Mastering Mastering CAD/CAMCAD/CAM

Ibrahim ZeidIbrahim Zeid

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONGOALGOALUnderstand and master the nature of CAD/CAM systems, their Understand and master the nature of CAD/CAM systems, their

basicbasicstructure, their use in engineering tasks, and their use to create structure, their use in engineering tasks, and their use to create

geometricgeometricmodels of simple parts.models of simple parts.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Product life cycleProduct life cycle Scope of CAD/CAMScope of CAD/CAM CAD/CAM ApplicationsCAD/CAM Applications Acquiring CAD/CAM SystemsAcquiring CAD/CAM Systems Installing CAD/CAM SystemsInstalling CAD/CAM Systems Becoming familiar with CAD/CAM systemsBecoming familiar with CAD/CAM systems GUIs and GUIs and HelpHelp menus menus Demo partsDemo parts

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CHAPTER 2 – 3D MODELING AND CHAPTER 2 – 3D MODELING AND VIEWINGVIEWINGGOALGOAL

Understand and master the basic concepts of 3D modeling and Understand and master the basic concepts of 3D modeling and viewing,viewing,

the difference between them, the control of modeling via sketch the difference between them, the control of modeling via sketch planes,planes,

and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in geometric and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in geometric modeling.modeling.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Types of geometric modelsTypes of geometric models Coordinate systemsCoordinate systems Sketching and sketch planesSketching and sketch planes Modeling entities and featuresModeling entities and features Modeling operationsModeling operations Modeling strategiesModeling strategies Model viewingModel viewing System modesSystem modes

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CHAPTER 3 – MODELING AIDS AND CHAPTER 3 – MODELING AIDS AND TOOLSTOOLSGOALGOAL

Understand and master modeling aids and manipulations, know Understand and master modeling aids and manipulations, know thethe

available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and learn how and available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and learn how and whenwhen

to use the tools to speed up geometric construction.to use the tools to speed up geometric construction.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Geometric modifiersGeometric modifiers LayersLayers ColorsColors GridsGrids GroupsGroups Entity selectionEntity selection Entity manipulationEntity manipulation Entity editingEntity editing

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CHAPTER 4 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGSCHAPTER 4 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGSGOALGOALUnderstand and master the creation of engineering drawings, their Understand and master the creation of engineering drawings, their

use inuse indesign documentation, their use in manufacturing activities, thedesign documentation, their use in manufacturing activities, theinformation that a drawing stores, and how to avoid over- or under-information that a drawing stores, and how to avoid over- or under-dimensioningdimensioning..

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Engineering drawings (blueprints)Engineering drawings (blueprints) CAD drawingsCAD drawings CAD viewsCAD views Title blockTitle block DimensioningDimensioning TolerancesTolerances Notes and labelsNotes and labels Manufacturing informationManufacturing information

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CHAPTER 5 – CAD/CAM PROGRAMMINGCHAPTER 5 – CAD/CAM PROGRAMMINGGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concepts of object-oriented Understand and master the concepts of object-oriented

programmingprogrammingand their use in parametric design, become familiar with and their use in parametric design, become familiar with

customizingcustomizingCAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of CAD/CAMCAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of CAD/CAMprogrammingprogramming..

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Object definitionObject definition Object creation and useObject creation and use InheritanceInheritance MacrosMacros CAD/CAM API functionsCAD/CAM API functions C++ and OpenGLC++ and OpenGL Java 3DJava 3D

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CHAPTER 6 - CURVESCHAPTER 6 - CURVESGOALGOALUnderstand and master the theory and practice of curves, their Understand and master the theory and practice of curves, their

types,types,parametric formulation, vector analysis, their implementation byparametric formulation, vector analysis, their implementation byCAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric modeling.CAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric modeling.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Geometric modelingGeometric modeling Modeling entitiesModeling entities Curve implicit equationsCurve implicit equations Curve parametric equationsCurve parametric equations Curve propertiesCurve properties Analytic curvesAnalytic curves Synthetic curvesSynthetic curves Curve manipulationsCurve manipulations

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CHAPTER 7 - SURFACESCHAPTER 7 - SURFACESGOALGOALUnderstand and master the theory and practice of surfaces, their Understand and master the theory and practice of surfaces, their

types,types,parametric formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAD parametric formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAD

systems, andsystems, andtheir use in geometric modeling.their use in geometric modeling.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Surfaces and solid modelingSurfaces and solid modeling Surface entitiesSurface entities Extending curves to surfacesExtending curves to surfaces Surface parametric equationsSurface parametric equations Surface propertiesSurface properties Analytic surfacesAnalytic surfaces Parametric surfacesParametric surfaces Surface manipulationsSurface manipulations

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CHAPTER 8 - NURBSCHAPTER 8 - NURBSGOALGOALUnderstand and master the theory and practice of NURBS curves Understand and master the theory and practice of NURBS curves

andandsurfaces, their formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAM surfaces, their formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAM

systems,systems,and the advantages of their use in geometric modeling.and the advantages of their use in geometric modeling.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: NURBS modelingNURBS modeling NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights)NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights) NURBS curvesNURBS curves NURBS linesNURBS lines NURBS arcs and circlesNURBS arcs and circles NURBS surfacesNURBS surfaces NURBS bilinear surfaceNURBS bilinear surface NURBS ruled surfaceNURBS ruled surface

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CHAPTER 9 - INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 9 - INTRODUCTIONGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concepts of solid modeling, the use ofUnderstand and master the concepts of solid modeling, the use ofprimitives in geometric modeling, the basics of Boolean primitives in geometric modeling, the basics of Boolean

operations, andoperations, andthe representation schemes of solids.the representation schemes of solids.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Geometry and topologyGeometry and topology PrimitivesPrimitives Primitives’ manipulationPrimitives’ manipulation Regularized setsRegularized sets Set membership classificationSet membership classification Constructive solid geometry (CSG)Constructive solid geometry (CSG) Boundary representation (B-rep)Boundary representation (B-rep) SweepsSweeps

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CHAPTER 10 - INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 10 - INTRODUCTIONGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concept of features and their use in Understand and master the concept of features and their use in

geometricgeometricmodeling; the basics of parametrics, relations, and constraints; modeling; the basics of parametrics, relations, and constraints;

and the useand the useof parametrics and relations in “what-if” design questions.of parametrics and relations in “what-if” design questions.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Features and primitivesFeatures and primitives Feature entitiesFeature entities 3D sketching3D sketching Feature representationFeature representation Creating featuresCreating features ParametricsParametrics Relations and constraintsRelations and constraints Feature manipulationsFeature manipulations

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CHAPTER 11 – GRAPHICS DISPLAYCHAPTER 11 – GRAPHICS DISPLAYGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concept of raster displays, the types of Understand and master the concept of raster displays, the types of

displaydisplaymonitors (including the digital flat panel displays), and the monitors (including the digital flat panel displays), and the

parameters ofparameters ofthese displays.these displays.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Impact of displays on CAD modelsImpact of displays on CAD models CRTsCRTs Flat screen CRTsFlat screen CRTs Flat panel displaysFlat panel displays LCDsLCDs Digital flat panel displaysDigital flat panel displays Comparing displaysComparing displays SpecificationsSpecifications

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CHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONSCHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONSGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concepts of geometric transformations, Understand and master the concepts of geometric transformations,

theirtheirtypes, their use in geometric modeling, how they speed up the creation types, their use in geometric modeling, how they speed up the creation

ofofCAD models, and how CAD systems use them to create views andCAD models, and how CAD systems use them to create views andengineering drawings.engineering drawings.OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Need for geometric transformationsNeed for geometric transformations Translation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and reflectionTranslation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and reflection Homogeneous transformationsHomogeneous transformations Concatenated transformationsConcatenated transformations Inverse transformationsInverse transformations Projections of geometric modelsProjections of geometric models Orthographic projectionsOrthographic projections Perspective projectionsPerspective projections

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CHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATIONCHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATIONGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concepts of rendering and Understand and master the concepts of rendering and

visualization andvisualization andtheir importance to geometric modeling, and understand the their importance to geometric modeling, and understand the

relatedrelatedalgorithms.algorithms.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Need for renderingNeed for rendering Model cleanupModel cleanup Hidden line removalHidden line removal Hidden surface removalHidden surface removal Hidden solid removalHidden solid removal Visualization algorithmsVisualization algorithms ShadingShading ColorsColors

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CHAPTER 14 – COMPUTER ANIMATIONCHAPTER 14 – COMPUTER ANIMATIONGOALGOALUnderstand and master the concepts of motion and animation Understand and master the concepts of motion and animation

and theirand theirimportance to geometric modeling, and understand the related importance to geometric modeling, and understand the related

algorithms.algorithms.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Need for motion and animationNeed for motion and animation Computer animationComputer animation Frame-buffer animationFrame-buffer animation Real-time playbackReal-time playback Keyframe techniqueKeyframe technique Simulation approachSimulation approach Animation-related problemsAnimation-related problems Animation of articulated bodiesAnimation of articulated bodies

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CHAPTER 15 – MASS PROPERTIESCHAPTER 15 – MASS PROPERTIESGOALGOALUnderstand and master geometric and mass properties, how to Understand and master geometric and mass properties, how to

calculatecalculatethem, the concept of numerical integration, and how to use CAD them, the concept of numerical integration, and how to use CAD

systemssystemsto calculate mass properties.to calculate mass properties.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Importance of mass properties in CAD designImportance of mass properties in CAD design Calculate curve and contour lengthsCalculate curve and contour lengths Calculate areasCalculate areas Calculate volumesCalculate volumes Calculate centroidsCalculate centroids Calculate inertia propertiesCalculate inertia properties Use Gauss quadratureUse Gauss quadrature Use mass properties in part designUse mass properties in part design

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CHAPTER 16 – ASSEMBLY MODELINGCHAPTER 16 – ASSEMBLY MODELINGGOALGOALUnderstand and master assemblies, the different approaches to Understand and master assemblies, the different approaches to

creatingcreatingthen, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD systems to create then, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD systems to create

assemblyassemblymodels.models.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Differences between part and assembly modelingDifferences between part and assembly modeling Mating conditionsMating conditions Bottom-up assembly modeling approachBottom-up assembly modeling approach Top-down assembly modeling approachTop-down assembly modeling approach WCS and mate methods to assemble partsWCS and mate methods to assemble parts Managing assembliesManaging assemblies Working with subassembliesWorking with subassemblies Assembly analysisAssembly analysis

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CHAPTER 17 – FINITE ELEMENT CHAPTER 17 – FINITE ELEMENT METHODMETHODGOALGOAL

Understand finite element modeling and analysis. How to Understand finite element modeling and analysis. How to calculatecalculate

stresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems to help performstresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems to help performFEM/FEA.FEM/FEA.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Why the finite element methodWhy the finite element method Procedure of the finite element methodProcedure of the finite element method FEAFEA FEMFEM Preprocessors: mesh generationPreprocessors: mesh generation Postprocessors: results displayPostprocessors: results display Understanding the resultsUnderstanding the results How CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEAHow CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEA

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CHAPTER 18 – PRODUCT DATA CHAPTER 18 – PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGEEXCHANGEGOALGOAL

Understand data exchange standards including IGES and STEP, Understand data exchange standards including IGES and STEP, howhow

translators work, why we need preprocessors and postprocessors, translators work, why we need preprocessors and postprocessors, andand

how to test translators to ensure the correct data conversion.how to test translators to ensure the correct data conversion.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Necessary evil of CAD/CAM data translationNecessary evil of CAD/CAM data translation Data exchange formatData exchange format IGES standardIGES standard STEP standardSTEP standard ACIS formatACIS format DXF DXF de factode facto standard standard File structure and formatFile structure and format Testing and verificationTesting and verification

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CHAPTER 19 – COLLABORATIVE DESIGNCHAPTER 19 – COLLABORATIVE DESIGNGOALGOALUnderstand the difference between traditional and collaborative Understand the difference between traditional and collaborative

design,design,become familiar with collaborative design concepts, understand itsbecome familiar with collaborative design concepts, understand itsrequirements, and know what tools are needed to perform requirements, and know what tools are needed to perform

collaborativecollaborativedesign.design.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Synchronous and asynchronous communicationSynchronous and asynchronous communication Distributed computing modelDistributed computing model Instant messagingInstant messaging Virtual realityVirtual reality Collaborative design principlesCollaborative design principles Collaboration approachesCollaboration approaches Collaboration toolsCollaboration tools Collaborative design softwareCollaborative design software

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CHAPTER 20 – ENGINEERING CHAPTER 20 – ENGINEERING TOLERANCESTOLERANCESGOALGOAL

Understand the importance and role of tolerances in manufacturing, Understand the importance and role of tolerances in manufacturing, thethe

different types of tolerances, part inspection and its relation to different types of tolerances, part inspection and its relation to tolerances,tolerances,

and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Tolerance concepts: limits and fits, accumulation, cost, and qualityTolerance concepts: limits and fits, accumulation, cost, and quality Conventional tolerancesConventional tolerances Geometric tolerancesGeometric tolerances DatumsDatums ANSI GD&T Y14.5M standardsANSI GD&T Y14.5M standards Inspection gagesInspection gages Tolerance stackup analysisTolerance stackup analysis Tolerance synthesisTolerance synthesis

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CHAPTER 21 – PROCESS PLANNINGCHAPTER 21 – PROCESS PLANNINGGOALGOALUnderstand the interface between design and manufacturing and Understand the interface between design and manufacturing and

betweenbetweenCAD and CAM, the importance of process planning, the basics of CAD and CAM, the importance of process planning, the basics of

CAPP,CAPP,and the benefits of CAPP.and the benefits of CAPP.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Manual process planningManual process planning Essentials of CAPPEssentials of CAPP Input and output of CAPP systemsInput and output of CAPP systems CAPP modelsCAPP models Architecture of CAPP systemsArchitecture of CAPP systems CAPP approaches: variant, generative, and hybridCAPP approaches: variant, generative, and hybrid CAPP benefitsCAPP benefits CAPP softwareCAPP software

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CHAPTER 22 – PART PROGRAMMINGCHAPTER 22 – PART PROGRAMMINGGOALGOALUnderstand the basics of machine tools and their programming. PartUnderstand the basics of machine tools and their programming. Partprogramming an its basics, the fundamentals of coding languages andprogramming an its basics, the fundamentals of coding languages andstructure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for generating and structure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for generating and

verifyingverifyingtoolpaths.toolpaths.OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: Importance of part programmingImportance of part programming Working at the interface between CAF and CAMWorking at the interface between CAF and CAM CAM requirements of CAD dataCAM requirements of CAD data Fundamentals of machine tools: axes radius programming, and tool Fundamentals of machine tools: axes radius programming, and tool

offsetsoffsets APT programming: geometric and motion statementsAPT programming: geometric and motion statements Toolpath generationToolpath generation Toolpath verificationToolpath verification

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CHAPTER 23 – PRODUCT LIFECYCLE CHAPTER 23 – PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTGOALGOAL

Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies to implement, Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies to implement, what awhat a

PLM system offers, what PDM is and its relationship to PLM, and PLM system offers, what PDM is and its relationship to PLM, and analyzeanalyze

some PLM and PDM case studies.some PLM and PDM case studies.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following

concepts:concepts: The current engineering and design practiceThe current engineering and design practice Types of product informationTypes of product information PLM goalPLM goal PLM benefitsPLM benefits PLM systemsPLM systems PLM enabling technologiesPLM enabling technologies PDMPDM Case studies of implementing PLM and PDMCase studies of implementing PLM and PDM