LEE E. FRELICHUniversity of Minnesota

Department of Forest Resources1530 N. Cleveland Avenue

St.Paul, MN 55108612-624-3671 (office, 330F Green Hall); 612-991-1359 (cell)

E-mail: freli001@umn.edu

CURRICULUM VITAE

EDUCATIONUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonPh.D., Forestry, 1986

Specialty - Forest Ecology; Minor - Applied Statistics; Adviser - Craig LorimerUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

B.S., Bacteriology, 1980; Botany, 1979Post-doctoral positions in Forest Soils/Acid Rain with James Bockheim (1987-1988), University

of Wisconsin-Madison and in Paleoecology with Margaret B. Davis (1989-1992), University of Minnesota.

CURRENT POSITIONSDirector and Research Associate, The University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, 1992-

to date (originally known as Center for Hardwood Ecology)Senior Member of the Graduate Faculty in: (1) Conservation Biology; (2) Natural Resource

Science and Management

HIGHLIGHTS 144 publications, 83 in peer-reviewed journals. H index 33 (Web of Science), 40 (Google Scholar) Publications appear in 40 peer-reviewed journals, with 120 coauthors from 15 countries Peer-review and editorial work for 75 peer-reviewed journals Expertise in forest ecology: forest fires and windstorms, climate change, large herbivores

(deer), invasive plants and invasive earthworms in temperate and boreal forests Wrote a single-author book at Cambridge University Press ‘Forest dynamics and disturbance

regimes’(2002), and Oxford Bibliographies ‘Boreal forests’ at Oxford University Press Essential Science Indicators, listed among top 1% of all scientists in the world, Thompson

Reuters Web of Science, Ecology and Environment Category, 2014, 2015 Co-discoverer, with Jiri Schlaghamersky, of nine species of Enchytraied worms new to

science in forests of northern Wisconsin and Minnesota Program Chair, Ecological Society of America, 101st annual meeting (2016) 400+ media appearances including The New York Times and National Geographic 75 graduate students advised (24 as adviser/coadviser and 51 committee assignments) $5.7 million in research support including grants from National Science Foundation and

National Park Service

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AREAS OF EXPERTISE Boreal forest (Jack pine, spruce, fir, white and red pine) Temperate forests (oak, maple and hemlock) Disturbance ecology, including fire and wind Stand history reconstruction Ecosystem management in forests Invasive species (European earthworm) impacts in forests Ungulate herbivory (deer and moose) in forests Modeling of growth and dynamics of vegetation and landscapes Neighborhood effects and species coexistence in plant communities Old growth forest and natural area evaluation, restoration and management Paleoecology and long-term dynamics of vegetation Urban forestry Global warming impacts in forests

CURRENT PROJECTS Exotic earthworm invasion in forests (with P. Reich, A. Roth, P. Ojanen). Boreal forest response to large-scale wind, fire and wind-fire combinations in the

Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (with P. Reich, R. Rich, T. Serres, E. Anoszko).

Tree growth form and tree height patterns across species ranges in Eastern North America. (With Bob Leverett, Will Blozan, and other Eastern Native Tree Society members).

Long-term dynamics of hemlock and maple forests in Sylvania Wilderness, MI (with M.B. Davis, S. Sugita, R. Montgomery).

Climate change, including multiple feedbacks from disturbance, herbivory, and invasive species in temperate and boreal forests (With P. Reich, N. Fisichelli, D. Chaffin).

Long-term dynamics of vegetation and moose browsing on isle Royale National Park, Michigan (With P. Jordan, S. Sell).

Climate adaptation planning for seven National Parks in The Great Lakes Region (with R. Moen, S. Windels, R. Barnes).

TEACHING AND ADVISINGEighteen graduate students completed and 6 in progress (14 Ph.D. and 10 M.S., including 2 Native American students and 1 African student); 45 other graduate student committee assignments completed and 6 in progress, including students in 8 graduate programs (Natural Resource Science and Management, Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Conservation Biology, Geography, Plant Biology, Landscape Architecture, Entomology, and History), and students at University of Quebec at Montreal, York University (Toronto), and Estonian University of Life Sceinces, (Tartu, Estonia). Former students include the Director of Conservation Science for The Nature Conservancy Minnesota, Regional Fire Ecologist for the National Park Service, Regional Forester for The Bureau of Indian Affairs (Denver), Research Ecologist with the Agricultural Research Service (Fort Collins), Policy analyst with the MN Department of Natural Resources, Director of Business and Brand Development for the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Data

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Analyst for Apple Computer, and faculty at The University of Minnesota-Duluth, University of Wisconsin-Superior, SUNY Syracuse, and Penn State.

Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising completed, with thesis titles:

Roth, Alexander, Ph.D., Natural Resource Sceicne and Management (NRSM), and NSF IGERT invasive species, with P.Reich), 2010-2015. Thesis: Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), European earthworms, and ecosystem management: Invasion and restoration in Minnesota’s deciduous forests.

Ojanen, Paul, M.S., (NRSM), 2007-2014. Thesis: A study of herbaceous vegetation in Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest: Relationship of earthworms, white-tailed deer browsing and Carex Pensulvanica Lam.

Bapikee, Chaïna. Ph.D. NRSM, 2008-2013. Thesis: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) forest community dynamics across an environmental gradient from the prairie-forest border to interior forest biome

Salk, Ted. M.S., NRSM (with R. Montgomery), 2005-2013. Thesis: Poor Recruitment is Changing the Structure and Species Composition of an Old-Growth Hemlock–Hardwood Forest

Fisichelli, Nicholas. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich). 2007-2012. Thesis: Tree regeneration dynamics and drivers across the temperate-boreal transition zone.

Dieser, Peter. M.S, NRSM (with A. Ek), 2009-2011. Plan B paper: Analysis of the Cloquet Forestry Center Wildlife Species Habitat Suitability Index from 1959-2000 using Wildlife Habitat indicator for Native Genera and Species (WHINGS) Database Query Model.

Danz, Nick. Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich), 2005-2009. Thesis: Spatial vegetation-environment relationships and distributional changes in the presettlement Minnesota prairie-forest boundary.

Peck, Jeri. Ph.D. NRSM (with Alan Ek), 2005-2007. Thesis: Toward the sustainable management of commercially harvestable epiphytic bryophytes.

Holdsworth, Andy, Ph.D. Conservation Biology (with P. Reich), 2000-2006. Thesis: Ecological consequences and conservation implications of non-native invasive earthworms in northern hardwood forests.

Rich, Roy. Ph.D., Forestry (with P. Reich), 1999-2006. Thesis: Large wind disturbance in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: Forest dynamics and development changes associated with the Jult 4th, 1999 blowdown.

Burton, Julia. M.S. Forestry (with Eric Zenner), 2002-2004. Thesis: A comparison of primary old-growth and second-growth northern hardwood forests on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota, USA.

Mehta, Smita. M.S. Conservation Biology (with A. Starfield), 2000- 2003. Thesis: A sensitivity analysis and application of LANDIS on the Nashwauk Uplands.

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Hale, Cindy. Ph.D., Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2003. Thesis: European earthworm invasion dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities.

Dovicak, Martin. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P Reich), 1995-2001. Thesis: Spatial patterns of white pine regeneration in relation to seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation and resources.

Weyenberg, Scott. M.S. Forest Ecology (with P. Reich), 1998-2001. Thesis: A story of white pine regeneration as influenced by seed source strength and disturbance history in northeastern Minnesota.

Benedict, Michael. M.S. Forestry 1998-2001. Thesis: Black ash: its use by Native Americans, site factors affecting seedling abundance and ring growth in northern Minnesota.

Cornett, Meredith. Ph.D. Forest Ecology (with P. Reich and K. Puettmann) 1993-2000. Thesis: Ecological restoration of upland white cedar forests on the Lake Superior Highlands.

Augustine, David. M.S. Wildlife Ecology (with P.Jordan), 1994-1997. Thesis: Grazing patterns and impacts of white-tailed deer in a fragmented forest ecosystem.

Graduate Student Advising/Coadvising in Progress:John Saxhaug, M.S., NRSM, 2014-Kristi Nigul, Ph.D., Estonian University of Life Sciences (with A. Kangur), 2011-Karl Sames, M.S., NRSM, 2011-David Chaffin, Ph.D., NRSM, 2011-Elias Anoszko, Ph.D., NRSM (with P. Reich), 2010-Terry Serres, Ph.D. NRSM (with P. Reich), 2006-

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments Completed:Alexandra Lodge, Ph.D., NRSM, committee, 2012-2015Andrew Pretorious, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2013-2015Lorelle Berkeley, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2007-2014Carrie Pike, Ph.D., NRSM, exam committee, 2013Lane Johnson, M.S. Geography, committee 2011-2013Eric Henderson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2013Kerrie Sendall, Ph.D., Plant Biology, Committee, 2008-2012Scott Loss, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2008-2011Daniel Margoles, M.S., Geography, 2009-2010Christopher William, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2007-2010Nicholas Bolton, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2009-2010Angela Hodgson, Ph.D., Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2009-2010Grant Elliott, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009Evan Larson, Ph.D. Geography, Committee, 2006-2009Tor Janson, M.S., Landscape Architecture, Committee, 2009Kate Skelton, M.S., Landscape Architecture, committee, 2008-2009John Wing, Ph.D. History, committee, 2007-2009Nathan DeJager, Ph.D. Ecology Evolution and Behavior, Committee, 2006-2008Kris Johnson, Ph.D. NRSM, Committee, 2006-2009

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Andrew Jenks, M.S., NRSM, committee, 2008Scott Sell, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, Committee 1998-2007Anne-Marie Hoskinson, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2001-2006Mark Seamans, Ph.D. Wildlife Ecology, committee, 2002-2005Yu Wei, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 2001-2004Amy Harder, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 2002-2004Saewan Koh, Ph.D. Biology, Outside examiner,York University, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada, 2004Dave Lytle, Ph.D. Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Committee 1998-2002Mike Tobin, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, final exam, 2001Steve Friedman, Ph.D. Forestry, Committee, 1995-2001Kali Sawaya, M.S. Forestry, Committee, 1999-2000Daren Carlson, M.S. Conservation Biology, Committee 1995-2001Dan Kneeshaw, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Outside examiner, University of

Quebec at Montreal 2000Robyn Flakne, Paleoecology, Ph.D. Committee, 1993-2000Michael Counte, Forestry, M.S. Committee 1998-2000Amelia Lu, Forestry, Ph.D. Committee, 1998-1999José-Luis Machado, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee 1995-1998Cynthia Lane, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, Committee, final exam, 1999Timothy Parshall, Ecology, Ph.D. Committee, final exam, 1998David W. Peterson, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, 1994-1998Matt Duvall, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee 1994-1997Cindy Hale, M.S. Forest Ecology, Committee 1993-1996Steve Fettig, M.S. Wildlife Ecology, Committee, 1993-1995Kent Slaughter, M.S. Forest Soils, Committee, 1993-1994 Mark Tjoelker, Ph.D. Tree Physiology, Prelim committee 1993Mike Walters, Ph.D. Forest Ecology, Committee, final exam 1993

Other Graduate Student Committee Assignments in ProgressChristopher Looney, Ph.D., NRSM, committee 2015-Mack Glasby, M.S., NRSM, committee 2015-Elizabeth Schneider, Ph.D., Geography, committee, 2015-David Wilson, Ph.D., NRSM (with A. Ek), 2014-David Pavlik, M.S., Conservation Biology, committee, 2014-Derek Rosenberger, Ph.D., Entomology, committee, 2013-John Berini, Ph.D. Conservation Biology, committee, 2012-

Undergraduate researchApproximately 50 undergraduate students employed over the last 15 years as field and lab assistants on graduate student and other research projects, in addition to University of Minnesota undergraduate research (UROP), and NSF REU and IGERT interns listed below.

Sabrina Shrader (NSF IGERT Summer Intern), 2009Leah Rathbun (UROP), 2003Rachel Nash (NSF REU), 2003

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Erica Johnson (UROP), 1998

Courses, webinars and workshops taught 2009 to date. Teach Landscape Ecology and Management, a 3-credit course for senior

undergraduates and graduate students. 2002 to date. Teach Forest Fire and Disturbance Ecology, a 3-credit course for senior

undergraduates and graduate students. 1997-2015. Instructor for Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative, Cloquet Forestry

Center, continuing education workshops for forest managers. Local Lake States Silviculture Module of National Advanced Silviculture

Program (2015); taught units on Fire and Invasive species The science of climate change and forests A synthesis of fire and oak forests Wind and fire workshop Invasive earthworms in forests Managing forest stands in changing landscapes Natural disturbance in Midwestern Forests Bigwoods conservation and deer Range of natural variability in Great Lakes Forests

2014, 2015. Invasive species in Minnesota. Champlin Middle School (science immersion public school), ‘Expert Day’ workshop.

2014. Climate change adaptation in national Parks. Workshop, Voyageurs NP, International Falls, MN. Attended by 60 managers including National Park, National Forest and MNDNR staff.

2013. Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts webinar (statewide audience of MSAWCD staff)

2013. The National Extension Educators Workshop, Cloquet Forestry Center, MN. 2013. Minnesota Climate Change Adaptation Workshop, Science Museum of Minnesota

(very broad audience including many land managers from throughout the state; this also resulted in coverage in the Minneapolsi Star Tribune and Minnesota Public Radio)

2013. Climate Science Workshop for Teachers, University of Minnesota St.Paul Campus. 2010-2011, taught the seminar for NSF IGERT Graduate Fellowship students, including

a semester on Communicating with the media and a semester on Interactions between native species and Genetically Modified Organisms.

1997-1999. Taught Fire Ecology and Management, a 2-credit course during spring quarter for Natural Resources Senior undergraduates and graduate students.

Instructor for Interagency Fire Management Course for National Park Service and National Forest Service employees.

1995. Prepare and teach workshop in ecosystem management of forests for Department of Natural Resources employees, National Forest Service employees and private consultants in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. (With M.J. Baughman, J. Kotar, C. Locey).

1989 -1991. Lecturer, University of Minnesota Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. Taught Introduction to Ecology, a four credit course for university juniors and seniors. Course was taught twice a year to about 35 students each session. Ninety-six

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percent of all students who completed evaluations rated overall quality of instructor good or excellent, and 79% rated the course as one of the top one-fourth among courses taken at the University of Minnesota.

1990. Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Bell Museum of Natural History. Taught a five-week course "Ecology of Midwestern Forests" for museum members and the general public.

VISITING SCIENTISTS HOSTED Jiri Schlaghamersky, Assistant Professor, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Fulbright

Scholar, September 2010-August 2011. Kalev Jogiste, Professor, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fulbright Scholar,

September 2010-May 2011.

SELECTED CONSULTING 2010-2015. Sequoia Pictures LLC, and Gillen Group, Inc., Science adviser for

Hollywood movie ‘Ark’. 2013-2014. U.S. Air Force, Minneapolis, MN. Tree health consultant for the 133rd Wing

air base. 2013-2015. Hart-Howerton (Landscape Architects), Restoration of Minnehaha Creek

Watershed in St.Louis Park, MN, and other landscape architecture projects. 2013. Minnesota Zoo, management of vegetation. 2013. Hart-Howerton, University of Minnesota Scholar’s Walk update, consultant on tree

and plant species. 2009. U.S. Army. Evaluation of beech forest at Silver Springs Army Reserve Facility,

Milwaukee, WI. 2009. Barr Engineering. U.S. Steel Keetac project; EIS for biomass energy from logging

residue. 2005-2006. Thunderhawk papermill expansion EIS for Blandin Paper Company. 2004. Minnesota Historical Society. Assist with design of new exhibit for the Grand

Rapids, MN Forest History Center Museum. 2000-2001. Foster-Wheeler Environmental Consulting, Inc., and USDA Forest Service,

Superior National Forest. Environmental Impact Statement for proposed prescribed burning to mitigate the potential impact of large fires in the July 4th blowdown within the BWCAW.

1999. US Forest Service, Superior and Chippewa National Forests, MN. Disturbance and natural variability of ecosystems in northern Minnesota.

1999. Minnesota Forest Council. Report on natural range of variability in disturbance regimes for Northern Superior Uplands.

1998. Boise Cascade Corporation (with Westwood Associates). Documentation of historical natural disturbance regime in northern Minnesota Peatlands Ecological Section.

1995. USDA Forest Service, Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin. Served on committee to set up permanent monitoring system to determine future effects of forest management practices on population dynamics of rare/sensitive species. Developed silvicultural prescription for restoration of old- growth northern hardwood forests.

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1992-1994. Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc., Generic Environmental Impact Statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. One of four authors of the GEIS that guides forest management in the state of Minnesota through the year 2040.

1993. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Assist in developing procedures for evaluating quality of old growth northern hardwoods stands.

SELECTED GRANTSTotal research support to date approximately $5,600,000 from grants as PI, Co-PI, or major collaborator, and from endowment earnings. Captial campaign endowment money raised to date: $650,000.

Accelerated Migration of Bur Oak Ecotypes for Climate Resilience, Lee E. Frelich PI. Part of LCCMR MeCC VIII: Restoration for Climate Resilience, Pollinators, and Working Lands, grant to Great River Greening, project manager Wiley Buck. $100,000, July 2015-June 2018.

Climate change adaptation planning for northern forest ecosystems in Great Lakes National Parks. Ron Moen and Lee Frelich, Co-PIs. U.S. Dept Interior, National Park Service, $330,000, October 2013-September 2017. Sub-project grants: Red Lake Indian reservation, MN, $18,000. Quetico Provincial Park, and Quetico Foundation, Ontario, $17,000.

Successful Biological Control of Soybean Aphid: The Link to Buckthorn. George Heimpel, project manager, with Lee Frelich, Ian MacRae, Bruce Potter, Joe Kaser and Jean Ciborowski, collaborators; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Rapid Agricultural Response Fund, $99,000, July 2011-June 2013.

Climate change and resilience in boreal forests. Lee E. Frelich, project manager, with collaborators Peter B. Reich and Rebecca Montgomery, Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources, $150,000, July 2011-June 2013.

A synthesis of fire and oak restoration in the northeastern U.S. David W. Peterson, Lee E. Frelich and Peter B. Reich, Co-PIs, Joint Fire Science Program, $119,000, July 2010-December 2012.

Terrestrial Synthesis for Voyageurs National Park. L.E. Frelich, PI. National Park Service, $39,000 for FY 2009-2012.

Projecting Environmental Trajectories for Energy-Water-Habitat Planning. P.B. Reich, project manager, Clarence Lehman, Lee Frelich, Mark Seeley, Richard McGehee, Donald Wyse, and Jeanine Cavender-Bares, collaborators. Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), $194,000, July 1, 2009-June 30, 2011.

An integrated initiative on climate change in northern forests. P.B. Reich, PI, R. Montgomery, J. Oleksyn, J. Bradford, B. Palik, T. Lee and L. Frelich, collaborators. $200,000, College of Food, Agricuture, and Natural Resource Science, July 2007-June 2009.

Research assessment for the development of principles for the removal of woody biomass from forests and brushland, Lee. E Frelich and Dean Current, Co-PIs. University of Minnesota Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment, $191,572, September 2005-October 2006.

Minnesota Worm Watch, Lee E. Frelich, PI, with Cindy Hale and Ken Gilbertson, Co-PIs. National Science Foundation, $75,000, September 2005-December 2007.

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Spatial analysis of northern Minnesota landscapes. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, $51,400. Project period May 2001-May 2003.

European earthworm invasion and dynamics of hardwood forest understory communities. Lee E. Frelich, PI and Peter B. Reich, co-PI. National Science Foundation, $331,000. Project period September 2000-August 2004.

Ecological Health and change in Quetico-Superior Forests. P.B. Reich, PI; Frelich has participated as Co-PI or major collaborator in a number of ongoing projects. Total support approximately $1,150,000 from Wilderness Research Foundation. Duration: Ongoing series of grants with periodic renewals, 1992-2010.

Herbivory and regeneration of white cedar and white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI, and P.B. Reich, co-PI. Total Support: $44,000 from MNDNR Division of Parks and Recreation. Duration: April 1994 through June 1999.

Deer browsing and maintenance of herbaceous plant in diversity in Minnesota forests. P. A. Jordan, PI, and J.Kitts, and L.E. Frelich, co-PIs. Total support: $60,000 from MN Agricultural Experiment Station. Duration: April 1994 through March 1997.

Mechanisms of patch maintenance in old-growth hemlock-hardwood forests. P.B. Reich, PI, and L.E. Frelich, K. Puettmann, and M.B. Walters, co-PIs. National Science Foundation, total support $297,000. Duration: January 1995 through December 1997.

Ecosystem management of Minnesota Forests: a stand-to-landscape approach to sustainability and biodiversity in harvested and unharvested forests. P.Reich, PI, and D.Grigal, L.Frelich, M. Bauer, and L.Queen, co-PIs. National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, $200,000. Project period January 1995-December 1999.

Center for Forest Ecology, endowment fund. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Major benefactors: Bruce B. Dayton and Wallace C. Dayton, University of Minnesota 21st Century Fellowship matching fund. Total money raised to date: $650,000.

Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI; and P.B. Reich and M.B. Davis, co-PIs. University of Minnesota, Office of the Vice President for Research, New Initiatives in Interdisciplinary research Program, $100,000. Project period July 1997- July 2000.

Center for Forest Ecology. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Wood-Rill Foundation, $100,000, May 2001-Sept 2007.

Natural regeneration process of white pine. Lee E. Frelich, PI. Minnesota Department of Natural resources (from a legislative appropriation), $160,000. Project period August 1997-June 30, 2001.

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Program chair for Ecological Society of America 2016 annual meeting, Ft. Lauderdale,

Florida. The local program host for the 2013 ESA meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1989 to date. Reviewer of 284 manuscripts manuscripts for 75 peer-reviewed journals:

American Naturalist, American Midland Naturalist, Annals of Forest Science, Applied Soil Ecology, Baltic Forestry, Biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences, Biological Conservation, Biological Invasions, Biology Letters, Bioscience, Biotropica, BMC Ecology, Botany, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Journal of Zoology, Chemistry and Ecology, Climatic Change,

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Conservation Biology, Conservation Ecology, Diversity, Diversity and Distributions, Ecological Applications, Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Ecology Letters, Ecological Monographs, Ecological Restoration, Ecoscience, Ecosphere, Ecosystems, Environmental Conservation, European Journal of Forest Research, Forest Ecology and Management, Forests, Forestry, Forest Science, Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, Geoderma, The Holocene, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Forestry, Journal of Biogeography, Journal of Ecology, Journal of Forest Research, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, Landscape Ecology, Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Landscape Journal, Landscape and Urban Planning, Natural Areas Journal, Nature Communications, Natural Resources Forum (a United Nations Journal), NeoBiota, New Forests, Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Oecologia, Oikos, Pedobiologia, Plant Ecology, Plant Ecology and Diversity, Plos One, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), Remote Sensing, Restoration Ecology, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Southeastern Naturalist, South African Journal of Botany, Trees Structure and Function, Vegetatio.

1990 to date. Reviewer of 72 proposals for: U.S. National Park Service Global Change Program, USDA Plant and Environment, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, Biodiversa (Europe), NSERC (Canada), and National Science Center of Poland.

2000 to date. Reviewer for book manuscripts, Harvard University Press, Cambridge University Press, Minnesota Historical Society, Cornell University Press.

2000 to date. Reviewer/fact checker of articles for National Geographic and The New Yorker.

2013. A signer of the “Open letter to congress from 250 scientists concerned about post-fire logging”. October 30, 2013. Featured in The New York Times editorial Nov. 8, 2013.

2010-2016. Meetings Committee, Ecological Society of America. 2010 to date. Faculty of 1000 Biology, Contributing reviewer for the Landscape and

Spatial Ecology Section, 24 published reviews. 2010. Co-author of letter (with Gabriel Filippelli and Donald Wuebbles) to American

Farm Bureau Federation President Bob Stallman on climate change. Letter was published in full in The New York Times. Followed by Union of Concerned Scientists Climate Change and National Security Forum, Washington DC, January 2010.

2009. Member, MN Department of Natural resources, Moose Advisory Committee 2008, Co-organizer, with Sue Galatowitsch, Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity

Conservation: A Minnesota Response, on June 4-5 2008, Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

2006, Co-organizer, with David Foster (Director of Harvard Forest) of ‘Alteration of North American forest communities by invasive invertebrates’, an Organized Oral Session for the Ecological Society of America Meeting in Memphis, TN, August 7, 2006.

2005-2015, Associate Editor, Ecoscience 2004-2007, Associate Editor, Forest Science

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1992-1996, 1998-2002, 2004-2009. Three five-year terms on Commissioners Advisory Committee for Scientific and Natural Areas, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Principal organizer, 5th Eastern U.S. Old-Growth Forest Conference. Duluth, MN, June 10-12, 1999.

1998-2000. Chair of Cooper Award Committee, Ecological Society of America. 1996. Member, MNDNR’s White Pine Regeneration Strategy Committee. 1996. Participant in Workshop on Large Infrequent Disturbances, at National Center for

Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA.

BOARDS / PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS 2014 to date, Board of Directors, Loring Greenway Association (Minneapolis, MN) 2014 to date, Board of Directors, Citizens for a Loring Park Community (CLPC) 2014-2015, Member, Citizens Advisory Committee for Minneapolis City-wide ecological

plan, Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. 2012 to date, Member, Union of Concerned Scientists 1982 to date, Member, Ecological Society of America 2010 to date, Member, Natural Areas Association 1997-to date, Board of Directors, Friends of Loring Park (Minneapolis, MN) 2003 to date, Vice President, Native Tree Society 2004 to date, Member, Forest Guild 2006 to date, Advisory Council, Friends the Boundary Waters Wilderness 2007-2011, Board of Directors, Great River Greening (MN) 2001-2006. Board of Directors, Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness (MN)

HONORARY 2012. Faculty of 1000. Our paper, Li et al 2011, Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-

667, reviewed and rated ‘Must read’ by F1000 reviewer Eric Post. 2012. Named trees in my honor established by the Native Tree Society. Honorary ‘Lee

Frelich’ trees include a 170-year-old white pine in the Algonquin Grove in Mohawk Trail State Forest, Massachusetts (Eastern Native Tree Society Chapter) and a 300-year old Pondersoa Pine in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado (Western Native Tree Society Chapter).

2011. Volunteer organization of the year, Minneapolis Park and recreation Board, award to Friends of Loring Park (I accepted the award as president of the organization).

2007-2011, President, Friends of Loring Park 2009-2010. Chair of the board of directors, Great River Greening. 2008. Izaak Walton League, Breckenridge Chapter, Protection and Preservation of the

Environment Award 2007. Nature Research Highlights. Our paper, Holdsworth et al. 2007, Conserv. Biol.,

featured in Nature, August 23, 2007 “Worm Wood”, vol. 448, p843. 2006. University of MN, College of Natural Resources, Outstanding Achievement Award 2006. University of MN, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Science,

Star Academic Professional Award

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2006-2008. Chair of MN Department of Natural Resources Commissioner’s Advisory Committee on Natural Areas and Nongame Wildlife

2006. The Wilderness Society, Sigurd Olson Memorial Lecturer 2005. University of MN, Colleges of Natural Resources and Agricultural Food and

Environmental Science, Dean’s Special Merit Award for Faculty Teaching and Research 2000. Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, Volunteer of the Year 1997. Minnesota DNR, Department of Natural Resources Award

MEDIA APPEARANCESApproximately 426 appearances where research is cited or Frelich is quoted. Most frequent topics include large scale wind damage to forests, European earthworm invasion, invasive plants, impact of deer on native plants, forest fires, old growth forests, and climate change.

Selected Highlights Minnesota Public Radio, Mid-Morning with Kerri Miller, Aug. 5, 2015. Forest fires and

fire danger. http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/08/05/bcst-controlled-burns-may-hold- the-key-to-manageable-wildfire-seasons

Peninsula Pulse, Door County WI, July 17, 2015. Lee Frelich, “What will happen to our boreal forests?” http://www.ppulse.com/Articles-The-Green-Page-c-2015-07-16-122706.114136-The-Climate-Corner.html

The Growler. June 30, 2015. Adam Overland, “Climate change: the good, the bad and the barley” http://growlermag.com/climate-change-the-good-the-bad-and-the-barley/

St. Paul Pioneer Press, March 9, 2015. Dave Orrick, “From Boundary Waters mines to earthworm invasion: a conversation with Lee Frelich” http://www.twincities.com/sports/ci_27667922/from-boundary-waters-mines-earthworm-invasion-conversation-lee

Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 2, 2015. “Climate change in Minnesota, 23 signs”. Note: Uses former Ph.D. student Nick Danz’ maps of maple abundance before settlement and now. http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/02/climate-change-primer

Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 2, 2015. Elizabeth Dunbar and Dan Kraker, “Climate change in Minnesota: more heat, more big storms” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/02/climate-change-the-proof

Minnesota Public Radio, Morning Edition, Feb. 3, 2015. Dan Kraker, “As state warms, a few spots keep their cool” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/03/climate-change-coldspots

Minnesota Public Radio, Evening Edition, Feb. 3, 2015. Dan Kraker, “Forest dilemma: what will grow in a changing climate?” http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/02/03/climate-change-forestry

Minneapolis Star Tribune. April 9, 2014. Jon Tevlin, “Tevlin: Legislators join battle against cattails” http://www.startribune.com/tevlin-legislators-join-battle-against-cattails/254457791/

Weather.com (Weather Channel), January 9, 2014. Michele Berger, Frigid weather may harm emerald ash borer populations.

Live Science, January 7, 2014. Becky Oskin, Extreme cold could halt invasive insect. New York Times, November 8, 2013. Editorial Board, The wrong way to save a forest.

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Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 20, 2013. Josephine Marcotty, Saving the Great Northwoods.

St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 10, 2013. John Welbes, Minnesota’s top polluting power plants singled out.

Minneapolis Star Tribune, March 24, 2013. Bill McAuliffe, “Latest earthworm dirt: Climate change villain”

Capital Times (Madison, WI), April 7, 2013. Bill Beerry, “Climate change deniers driven by dogma”

Minneapolis Star Tribune, February 1, 2013. Bill McAuliffe, “Pests wait out Minnesota’s cold”

Minnesota Public Radio, January 30, 2013. Stephanie Hemphill, “Competing goals apparent in new policy on old forest”

St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 27, 2012. Dave Orrick, “Signs of life appearing in area blackened by the Pagami Creek Fire”

Climate Wire, May 21, 2012. Daniel Cusick, “WILDLIFE: The ice goes, fire comes and new species redefine the North Woods”

Minneapolis Star Tribune, January 13, 2012. Kim Palmer, “Do new maps provide relief for zone envy?”

Science News for Kids, November 9, 2011. Cecile LeBlanc, “Tiny earthworms’ big impacts”

Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 20, 2011. Bill McAuliffe, “Signs of new life in BWCA ashes”

Minneapolis Star Tribune, September 20, 2011. Josephine Marcotty, “From fire: BWCA forest of the future”

St.Paul Pioneer Press, September 16, 2011. Dave Orrick and Dennis Lien, “Historic BWCA fire rejuvenates as it burns”

St. Paul Pioneer Press, Sept. 4 , 2011. Dennis Lien, “In Kandiyohi County, an elm forest that time—and disease—forgot”

Lake Superior Magazine, April-May 2011. Cheryl Lyn Dybas, “Icons of the north woods, what will the future hold for our moose, wolves and bears?”

Natural History, July-August 2011. Cheryl Lyn Dybas, “A frenzy of bears”. Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 31, 2010. Tom Meersman, “North woods landscape is

under attack” St.Paul Pioneer Press, August 30, 2010, Dennis Lien, “Catastrophe for cattails”  MinnPost, August 12, 2010. Steve Berg, “BWCAW blowdown and aftermath show how

global warming is changing Minnesota: Prairies are replacing forests” Timberjay Newspapers, July 17, 2010. Adam Masloski, “Forest School—Outdoor

classroom”. Minnesota Conservation Volunteer. January-February 2010, Gustave Axelson, “Trees fit

for the future” The New York Times, January 11, 2010. Allison Winter, “Farm Bureau Fires Back

Against Climate Bill's ‘Power Grab’” Duluth News Tribune, September 15, 2009. John Myers, “Prairie/forest border is moving

north because of warmer climate”

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St.Paul Pioneer Press, Sept. 16, 2009. Dennis Lien, “U scientists say forests are feeling the heat”

Tower-Soudan Timberjay, July 4, 2009, Marshall Helmberger, “The blowdown revisited” Backpacker, September 2007. Gustave Axelson, “Bye bye, Boundary Waters.  As

temperature rise, Minnesota’s North Woods will likely go up in smoke” Nature, August 23, 2007. Research Highlights, Ecology, “Worm Wood”, a brief review

of findings of paper by Holdsworth, Frelich and Reich, published in Conservation Biology 21: 997-1008.

Minneapolis Star Tribune, May 16, 2007, Richard Meryhew. “A blaze with benefits” Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), May 11, 2007. Live TV interview with

Eric Eskola and Kathy Wurzer, about the Ham Lake Fire. New Scientist, March 3, 2007. Jessica Marshall, “War of the Worms” Boston Globe, December 11, 2006, Beth Daley. “When worms turn” St.Paul Pioneer Press, October 1, 2006. Dennis Lien. “Last Stand for our forests?” Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), July 21, 2006. Live TV interview with

Eric Eskola and Kathy Wurzer, about the Cavity Lake Fire. The Osgood Files (CBS Radio), June 10, 2004.  Charles Osgood, ‘Killer earthworms” Audubon, March 2004. Peter Friederici, “Earthwormed over” National Geographic, February 2004. Margaret G. Zackowitz “Attack of the Alien

Earthworms” Orion, November/December 2003. Tom Horton, “The new old growth” The New York Times, October 28, 2003. Anne Minard, “Researchers build a case for

Earthworm’s slimy reputation” Los Angeles Times, September 18, 2003. Eric Slater, story on European earthworms. BioScience, July 2003. Christine Mlot, “The perfect windstorm study” The Wall Street Journal, July 7, 2003. Ellen Byron, “The worm turns: off home turf, it’s

down to no good.” American Profile, Northeast Edition, May 11, 2003. Gayle Goddard-Taylor, “Hunting

our heritage trees” Duluth News Tribune, June 1, 2003. John Myers, “Rising through the ashes” Duluth News Tribune, May 26, 2002. John Myers, “Trees carry centuries in their

branches” St. Paul Pioneer Press, January 19, 2001. Dennis Lien, “1,000-year-old trees could go” Almanac, Twin Cities Public TV (Channel 2), January 19, 2001. Live TV interview with

Eric Eskola and Kathy Wurzer, about the ancient cedars. The Minnesota Daily, October 13, 2000. Seth Woehrle, “Invasion of European

earthworms altering Minnesota forest floor” Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 28, 2000. Norman Berlinger, “A bad case of worms” St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 18, 2000. Dennis Lien, “A new BWCA branches out” The New York Times, May 14, 2000. “Blanketed in felled trees, Minnesota braces for

fires” Newsweek, April 3, 2000. Environment, “Playing the waiting game with a natural

disaster” Minneapolis Star Tribune, Science, March 29, 2000. Tom Meersman, “A blow down and

windfall in the BWCA”

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Minneapolis Star Tribune, July 11, 1999. Tom Meersman, “Scars won’t fade quickly” The Minnesota Daily, October 20, 1998. Minneapolis (AP), “Study: high deer population

hurts some native plants” Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 16, 1998. “High deer population upsetting

ecosystem”

Lists of media venuesRadio

Minnesota Public Radio Mid-Morning call in shows, Daily Circuit, Morning Edition and Evening Edition news (59 times)

Minnesota News Network and Farm News Network, distributed to 80 commercial radio stations (6 times)

National Public Radio, All Things Considered Grand Marais MN Public Radio, WTIP (3 times) Grand Rapids, MN, KAXE (4 times) Outdoor Talk Radio Network (Pennsylvania) CBC Ontario (2 times) CBS Radio Osgood Files WCCO Radio, Minneapolis (4 times)

TV Kare 11 News, Minneapolis NBC affiliate (5 times) KSTP 5 Evening News, Minneapolis ABC affiliate (6 times) Fox 9 News, Twin Cities (5 times) WCCO TV channel 4, Minneapolis CBS affiliate (16 times) Twin Cities Public Television Almanac News Magazine (3 times) WIVB CBS Buffalo, NY

Newspapers and electronic publications ABC News Bloomberg Business Week Boston Globe Capital Times, Madison, WI Climate Progress Climate Wire (2 times) Daily Planet (online newspaper in Minneapolis) The Detroit News Duluth News Tribune (9 times) Farm Progress The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA) Great Lakes Echo The Journal (Downtown Minneapolis, 3 times) La Crosse Tribune Live Science Los Angeles Times Miami Herald Minneapolis Star Tribune (24 times)

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Minnesota Daily (4 times) MinnPost (an online newspaper, 3 times) Minnesota Monitor (an online newspaper) New York Times (3 times) Peninsula Pulse (Door County, WI) Portland Press Herald (Maine) Rochester Post Bulletin (MN, 3 times) Sierra Club North Star Blog, (by Brock Berglund, Aug. 7, 2014) St.Cloud Times (MN, 2 times) St.Paul Pioneer Press (16 times) Timberjay (Ely and Tower, MN, 12 times) Union of Concerned Sientists Guest Blog, Feb. 2015 Wall Street Journal Weather.com (Weather Channel website) West Central Tribune (Wilmar MN) Winona Post (Winona MN)

Magazines Backpacker (5-page feature article, Sept 2007) Canadian Geographic The Growler Lake Superior Magazine Minnesota Monthly (Magazine from MN Public Radio) Minnesota Conservation Volunteer (7 times) Minnesota (University of Minnesota Alumni Magazine, 2 times) Momentum (University of Minnesota Institute on Environment) Mother Jones National Geographic Natural History Newsweek (on same page with Marilyn Monroe) New Scientist Oceanography Orion Magazine Parade Magazine Popular Mechanics Woodland (American Forest Foundation)

Books 2010. Paddle North—Canoeing the Boundary Waters-Quetico Wilderness. Greg

Breining, essays and Layne Kennedy, photography. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Chapter VII, pages 79-93, discusses Frelich experiences with wind and fire in the Boundary Waters.

2007. Noah’s Ark 21st Century. Novel, John MacDonald, Curlew Press, Minneapolis. Endorsement by Frelich on back cover.

2006. A Scientists guide to talking with the media—practical advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Richard Hayes and Daniel Grossman, Rutgers University Press. Frelich experiences with the media are discussed on pages, xi, 3, 14 53, and 56.

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2005. Underground—How creatures of mud and dirt shape our world. Yvonne Baskin, Shearwater, Island Press, Washington DC. Chapter IV, pages 58-79, discuss Frelich’s and PhD student Cindy Hale’s earthworm research.

2004. The forest for the trees. Jeff Forester. Minnesota Historical Society Press. Quoted on page 172.

2004. The earth moved—on the remarkable achievements of earthworms. Amy Stewart, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. Chapter, ‘In the Forest’ pages 99-109, discusses earthworm research by Frelich and Hale.

Videos and exhibits Minnesota’s Boreal Forest at Risk: Vanishing Trees and Plants. A collaboration with 10

Botanical artists from Minnesota to portray boreal tree speciesin their natural environment. Will be exhibited in various art galleries throughout the state, accompanied by Frelich lectures during 2011-2015.

Documentation of forest recovery after the Pagami Creek Fire. Collaboration with artist and photographer Regina Flanagan to produce exhibit of time-series photos in the early years after the 2011 fire.

Derecho. Science Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Video and accompanying exhibit in the Hall of Earth Sciences, 2001.

Bell Live! Nature in the city. Video for Middle School use throughout the state of MN, produced by the Bell Museum of Natural History, Minneapolis, MN, 2001.

People and forests. Video produced by St.Louis County Land Department, 2000. Minnesota’s white pines: our vanishing heritage. Video produced by the White Pine

Society, Ely Minnesota, 1997.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Over 260 community presentations given to date; approximately 25 presentations

annually to civic groups such as Master Gardeners, Kiwanis clubs, Rotary clubs, retirement clubs, librairies, public schools, hiking clubs, environmental/green expos, nature centers, corporations (e.g. Boston Scientific, Land-O-Lakes) and environmental NGOs (e.g. MN Conservation Corps, Sierra Club, Conservation Minnesota, Citizens Climate Lobby). Most common topics include: Climate change and forests, Invasive earthworms in forests, Fire and wind in the boreal forest.

2010-2015. Minnesota Boreal Art Project. Science consultant for project by botanical artists to portray changes in Minnesota forests caused by a warming climate.

2010. Award for public involvement in art from Minneapolis Arts Commission, for commissioning ‘Awakening’ a stained glass window in the Loring Park Commuity Center. Award given to Friends of Loring Park, August 2010, and accepted by President Lee Frelich.

1997. Co-designer of the award winning Garden of the Seasons in Downtown Minneapolis, Loring Park (the garden has received Committee on Urban Environment (CUE) and Minnesota Horticultural Society awards).

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONSApproximately 202 invited professional presentations given to date.International

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2015. Frelich, L.E. Disturbances of many types and sizes impact the boreal to temperate forest transition in a warming climate. Invited presentation in the symposium, Forest disturbance dynamics and landscape patterns, Organized by Kalev Jogiste, IUFRO Landscape Ecology Conference, Tartu, Estonia, August 27, 2015.

2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. Impacts of multiple disturbances on species composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Carbon Sequestration of Disturbed and Managed Ecosystems Workshop, Aukštaitija National Park, Lthuania, October 22, 2013.

2013. Anoszko, E., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2013. Impacts of multiple disturbances on tree community composition and biodiversity in the southern boreal forest. Invited Seminar University of Helsinki, Finland, November 29, 2013.

2012. Frelich, L.E., R. Rich and P. Reich. Forest blowdowns: severity, relative susceptibility of tree species and successional paetterns in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Wilderness. Invited presentation, Forest Disturbance Research Network (FDRN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct. 2012.

2012. Frelich, L.E., R. Peterson, M. Dovciak, P. Reich, J. Vucetich, and N. Eisenhauer. Trophic cascades and the temperate-boreal transition in a warming climate. Invited presentation for the Forest Ungulates Research Network (FURN) workshop, Järvselja, Estonia, Oct. 2012.

2011. Frelich, L.E. Effects of invasive earthworms on biogescience processes, Opening presentation for the Symposium, Earthworms in geophysical processes, Canadian Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May.

2009. Frelich, L.E. 400 years of fire and wind in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters. Opening presentation for the Symposium on Boreal Forests and Range of Natural Variability, European Congress of Conservation Biology, Prague, Czech Republic, September.

2001. Frelich, L.E. Canadian old growth: a Science perspective. Keynote address, Canadian Old Growth Conference, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, November.

1997. Frelich, L.E. Neighborhood effects, disturbance and community stability. Invited seminar, Montreal Botanical Garden and University of Quebec at Montreal, December 7.

U.S. 2015. Frelich, L.E., N.A. Fisichelli, N. Eisenahuer, and P.B. Reich. Large ungulates,

landscape dynamics, and forest succession in a changing climate. Invited presentation for the Organized Oral Session: Ungulate overabundance as a driver of above and below ground interactions, organized by Colin Cope (Case Western Reserve University) and Susan Kalisz (University of Tennesee). Ecological Society of America 100th Annual Meeting, August 12, Baltimore MD.

2015. Lee E. Frelich and Rebecca Rom. Effects of copper-sulfide mining on the Boundary Waters Wilderness: The Science. Organized by Save the Boundary Waters, Vermilion Community College, Ely MN, July 21.

2015. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and forests. Steger Summer Institute. Apple Valley MN, June 15.

2015. Frelich, L.E. Future of the boreal forest in a changing climate. Invited presentation at the Door County Climate Change Forum, Sturgeon Bay, WI, May 9.

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2015. Frelich, L.E. Disturbance and succession in the boreal forest: 400 years of fire and wind in northern Minnesota. Invited seminar, Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, March 2.

2014. Frelich, L.E., R. Rich, E. Anoszko, and P. Reich. Testing theories of disturbance in temperate and boreal forests, Invited presentation for the Organized Oral Session by Jill Johnstone and Monica Turner, Ecological Society of America annual meeting, August 13, Sacramento, CA.

2014. Roth, A.M., Lodge, A.G., Frelich, L.E., Reich, P.B. A weedy issue: Shifts in community composition following common buckthorn removal. Upper Midwest Invasive Species Conference. October 2014, Duluth, MN. 

2014. Anoszko, E., Frelich, L.E., and P.B. Reich. Once burned twice shy: multiple fires and wind+fire combinations alter successional patterns in the boreal forest. International Association of Wildland Fire, Association for Fire Ecology, conference on Large Wildland Fires: Social, Political and ecological effects conference. Missoula, MT, May 19-23, 2014.

2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and biome shifts, Invited presentation, Native Tree Society, Durango, CO.

2014. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and the prairie-forest and temperate-boreal forest ecotones, Master Naturalists Annual Conference Keynote, Annandale, MN.

2013. Frelich, L.E. Forests and climate change, St. Croix National Scenic River, St. Croix Falls, WI.

2013. Frelich, L.E. Minnesota Forests at the Crossroads: spruce, maple or savanna?, Minnesota Zoo, Our World Speaker Series, Apple Valley, MN.

2012. Frelich, L.E. Phenological observations. Minnesota Phenology Association annual meeting, keynote presentation.Cloquet Forestry Center, MN.

2012. Frelich, L.E. Oak in the context of climate change, Oak Symposium, keynote presentation, St.John’s University, Collegeville, MN.

2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and forests. Hannover Lecture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, April.

2011. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, invasive species and the priaire-forest border. Adaptive Peaks lecture. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, April.

2010. Frelich, L.E. Ecology of Black Ash, Keynote presentation for 300 people at The Black Ash Symposium, Bemidji, MN.

2010. Frelich, L.E. Opening presentation on climate change and forests of the Public symposium: Moose in a warming world. Part of the 2010 Moose Conference and Workshop, International Falls, MN.

2010. Frelich, L.E. Climate change and invasive species in forests, Luncheon banquet presentation for the Minnesota-Wisconsin Invasive Species Conference for 600 people. St.Paul, MN.

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2010. Frelich, L.E. New frontiers in invasive earthworm research. Plenary presentation at the Midwest Fish and Wildlife conference for ca 800 people, Minneapolis, MN.

2009. Frelich, L.E. Climate change, earthworm invasion, and future of forest and aquatic ecosystems in Minnesota. Rivers and Lakes Conference, Rochester, MN.

2009. Frelich, L.E. Keynote presentation, Climate change and forests at The Gypsy Moth Review, Minneapolis, MN.

2008. Frelich, L.E. Invited presentation at The Climate Change Forum, Ely MN, with Arctic explorer Will Steger, MN Governor Tim Pawlenty, and U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar.

2008. Frelich, L.E. Bennet Memorial Lecture, 400 years of fire and wind in the BWCAW, University of Michigan Biological Station.

2008. Frelich, L.E. Keynote presentation, Forest and climate change, Winter Camper Rendezvous, Ely MN.

2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Frelich, L.E. Presentations on Fire and wind in the boreal forest, Global warming and forests, Earthworms and forests, Hemlock and maple forest dynamics, and Tree mortality and fires, Bureau of Indian Affairs Midwestern Annual Forestry Meetings, various locations.

2007. Frelich, L.E. Presentation on Global warming and forests, to a joint meeting of the Minnesota State House and Senate, Capitol Building, St.Paul.

2007. Frelich, L.E. Global warming and forests, Rochester Community College, with U.S. House Representative Tim Walz and J. Drake Hamilton, Rochester MN.

2006. Frelich, L.E. Invited Seminar, Climate change and invasive species, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI.

2006. Frelich, L.E. Forests and climate change, The Science Museum of Minnesota, with Paul Douglas of WCCO TV and J Drake Hamilton of Fresh Energy.

2005. Frelich, L.E. Invasive earthworms in forests. Keynote talk, Eastern Native Tree Society annual meeting, Holyoke, MA.

2004. Frelich, L.E. Invasive earthworms, Invited seminar Iowa State University, Ames, IA.

2004. Frelich, L.E. Plenary presentation, Disturbance ecology, North American Forest Biology Workshop, Houghton, MI.

2004, 2007. Frelich, L.E. Presentations on Fire and restoration, and Wind and tree mortalty, for ca 800 people, Minnesota Shade Tree Conference, Bethel University, Roseville, MN.

2003. Frelich, L.E. Disturbance and range of natural variability, Society of American Foresters, Buffalo, NY.

PUBLICATIONSTotal of 144 publications (83 peer reviewed articles, 9 books/book chapters, 3 book reviews, 25 F1000 reviews, and 24 other). Publications appear in 40 peer-reviewed journals with 120 coauthors from 15 countries. Top 1% of scientists in the world list, Web of Science, Essential Science Indicators, Ecology and Environment category (2014-2015). Citations (April 2015): Google Scholar, ca 590 per year, career total 5800, H-index 40, 17 publications with >100

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citations; Web of Science, ca 380 per year, career total 3500 (including books), H index 33, nine publications with >100 citations.

Peer-reviewed articles

Fishchelli, N.A., A. Stefanski, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Temperature and leaf nitrogen affect performance of plant species at range overlap. Ecosphere, in press.

Vodde, F., K. Jogiste, J. Engelhart, L.E. Frelich, W.K. Moser, A. Sims, M. Metslaid. 2015. Impact of wind-induced microsites and disturbance severity on tree regeneration patterns: Results from the first post-storm decade. Forest Ecology and Management 348: 174-185.

Roth, A.M., T.J.S. Whitfeld, A.G. Lodge, N. Eisenhauer, L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2015. Invasive earthworms interact with abiotic conditions to influence the invasion of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica). Oecologia 178: 219-230.

Schlaghamersky, J., N. Eisenhauer, and L.E Frelich. 2014. Earthworm invasion alters enchytraied community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America. Applied Soil Ecology 83: 159-169.

Whitfeld, T.J.S., A.M. Roth, A.G. Lodge, N. Eisenhauer, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Resident plant diversity and introduced earthworms have contrasting effects on the success of invasive plants. Biological Invasions 16: 2181-2193.

Frelich, L.E. 2013. “Boreal Biome” Oxford Bibliographies in Ecology. Ed. David Gibson. New York: Oxford University Press, May 2013. http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199830060/obo-9780199830060-0085.xml

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2014. Temperate tree expansion into adjacent boreal forest patches facilitated by warmer temperatures. Ecography 37: 152-161.

Danz, N.P., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and G.J. Niemi. 2013. Abrupt prairie-forest transition across a smooth climate gradient in presettlement Minnesota, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 24: 1129-1140.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2013. Linking direct and indirect pathways mediating earthworms, deer, and understory composition in Great Lakes forests. Biological Invasions 15: 1057-1066.

Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2013. Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate-boreal forests. Landscape Ecology 28: 149-159.

Loss, S.R., R. Hueffmeier, C.M. Hale, G.E. Host, G. Sjerven, and L.E. Frelich. 2013. Earthworm invasions in northern hardwoods forests; a rapid assessment method. Natural Areas Journal 33: 500-509.

Frelich, L.E. and E.J. Ostuno. 2012. Estimating wind speeds of convective storms from tree damage. Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 7: 1-19.

Schlaghamersky, J, and L.E. Frelich. 2012. First records of Parergodrilus heideri (Annelida: “Polychaeta”) from North America. Zootaxa 3498: 81-86.

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Fisichelli, N.A., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Sapling growth responses to warmer temperatures ‘cooled’ by browse pressure. Global Change Biology 18: 3455-3463.

Frelich, L.E., R.O. Peterson, M. Dovciak, P.B. Reich, J.A. Vucetich, and N. Eisenhauer. 2012. Trophic cascades, invasive species, and body-size hierarchies interactively modulate climate change responses of ecotonal temperate-boreal forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society-B 367: 2955-2961.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Leaf litter disappearance in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of tree species and the chemistry and diversity of litter. Ecosystems 15: 913-926.

Reich, P.B., L.E. Frelich, R. Voldseth, P. Bakken, and C. Adair. 2012. Understory diversity in boreal forests is regulated by productivity and its indirect impacts on resource availability and heterogeneity. Journal of Ecology,100: 539-545.

Eisenhauer, N., N.A. Fisichelli, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2012. Interactive effects of global warming and ‘global worming’ on the germination of native and exotic herbaceous plant species. Oikos 121: 1121-1133.

Eisenhauer, N., J. Schlaghamersky, P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. The wave towards a new steady state: effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial functions. Biological Invasions 13: 2191-2196.

Li, G. Y. Liu, L.E. Frelich and S. Sun. 2011. Experimental warming induces degradation of a Tibetan alpine meadowthrough trophic interactions. Journal of Applied Ecology 48: 659-667.

Sun, S. and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Flowering phenology and height growth patterns are associated with maximum plant height, relative growth rate, and stem tissue mass density in herbaceous grassland species. Journal of Ecology 99: 991-1000.

Salk, T.A., L.E. Frelich, S.Sugita, R. Montgomery, R. Calcote and J.B. Ferrari. 2011. Poor recruitment is changing the structure and species composition of an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1998-2006.

Carlson, D.J., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2011. Fine-scale heterogeneity in overstory composition contributes to heterogeneity of wildfire severity in southern boreal forest. Journal of Forest Research 16: 203-214.

Danz, N.P., P.B. Reich,. L.E. Frelich, and G.J. Niemi. 2011. Vegetation controls vary across space and spatial scale in a historic grassland-forest biome boundary. Ecography 32: 402-414.

McGraw, A.M., R. Moen, G. Wilson, A. Edwards, R. Peterson, L. Cornicelli, M. Schrage, L. Frelich, M.Lenarz, and D. Becker. 2010. An Advisory committee process to plan moose management in Minnesota. Alces 46: 189-200.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2010. Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie-forest border of central North America? Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 8: 371-378. DOI: 10.1890/080191.

Heimpel, G.E., L.E. Frelich, D.A. Landis, K.R. Hopper, K. Hoelmer, Z. Sezen, M.K. Asplen, and K. Wu. 2010. European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as part of an extensive

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invasional meltdown in North America. Biological Invasions 12: 2913-2931. Larson, E., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, C.M. Hale, and K. Kipfmueller. 2010. Tree rings detect

earthworm invasions and their effects in northern hardwood forests. Biological Invasions 12: 1053-1066.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and M.E. Bauer. 2009. Coupling high-resolution satellite imagery and field data to predict forest blowdown across a gradient of disturbance severity. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 299-308.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2009. Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2556-2568.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2009. Wilderness conservation in an era of global warming and invasive species: a case study from Minnesota’s Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Natural Areas Journal 29: 385-393.

Galatowitsch, S., Frelich, L.E., and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Regional climate change adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in a midcontinental region of North America. Biological Conservation 142: 2012-2022.

Holdsworth, A., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Litter decomposition in earthworm-invaded northern hardwood forests: role of invasion degree and litter chemistry. Ecoscience 15: 536-544.

Benedict, M.A., and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Site factors and black ash tree-ring growth in northern Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management 255:3489-3493.

Burton, J.I., L.E. Frelich and E.K. Zenner. 2008. Frost crack incidence in northern hardwood forests of the southern boreal north temperate transition zone. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25:133-138.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich, and John Pastor. 2008. Exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability, and native plants: a mesocosm study. Oecologia 155: 509-518.

Peck, J.E., H.M. Hoganson, P.S. Muir, A.R. Ek, and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Using Inventory Projections to evaluate management options for the nontimber forest product of epiphytic moss. Forest Science 54: 185-194.

Peck, J.E. and L.E. Frelich. 2008. Moss harvest truncates the successional development of epiphytic bryophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications, 18: 146-158.

Rich, R.L., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age. Journal of Ecology, 95: 1261-1273.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2007. Effects of earthworm invasion on plant species richness in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology, 21: 997-1008.

Holdsworth, A.R., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2007. Regional extent of an ecosystem engineer: earthworm invasion in northern hardwood forests. Ecological Applications, 17:1666-1677.

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Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Changes in cold-temperate forest understory plant communities in response to invasion by European earthworms. Ecology 87: 1637-1649.

Frelich, L.E., C.M. Hale, S. Scheu, A.Holdsworth, L.Heneghan, P.J. Bohlen, and P.B. Reich. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests. Biological invasions 8: 1235-1245.

Frelich, L.E., M.W. Cornett, and M.A. White. 2005. Controls and reference conditions in forestry: The role of old growth and retrospective studies. Journal of Forestry: 103, 339-344.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Effects of European earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecosystems 8: 911-927.

Hale, C. M., L. E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, U.S.A. Ecological Applications 15: 848-860.

Dovicak, M., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2005. Pathways in old field succession to white pine: seed rain, shade and climate effects. Ecological Monographs 75:363-378.

Weyenberg, S.A, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2004. Logging versus fire: how does disturbance type influence the abundance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) regeneration? Silva Fennica 38:179-194.

Mehta, S., L. E. Frelich, M. T. Jones, and J. Manolis. 2004 . Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS. Ecological Modelling 180: 73-87.

Hale, C. M., L.E. Frelich and P.B. Reich. 2004. Allometric equations for estimation of ash-free dry mass from length measurements for selected European earthworm species (Lumbricidae) in the western Great Lakes region. American Midland Naturalist: 151(1): 179-185.

Dovciak, M., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2003. Seed rain, safe sites, competing vegetation, and soil resources spatially structure white pine regeneration and recruitment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33:1892-1904.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2003. Perspectives on development of definitions and values related to old-growth forests. Environmental Reviews 11: S9-S22.

Frelich, L.E., J-L. Machado, and P.B. Reich. 2003. Fine-scale environmental variation and structure of understorey plant communities in two old-growth pine forests. Journal of Ecology 91: 283-293.

Freidman, S.K., P.B. Reich, and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Multiple scale composition and spatial patterns of the northeastern Minnesota presettlement forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 538-554.

Reich, P.B., P.Bakken, D.Carlson, L.E. Frelich, S.K. Friedman, and D. Grigal. 2001. Influence of logging and fire on boreal forest biodiversity and productivity. Ecology 82: 2731-2748.

Dovciak, M., L.E. Frelich, & P.B. Reich. 2001. Discordance in spatial patterns of white pine (Pinus strobus) size-classes in a patchy near-boreal forest. Journal of Ecology 89: 280-291.

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Cornett, M.W., K.J. Puettmann, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. 2001. Comparing the importance of seedbed and canopy type in the restoration of upland Thuja occidentalis forests of northeastern Minnesota. Restoration Ecology, 9: 386-396.

Cornett, M.W., P.B. Reich, K.J. Puettmann, and L.E. Frelich. 2000. Seedbed and moisture availability determine safe sites for early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) regeneration. American Journal of Botany, 87: 1807-1814.

Cornett, M.W., L.E. Frelich, K.J. Puettmann, and P.B. Reich. 2000. Conservation implications of browsing by Odcoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biological Conservation 93: 359-369.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity and community stability in forests. Ecosystems 2: 151-166.

Romme, W., W. Everham, L.E. Frelich, M. Moritz, and R. Sparks. 1999. Are large infrequent disturbances qualitatively different from small frequent disturbances? Ecosystems 1: 524-534.

Frelich, L.E., and P.B. Reich. 1998. Disturbance severity and threshold responses in the boreal forest. Conservation Ecology [aka Ecology and Society, online]2(2):7. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/art7/

Augustine, D., L.E. Frelich and P.A. Jordan. 1998. Evidence for development of alternative communities in an ungulate grazing system. Ecological Applications 8: 1260-1269.

Augustine, D., and L.E. Frelich. 1998. White-tailed deer impacts on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests. Conservation Biology 12: 995-1004.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich, S. Sugita, M.B. Davis, and S.K. Friedman. 1998. Neighborhood effects in forests: Implications for within stand patch structure and management. Journal of Ecology: 86: 149-162.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1998. A structural alternative to chronosequence analysis for uneven-aged northern hardwood forests. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 6: 347-366.

Tester, J., A. Starfield, and L.E. Frelich. 1997. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests. Biological Conservation 80: 313-324.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the Western Great Lakes Region. Ecoscience 2: 148-158.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1995. Spatial patterns and succession in a Minnesota southern-boreal forest. Ecological Monographs 65:325-346.

Frelich, L.E. 1995. Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement. Natural Areas Journal 15: 157-167.

Frelich, L.E., and L.J. Graumlich. 1994. Age class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:1939-1947.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1994. Disturbance and eastern old growth. Journal of Forestry 92:33-38.

Frelich, L.E., R.R. Calcote, M.B. Davis and J. Pastor. 1993. Patch formation and maintenance in an old growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Ecology 74: 513-527.

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Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1992. Forest-tree growth rates and probability of gap origin--a reply to Clark. Ecology 73: 1124-1128.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. A simulation of landscape dynamics in old-growth northern hardwood forests. Journal of Ecology 79: 223-233.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1991. Natural disturbance regimes in hemlock-hardwood forests of the Upper Great Lakes Region. Ecological Monographs 61:145-164.

Bockheim, J.G., J.E. Leide, and L.E. Frelich. 1989. Red pine growth and chemical composition of foliage and forest floors across a precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:1543-1549.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1989. A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:651-663.

Frelich, L.E., J.G. Bockheim and J.E. Leide. 1989. Historical trends in tree-ring growth and chemistry across an air-quality gradient in Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:113-121

Lorimer, C.G., L.E. Frelich, and E.V. Nordheim. 1988. Estimating gap origin probabilities for canopy trees. Ecology 69:778-785.

Frelich, L.E. and G.L. Martin. 1988. Effects of crown expansion into gaps on evaluation of disturbance intensity in northern hardwood forests. Forest Science 34:530-536.

Frelich, L.E. and C.G. Lorimer. 1985. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA. Biological Conservation 34:99-120.

Lorimer, C.G. and L.E. Frelich. 1984. A simulation of equilibrium diameter distributions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 111:193-199.

Manuscripts—submitted and planned submission in near futureBapikee, C., L.E. Frelich and C. Woodall. 2014. Sugar maple communities across a climate

gradient in the Great Lakes Region.

Frelich, L.E., P.B. Reich and D.W. Peterson. 2015. Fire in Midwestern oak forest ecosystems: an oak restoration and management handbook. Forest Service GTR in press.

Holdsworth, A.R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Obstacles to herb layer recovery in an old-growth fragment of the Big Woods: deer, invasive earthworms, or propagule supply?

Jõgiste, K., H. Korjus, J.A. Stanturf, J. Donis, C.J. Peterson, L.E. Frelich, A. Kangur, K. Köster, V. Marozas, T. Meikar, M. Metslaid, T. Randveer, F. Vodde. Hemi-boreal forest: disturbances and the importance of legacies. Submitted, Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Johnstone, J., M.G. Turner, G. perry, L.E. Frelich, T. Schoennagel, M. Metz, R. Meentenmeyer, B. Harvey, C. Allen, J.F. Franklin, M. Mack, and P. Higuera. Changing disturbance regimes, climate warming and forest resilience. Planned submission: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

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Larson, E.R., K.F. Kipfmueller and L.E. Frelich. The Relative Importance of Climate, Disturbance, and Fire Suppression in Driving Patterns of Succession in Whitebark Pine Communities. Planned submission: Ecological Monographs.

Larson, E.R., T. Wilding, R.M. Hueffmeier, K.F. Kipfmueller, C.M. Hale, L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Invaisve earthworms reduce productivity and amplify drought sensitivity in sugar maple trees of the Great Lakes region. Planned submission: PNAS.

Rich, R., L.E. Frelich, and P.B. Reich. Successional patterns influenced by large-scale blowdown in the southern boreal forest. Planned submission: Ecography.

Salk, T.A., L.E. Frelich, S. Sugita, and R. Montgomery. Tree coring does not affect mortality in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods. Planned submission: Tree ring research.

Books and book chapters

Frelich, L.E., R. Montgomery, and J. Oleksyn. 2015. Northern Temperate Forest. Chapter 3 In, K. Peh, R. Corlett and Y. Bergeron, Editors. Handbook of Forest Ecology, Routledge Press.

Montgomery, R. and L.E. Frelich. 2015. Forest succession and gap dynamics. Chapter 11 In, K. Peh, R. Corlett and Y. Bergeron, Editors. Handbook of Forest Ecology, Routledge Press.

Frelich, L.E. et al. 2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthwrom-free temperate and boreal forests. Pages 35-45 in: P.F. Hendrix, Editor, Biological invasions belowground: earthworms as invasive species. Springer, The Netherlands.

Frelich, L.E. 2002. Forest Dynamics and disturbance regimes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2002. Dynamics of old-growth oak forests. Pages 113-126 in, W.J. McShea and W.H. Healy, editors: The ecology and management of oaks for wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Frelich, L.E. and K.Puettmann. 1999. Restoration Ecology. Pages 498-524 in, M.L Hunter, Jr., Editor, Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 1996. Old growth in the Great Lakes Region. Chapter 11, pages 144-160, in Mary B. Davis, editor: Eastern Old Growth. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, J.B. Ferrari, and L.E. Frelich (Peer reviewed). 1994. Historical Development of alternate communities in a hemlock-hardwood forest in Michigan, USA. Pages 19-39 In: Large-scale Ecology and Conservation Biology. R.May, N.Webb, and P.Edwards, Editors. Blackwell, Oxford, England.

Davis, M.B., S. Sugita, R.R. Calcote, and L.E. Frelich. 1992. Effects of invasion by Tsuga Canadensis on a North American forest ecosystem. Pages 34-44 In: A. Teller, P.Mathy and J.N.R. Jeffers, Editors. Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, New York, USA.

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Book reviews and Post-publication peer reviewsFrelich, L.E. 2010-2015. Faculty of 1000, 25 reviews published to date. Frelich, L.E. 2012. Disturbance at the center of ecology and human lives, book Review of “The

biology of disturbed habitats”, by Lawrence R. Walker, Oxford University Press, 2012. Bioscience 62: 924-925.

Frelich, L.E. 2009. Book review of “The vanishing present: Wisconsin’s changing lands, water, and wildlife”. Edited by D.M. Waller and T.P. Rooney. University of Chicago Press. The Quarterly Review of Biology 84: 293.

Frelich, L.E. 1996. Book review of “The Ecology of Fire”, by R.J. Whelan. Ecoscience 3:244-245.

Other publicationsFrelich L.E. 2015. What will happen to our boreal forests? Peninsula Pulse, Door County WI.

July 17, 1015. Frelich, L.E. 2014. How to become a forest ecologist in only 40 years. Bulletin of the Ecological

Society of America 95: 207-210.Frelich, L.E. 2014. Understanding our changing forests. Minnesota, 113(4), 24-25.Frelich, L.E. and A.R. Ek, J.N. Zobel, and K.M. Paige. 2012. Forest wildlife habitat description

and data for Minnesota species. Staff Paper Series No. 219. Department of Forest Resources, St.Paul, MN.

Bragg, D.C., Frelich, L.E., R.T. Leverett, W. Blozan and D.J. Luthringer. 2011. The sine method: an alternative height measurement technique. USDA Forest Service Research Note SRS-22.

Moen, R., R.A. Peterson, S. Windels, L.E. Frelich, and D.R. Becker, M. Johnson. 2011. Minnesota moose status: progress on Moose Advisory Committee recommendations. NRRI Technical Report NRRI/TR 2011-41.

Galatowitsch, S., L.E. Frelich and L. Phillips-Mao. 2009. Coping with climate change: conservation planning in Minnesota. CURA Reporter 39:3-10. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Frelich, L.E. 2008. Bicknell’s Geranium. Minnesota Conservation Volunteer 71, No. 418, 72-73.Kilgore, M.A, A.R. EK, K.A. Buhr, L.E. Frelich, J.M. Hanowski, C.M. Hibbard, A.O. Finley,

L.C. Rathbun, N.P. Danz, J.W. Lind, and G.J. Niemi. 2005. Minnesota timber harvesting GEIS: An assessment of the first 10 years. Staff Paper Series No. 182. University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources.

Superior National Forest, USDA, Forest Service. 2001. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Fuel Treatments. Frelich wrote much of the Vegetation section of the EIS as a subcontractor with Foster-Wheeler Environmental, Inc.

Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich. 2001. Fire ecology, Forest, boreal, and Forest, temperate (3 articles). Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

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Reich, P.B. and L.E. Frelich. 2001. Temperate deciduous forests. Encyclopedia of Global Change. Macmillan Reference USA, Biology for Students.

Frelich, L.E. 2000. A preliminary ecological assessment of the July 4th blowdown in the BWCAW. A background paper for the USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Range of variability in forest structure for the Northern Superior Uplands. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior National Forest, Minnesota.

Frelich, L.E. 1999. Natural variability of forested ecosystems in northern Minnesota. A background paper for the forest planning process for Superior and Chippewa National Forests, Minnesota.

White Pine Regeneration Strategies Work Group. 1996. Minnesota’s White Pine--Now and for the Future. A Report to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (Written by a group of 14, including L.E. Frelich).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1994. Generic Environmental Impact Statement study on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 500+ pages. (L.E. Frelich co-authored the document as part of the 4-member GEIS core group. The document was peer reviewed).

Frelich, L.E. 1993. Fire policy in the BWCAW: discussion of some ecological issues. BWCA Wilderness News, Autumn 1993: 6-7.

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992a. Forest Wildlife: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 210 pp. (L.E. Frelich provided technical editing and co-authored the document as part of a 5-member study team, document was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992b. Biodiversity: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 111 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document which was peer reviewed).

Jaakko Pöyry Consulting, Inc. 1992c. Global Atmospheric Change: A technical paper for a generic environmental impact statement on timber harvesting and forest management in Minnesota. 30 pp. (L.E. Frelich authored the document).

Frelich, L.E. 1992. Predicting dimensional relationships for Twin Cities shade trees. Miscellaneous publication of the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources.

Frelich, L.E. 1992. The relationship of natural disturbances to white pine stand development. Pages 27-37 In: White Pine Symposium Proceedings: History, Ecology, Policy and Management. Eds. R. A. Stine and M.J. Baughman. St Paul, MN: Department of Forest Resources, College of Natural Resources and Minnesota Extension Service.

Phillips, M. (Editor). 1991. Carbon dioxide budgets in Minnesota and recommendations on reducing net emissions with trees. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, St.Paul, MN, USA. 89 pages. (L.E. Frelich contributed about 12 pages of material on carbons pools of Minnesota and carbon fixation over time by shade trees and forest plantation).

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Frelich, L.E. 1979. Vascular plants of Newport State Park, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Report 100. 34 pp.

REFERENCESEdward A. Johnson. Professor and Director, Kananaskis Field Stations. Department of Biology,

University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. 403-220-3570/220-7635. E-mail: Johnsone@ucalgary.ca

Craig G. Lorimer. Professor. Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706. 608-262-6187. E-mail: clorimer@wisc.edu

Peter B. Reich. Regents Professor and Hubachek Chair in Forest Ecology. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota-St.Paul, MN 55108. 612-624-4270. E-mail: preich@umn.edu.

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