2011-41.

Galatowitsch, S., L.E. Frelich and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Coping with climate change: conservation planning in Minnesota. CURA Reporter 39:3-10. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Minnesota Conservation Volunteer 71, No. 418, 72-73.

Kilgore, M.A, A.R. EK, K.A. Buhr, L.E. Frelich, J.M. Hanowski, C.M. Hibbard, A.O. Finley, L.C. Rathbun, N.P. Danz, J.W. Lind, and G.J. Niemi. 2005. Minnesota timber harvesting GEIS: An assessment of the first 10 years. Staff Paper Series No. 182. University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources.

Superior National Forest, USDA, Forest Service. 2001. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Fuel Treatments. Frelich wrote much of the Vegetation section of the EIS as a subcontractor with Foster-Wheeler Environmental, Inc.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2001. Fire ecology, Forest, boreal, and Forest, temperate (3 articles). Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

Reich, P.B. and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Temperate deciduous forests. Encyclopedia of Global Change. Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

Frelich, L.E. 2000. A preliminary ecological assessment of the July 4th blowdown in the BWCAW. A background paper for the USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Range of variability in forest structure for the Northern Superior Uplands. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior National Forest, Minnesota.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Natural variability of forested ecosystems in northern Minnesota. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior and Chippewa National Forests, Minnesota.

--Now and for the Future. A Report to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (Written by a group of 14, including L.E. Frelich).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1994. Generic Environmental Impact Statement study on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 500+ pages. (L.E. Frelich co-authored the document as part of the 4-member GEIS core group. The document was peer reviewed).

Frelich, L.E. 1993. Fire policy in the BWCAW: discussion of some ecological issues. BWCA Wilderness News, Autumn 1993: 6-7.

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992a. Forest Wildlife: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in

Minnesota. 210 pp. (L.E. Frelich provided technical editing and co-authored the document as part of a 5-member study team, document was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992b. Biodiversity: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 111 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document which was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992c. Global Atmospheric Change: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 30 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document).

Frelich, L.E. 1992. Predicting dimensional relationships for Twin Cities shade trees. Miscellaneous publication of the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources.

Frelich, L.E. 1992. The relationship of natural disturbances to white pine stand development. Pages 27-37 In: White Pine Symposium Proceedings: History, Ecology, Policy and Management. Eds. R. A. Stine and M.J. Baughman. St Paul, MN: Department of Forest Resources, College of Natural Resources and Minnesota Extension Service.

Phillips, M. (Editor). 1991. Carbon dioxide budgets in Minnesota and recommendations on reducing net emissions with trees. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, St.Paul, MN, USA. 89 pages. (L.E. Frelich contributed about 12 pages of material on carbons pools of Minnesota and carbon fixation over time by shade trees and forest plantation).

Frelich, L.E. 1979. Vascular plants of Newport State Park, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Report 100. 34 pp.

REFERENCES

Edward A. Johnson. Professor and Director, Kananaskis Field Stations. Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. 403-220-3570/220-7635. E-mail: Johnsone@ucalgary.ca

Craig G. Lorimer. Professor. Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706. 608-262-6187. E-mail: clorimer@wisc.edu

Peter B. Reich. Regents Professor and Hubachek Chair in Forest Ecology. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota-St.Paul, MN 55108. 612-624-4270. E-mail: preich@umn.edu.