Lectures: 40 ECTS: 4 HISTORY OF BELARUS · Technologies of creation of text documents and graphics....

Lectures: 40 Practical training: 28 Laboratory classes: 0

HISTORY OF BELARUS ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) The senior teacher of department of history of Belarus of new and newest time of historical faculty Kuznetsova A.V.

Goal

Formation of social and personal skills of students to ensure their personal self-determination in the value system, developed in the historical development of the Belarusian people and the establishment of a independent Belarusian state, and education on this basis of feeling of participation with destiny of the country and its history

Content

Ethnogeny of Slavs and ethno-cultural processes of eastern Slavdom. The place of the Polotskoye and Turovskoye principalities in the system of the Old Russian states. The specific of their cooperation with the European and Eastern civilization. The formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a Lithuanian-Belarusian state. Consolidation of the Belarusian ethnos. Political and economical development of Belarus in the period of the Rech Pospolita. The ways of development of Belarus in the period of the Russian state. The main stages of formation and development of the Belarusian soviet state system. Formation of the independent Republic of Belarus and its contemporary development

Teaching methods Lectures, seminars

Literature (in Russian)

1. Brigadin P.I. History of Belarus in the context of European history: a course of lectures. – Mn., 2007.

2. The Great Patriotic War the Soviet people (in the context of the Second World War). Textbook. Ed. A.A. Kovalenya, N.S. Stashkevich. – Mn., 2004.

3. History of Belarus in the contest of the European Civilization. Mn., 2005.

4. History of Belarus. Textbook. At 2 parts P.2. Ed. Y.I. Treschenka. – Mogilev, 2005.

5. Kovkel I.I., Yarmusik E.S. History of Belarus from ancient times to our time. – Mn., 2003.

6. Kotov A.I. History of Belarus and the world civilization. – Mn., 2006. Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for First-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” and "Bioecology"


FOREIGN LANGUAGE ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of English language of natural-science faculties, department of German language, department of Romance languages

Goal

Associated communicative and socio-cultural development of the individual student's foreign language means to prepare communication in various spheres of social and professional activities, to use language as a means of self-education and integration into the cultural values of other nations

Content

The main types of word-formation. Grammar skills, providing adequate understanding of communication in different situations; the specifics of grammar characteristic for an academic (professional) speech. Special vocabulary for academic purposes. Dialogue and monologue with the use of the most common and relatively simple vocabulary and grammar structures in the main communicative situations of formal and informal character. Understanding of dialogic and monologist speech in everyday and professional communication. Sphere of social dialogue: habitation, a food, health, consumer services. Sphere of sociopolitical dialogue: a state system, the citizen and a society, religion, economy, a policy. Sphere of informative activity: the person and the nature, a world card. Sphere of welfare dialogue: rest and leisure, entertainments, culture. Sphere of the international contacts. Sphere of is professional-labour dialogue: formation, trade, science, speciality and specialisation.

Teaching methods Practical lessons Form of students reporting

Tests, examination

Recommended for First-year and second-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” and "Bioecology"


INORGANIC CHEMISTRY ECTS: 7 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Candidate of chemical sciences, professor of the department general chemistry and methods of teaching chemistry of chemical faculty Shimanovich I.E.; candidate of chemical sciences, assistant professor of the department general chemistry and methods of teaching chemistry of chemical faculty Hvalyuk V.N.

Goal

Study of knowledge of the basic laws and the regularities of chemistry, structure of matter, the nature of chemical bonds, the percolation of various chemical processes, as well as the actual material on the basic elements of chemistry

Content

Introduction. The basic concepts of chemistry. The basic stoichiometric laws. The major classes and the nomenclature of inorganic substances. Doctrine development about an atom structure. A structure of electronic shells of atoms. Periodic system of elements as the form of reflexion of the periodic law. Periodicity of properties of chemical elements. The basic types of a chemical bond. The covalent chemical bond. Properties of covalent bond. Geometry of structures with covalent type of bond. Bases of a method molecular orbitals. Ionic and metal bonds. A substance structure in the condensed condition. Hydrogen bond. A crystal, liquid and amorphous structure of substances. Chemical reactions. Speed of chemical reactions. Chemical balance. Photochemical and chain reactions. Solutions. Dissolution as physical and chemical process. Weak and strong electrolits. Oxidation-reduction processes. Complexex. Hydrogen and elements VIIА of group. Elements of VIА group. Elements of VА group. Elements of IVА group. The general review of metals. Metals of A-groups. Transitive elements (metals of B groups).

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory works


1. Shimanovich I.E., P. ML, Tikavy V.F., Malashko P.M. General Chemistry in the formulas, definitions, diagrams. – Mn.: «Universitetskoje», 1996.

2. Glinka N.L. General Chemistry. – L.: Chemistry, 1983-1985, 2002. 3. Akhmetov N.S. General and Inorganic Chemistry. – M.: Vysh.

schkola, 1998-2004. 4. Suvorov A.V., Nikol'skii A.B. General Chemistry. – Spb.: Chemistry,

1994, 2002.

Form of students reporting

Examination



ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of pedagogical sciences, assistant professor of the department analytical chemistry of chemical faculty Apostоl N.A.

Goal Study of fundamental laws and methods of analytical chemistry (chemical, physicо-chemical and physical methods of analysis)

Content

Introduction. Metrological basis of chemical analysis. Methods of sampling and sample preparation of the main objects of analysis. Methods for detection and identification. Acid-base balance. The equilibrium with reactions involving complexation. Equilibrium with the redox reactions. Equilibrium sediment-solution. Methods of separation and concentration. Methods of quantitative analysis. Gravimetric methods of analysis. Titrimetric methods of analysis. Physico-chemical and physical methods of analysis. Electrochemical methods of analysis. Optical methods of analysis. Chromatography.



1. Bases of analytical chemistry: In 2 books. / Under U.A. Zolotov. – М: Vysh. schkola, 1996.

2. Vasilev V.P. Analytical chemistry: In 2 parts. – М: Vysh. schkola, 1989.

3. Pilipenko A.T., Pjatnitsky I.V. Analytical chemistry: In 2 books. – М: Chemistry, 1990.

4. Mechkovsky S.A. Аnalytical chemistry. – Mn.: «Universitetskoje», 1991.


Test



НIGHER MATHEMATICS ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Candidate of physical and nathematical sciences, associate professor of department of general mathematics and informatics, faculty of mathematics and mechanics Kepchik N.V., candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor of department of general mathematics and informatics, faculty of mathematics and mechanics Prokasheva V.A.

Goal Study of the basic concepts and methods of linear algebra, analytic geometry, mathematical analysis, probability theory and mathematical statistics

Content

Introduction. Algebra and analytic geometry. Complex numbers. Determinants and matrices. The equations of linear systems. The method of coordinates. Straight line on the plane. Mathematical analysis. Functions and limits. Derivatives and differentials. Indefinite integral. Definite integral. Functions of several variables. Differential equations. Series. Probability theory and mathematical processing of measurement results. Elements of combinatorics. Fundamentals of probability theory. Elements of mathematical statistics. Mathematical methods of processing measurement results.

Teaching methods Lectures, practical lessons


1. Bavrin I.N. Short course of higher mathematics for chemical and biological and medical specialities. – М.: Fizmatlit, 2003.

2. Gmurman V. E. Probability theory and the mathematical statistics. – M.: Vysh. schkola, 1999.

3. Husak A.A. Higher mathematics. – М.: TetraSistems, 2001. 4. Grosman С., Turner Dzh. Mathematics for biologists. – M.: Vysh.

schkola, 1983. 5. Kudryavtseva V.A, Demidovich B.P. Short course of higher

mathematics. – М.: Science, 1985. Form of students reporting

Test, examination



BASICS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ECTS: 5 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor of department of intellectual systems faculty of radiophysics and electronics Kalatskaya L.V.; candidate of physical and chemical sciences, associate professor of department of intellectual systems faculty of radiophysics and electronics Kozlova E.I.

Goal

Formation of complete representation about the information, information processes, systems and technologies, their place and a role in functioning and evolution of biological systems, development of skills of use of information and communication computer technologies and networks in biological and ecological applications

Content

Introduction. Hardware and software information. Hardware of informatization. General characteristics of the PC software. Information technologies data processing and modeling in biology and ecology. Technologies of creation of text documents and graphics. Presentation technology. Computer data processing technology and mathematical modeling. Elements of mathematical modeling and analysis methods in biology. Information storage in a structured way. Communications technology and computer networks. The world computer network Internet



1. Information: lectures / L.V. Kalatskaya, S.V. Bugа. – Mn.: BSU, 2003. 2. Computer science: a workshop / L.V. Kalatskaya, V.A. Novikov, E.V.

Galushko – Mn.: BSU, 2005. 3. Computer technology in mathematical modeling calculations / U.V.

Vasylkiv, N.N. Vasilkova. – M.: Finances and Statistics, 2004. 4. Internet: User Handbook / V.P. Diakonov. – M.: Solon-R, 2002.


Examination



HUMAN ANATOMY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of department of human and animal physiology A.V. Sidorov

Goal To give representation of human body structure

Content

Introduction: subject and object of human anatomy, brief history, categories, anatomical nomenclature, tissue concept. Osteology. Arthrology. Myology: general and particular. Splanhnology: digestive system, respiratory system, urogenital apparatus, endocrine system. Angiology: cardiovascular system, organs of blood formation and immune system. Neurology: general overview of the nervous system, spinal cord, brain, conduction tracts of the brain and spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system. Sense organs: organ of vision, organ of hearing and equilibrium, olfactory organ, gustatory organ; skin coverings.

Teaching methods Lectures, practicals, colloquiums, computer testing

Literature

1. Van De Graaff K.M. Human Anatomy. 6-th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002.

2. Shier D., Lewis R., Butler J. Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 11-th ed. McGraw-Hill Science, 2006.

3. Netter F.H. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 4-th ed. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2006.

4. Feneis H., Dauber W. Pocket atlas of human anatomy. 4-th ed. Stuttgart, New York: Thieme, 2000.


Examination



ALGOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological science, the associate professor of the department of botany Stefanovich A.I.; Candidate of biological science, the associate professor of the department of botany Khramtsov A.K.

Goal To give representation about biology, ecologies, systematization, phylogeny of seaweed, fungi, fungiform organisms and lichens, their value in the nature and human life

Content

Introduction. A brief sketch of algology and mycology development. Modern classification of algae, fungi, fungi corresponding organisms and lichens. Algae as set of some independent departments photosynthesizing thalloid organisms (Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Crysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta). Thallom organization, structure of cell, propagation, life cycles, ecological groups of algae. General characteristic of fungi and fungi corresponding organisms: vegetative body, cell, propagation, cycles of development, ecological groups, origin. Myxomycota, or slime fungi. Оomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota. Anamorpfic, imperfect, or mitosporic fungi. Lichens, or lichenification fungi. Role of algae, fungi, fungi corresponding organisms and lichens in the nature and a national economy

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches, colloquiums, computer testing.


1. Algology and mycology / A.S.Shukanov [, etc.]. – Mn.: BSU, 2009. 2. Botany: the Rate algology and mycology: the Textbook / Under edition

J.T. Djakov. – М.: Publishing house of the Moscow State University, 2007. 3. Garibova L.V., Lekomtseva S.N. Foundations of mycology:

Morphology and systematization of fungi corresponding organisms. – М.: Company of scientific editions КМК, 2005.

4. Djakov J.T. Introduction to algology and mycology. – М.: Publishing house of the Moscow State University, 2000.

5. A rate of the lowest plants: the Textbook for college students / Under edition of M. Gorlenko. – М.: Vysh. schkola, 1981.

6. Lemeza N.A. Algology and mycology. A practical work: studies. The manual. – Mn.: Vysh. schkola, 2008.

7. Mycology: the basic concepts and terms: the instructional-method. The manual for students of speciality G 1-31 01 01 "Biology", H 1-33 01 01 "Bioecology" and directions G 1-31 01 01-03 "Biotechnology" / A.S. Shukanov, V.D. Poliksenova, A.I. Stefanovich, A.K. Khramtsov. – Mn.: BSU, 2004.

8. Tcherepanova N.P. Systematization of mushrooms: Studies. The manual. –Spb.: Publishing house S.-Peterb. University, 2004.

9. Cherepanova N.P., Tobias A.V. Fungi morphology and duplication. The manual for student of college. – М.: Publishing center "Academy", 2006.


Examination



PLANT MORFOLOGY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological science, the associate professor of the department of botany Sautkina T.A.; candidate of agricultural sciences, head of the department of botany Poliksenova V.D.

Goal

To generate representation about anatomy-morphological and functional features of plant fabrics structure and bodies as result of adaptation to inhabitancy; to give concept about the basic laws morphogenesis during evolution and individual development of plants.

Content

Introduction. A brief sketch of development of morphology as component of botany. Problems of morphology at the present stage, its value as theoretical and applied discipline. The general representation about origin of the higher plants, distinctive features from thallophyte. A structure and a variety of the form of plant cells, their difference from cells of animals. Tissues: anatomy-morphological and functional tissues. Evolution of the form of higher plants body, complication of morphological and anatomic structure, differentiation plant body. Anatomy-morphological structure of vegetative bodies, individual and general laws. Reproductive bodies. Duplication of plants and features of life cycles. The basic laws of generations alternation. A flower as special reproductive body of angiosperm plants. Features of a flowers and inflorescences structure. The characteristic of the processes occuring in a flower, development and structure of seeds and fruits.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches, colloquiums, computer testing.


1. Vasilev A.E. Botany. Anatomy and morphology of plants / A.E. Vasilev, etc. – М.: Education, 1978; ed. 2, 1988.

2. Tutajuk V.H. Anatomy and morphology of plants / V.H. Tutajuk. – М.: Vysh. schkola, 1980.

3. Kursanov L.I. Botany. Т. 1. Anatomy and morphology of plants / L.I. Kursanov, etc. – М.: Education, 1966.

4. Lotova L.I. Morphology and anatomy of the higher plants / L.I. Lotova. – М.: Editirnaya URSS, 2000.

5. Sautkina T.A. Morphology of plants. A rate of lectures. P. 1 / T.A. Sautkina, V.D. Poliksenova. – Mn.: Publishing house BGU, 2004; P. 2. 2005.

6. Bavtuto G.A. Botany. Morphology and anatomy of plants / G.A.Bavtuto, V.M. Eremin. – Mn.: Vysh. schkola, 1997; ed. 2.

7. Jakovlev G.P. Botany / G.P. Jakovlev, V.A. Chelombitko. – SPb.: Publishing house SPHFA, 2001.


Examination



INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of zoology Meleshko J. E.

Goal

The goal is giving an estimate of invertebrate animal diversity, traits of organization and peculiarity of functioning of representatives of different systematic groups, including present view of their macro- and submicroscopic structure, spread of animals, formation of specific adaptive features of organization in connection with the variety of environmental surroundings stocked by animals, specific features of individual development of animals (ontogenesis) which are necessary for the understanding of historical development of systematic groups (phylogenesis), ecological niches occupied by animals of different groups, for correct understanding of their roles in the natural communities and in the practical activities of man.

Content

Introduction. The Subject of Zoology and its place in the system of biological sciences. Diversity of living systems. Specificity of animal type of organization, its difference from types of organization of fungi and plants. The concept of the system of living organisms. Phylogenetic system. Kingdom Protista – protists. Superphylum Sarcodina (sarcodic). Phylum Rhizopoda, phylum Foraminifera, phylum Actinopoda. Superphylum Mastigophora (flagellates). Types of flagellates with a plant-like (Chlorophyta, Chrysomonada, Euglenozoa) and an animal-like type of metabolism (Choanoflagellida, Kinetoplastida, Diplomonadida, Hypermastigida, etc.). Phylum Apicomplexa (Apicomplexa). Phylum Cnidosporidia (Cnidosporidia). Phylum Microsporidia (Microsporidia). Phylum Ciliophora (Infusoria, or ciliates). Kingdom Animalia – multicellular animals. Subkingdom Phagocytellozoa (lower multicellular). Phylum Placozoa (Lamellosa). Subkingdom Parazoa (Parazoa). Phylum Spongia (Sponges). Subkingdom Eumetazoa (True multicellular). Phylum Coelenterata (coelenterates). Type macrosystem: Meduzozoa and Ameduzozoa. Class Hydrozoa. Classes Scyphozoa, Cubozoa. Class Anthozoa. Phylum Ctenophora (jelly-fishes). The traits of organization level for Triploblastica - Bilateria. Evolutionary possibilities connected with a three-layer structure. Phylum Plathelminthes (flatworms). Type structure: Turbellaria, Monogenoidea, Cestoda, Cestodaria, Trematoda, Aspidogastrea. Phylum Gastrotricha. Phylum Nematoda (Pseudocoelomata, or roundworms). Phylum Rotatoria (rotifers). Phylum Acanthocephala (proboscis worms). Phylum Cephalorhyncha (Cephalorhyncha). Ecology, habitats and diversity of representatives. Classes Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Gordiacea, Loricifera. Phylum Nemertini. Unsystematic group of phyla Coelomata as a structural level of organization. Structure and diversity of multicellular organisms – representatives of Coelomata. Phylum Annelida (Annelidas). Classes Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea. Hyposegmented annelids – a group of Archiannelida. Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods). Subphylum Trilobitomorpha. Class Trilobita. Subphylum Chelicerata. Class Xiphosura. Class Arachnida. Unsystematic group of Mandibulata. Structure and arguments for group separation. Subtype Branchiata. Class Crustacea. Subtype Antennata (=Tracheata). Superclass Myriapoda. Superclass Insecta (=Hexapoda). Phylum Onychophora (Onychophora).

Phylum Mollusca (mollusks). Subphyla Amphineura and Conchifera. Predominants of the representatives of the subphyla. Classes Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. The problem of metamerism and hypotheses for phylogenetic connections of mollusks. Group of phyla Trochozoa. Phyla Echiurida and Sipunculida. Phylum Tentaculata (Tentaculata). Type macrosystem. Classes Bryozoa, Phoronida, Brachiopoda. The present view of phylogenesis and classification: group of phyla Lophophorata. Class Bryozoa. Class Brachiopoda. Class Phoronida. Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms). Type of macrosystem: subphyla Eleuterozoa and Pelmatozoa. Classes Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, Crinoidea. Phylum Hemichordata. General review of the system of invertebrate animals. The main levels of organization of Eumetazoa. Comparative analysis of organization of Scolecida, Trochozoa and Deuterostomia. Hypotheses for the phylogenesis of main groups of Metazoa. Relationships between the invertebrate animals and the chordate animals. The main stages of Zoology development.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory lessons, colloquiums.


1. Dogel V. A. Invertebrate Zoology. – М: Vysshaya shkola, publ. 6th, 1975; Publ. 7th, 1981.

2. Sharova I. H. Invertebrate Zoology. Sharova. – М.: Vlados. 1999. 3. Natali V. F. Invertebrate Zoology. М: Prosveschenie. 1975. 4. Shalapenok E. S., Buga S. V. Laboratory Course on Invertebrate

Zoology. – Mn.: Novoe Znanie. 2002. 5. Tihomirov I. A., Dobrovolsky A. А, Granovich A. I. A Short

Laboratory Course on Invertebrate Zoology. – М.; SPb.: КМК. P. 1. 2005.

6. Lopatin I. K. General Zoology. Mn.: Vyshejshaja shkola. 1983. 7. Animal Life / Under the editorship of L. A. Zenkevich. – М:

Prosveschenie, V. 1-3. 1988. 8. Hadorn A., Vener R. General Zoology. – М: Mir. 1989. 9. Green N., Stout U., Taylor D. Biology / – М.: Mir. V. 1 – 3. 1990. 10. Shmidt-Nielsen K. Animal Physiology. – M.: Mir. V. 1-2. 1982. 11. Protists: Guide For Zoology. – SPb.: Nauka, P. 1. 2000. 12. Barns R., Kejlou P., Oliv P., Golding D. Invertebrates. – М: Mir.

1992. 13. Lopatin I. K. Functional Zoology. – М.: Vyshejshaja shkola. 2002. 14. Griffin D., Novik E. Living Organism. – М.: Mir. 1973. 15. Hausman K. Protozoology. – М: Mir. 1988. 16. Plavilschikov N. N. Essays on the History of Zoology. – М:

Uchpedgiz. 1941. 17. Kozlov M. A. Living Organisms – Human Companions. – М:

Prosveschenie.1975. 18. Shalapenok E. S. The Fundamentals of General Parasitology (course

of lectures). Mn.: BSU. 2001. Form of students reporting

Examination



CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of genetics department Glushen S.V.; Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of genetics department of Grinev V.V.

Goal Form a system of knowledge about the structure, functioning and reproduction of eukaryotic cells, as well as give an idea of the main groups of human and animal tissue

Content

History of histology and cytology, cell theory. Microscopy in the study of cells and tissues. Chemical composition, ultrastructure and function of cytoplasmic organelles: plasma membrane, cytoplasmic networks, canalicular apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes, secretory vesicles and granules, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, and inclusions. Cytoskeleton and its derivatives. Structure and function of the cell nucleus. Cell cycle, mitosis and apoptosis. Meiosis and fertilization. Stem cells and differon. Histophysiology and classification of epithelial and connective tissue, blood, muscle and nervous tissue. Patterns of development and regeneration of tissues. Role of cytology and histology to science and the economy

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes, workshops, computer testing


1. Afanas'ev Yu. Histology, cytology and embryology. – M.: Medicine, 2004.

2. Volkova O.V. Histology, cytology and embryology. Atlas. – M.: Medicine, 1996.

3. Glush S. Cytology and Histology. – Mn.: BSU, 2003. 4. Ulumbekov E.G., Chelyshev Yu. Histology. – M.: GEOTAR

Medicine, 2001. 5. Chentsov Y.S. Introduction to cell biology. – M.: Akademkniga, 2004.


Examination



LATIN LANGUAGE ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of classical philology of philological faculty Goal Formation the ability to freely use the professional Latin terminology

Content

Phonetics. Pronunciation of vowels, consonants, vowels and consonant combinations. Longitude and brevity of the syllable. Terms of stress. Finite terminoelementy with a long vowel in the second syllable from the end. Final terminoelementy with short vowels in the second syllable from the end. Grammar. Grammatical categories of nouns, vocabulary forms of nouns, declension of nouns, I - V declination. Non-consensual definition. Grammatical categories of adjectives, dictionary form of adjectives I, II, III declinations. Declension of adjectives, declension of participles modeled adjectives, and inducing the formation of comparative and superlative. Harmonization of definitions. Prepositions with Accusativus, Ablativus, with Accusativus and Ablativus. Translation prepositional constructions. Word and terminoobrazovanie. The concept of terminoelementah. Initial and final terminoelementy (Greek and Latin). Greek and Latin numerals (from 1 to 10) in the role of consoles. Greek and termination terminoelementy. Greek and Latin suffixes. Registration of the Latin terminology of chemical (chemical elements, acids, salts, oxides). Critical frequency segments with complex orthography, containing chemical information (aeth, meth, phen, benz, nydr, oxy, phosph, phtor, thi, ye).

Teaching methods Practical lessons


1. Cisyk A.Z., Shevchenko G.I. Janua in linguam Latinam et terminologiam biologicam. The door to the Latin language and biological terminology. – Mn., 1999.

2. Filippovich Z.M. Latin language (for students of biology faculty). – Kyiv, 1978.

3. Radkevich V.A. Biological terminology and nomenclature: Dictionary of Russian-Belarusian-Latin, Belarusian-Russian. – Mn., 1993.


Test



FUNCTIONAL ZOOLOGY (Special Discipline and Selected Courses I)

ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of zoology Buga S. V., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of zoology Nesterova O. L.

Goal

The goal is giving an estimate of the main processes that take place in animal bodies and provide their normal existence in the wild and life continuation in their descendants: traits of digestion, respiration, sanguimotion, excretion of animal organisms, embryonic development, monitoring systems and animal behavior; of basic stages and objective laws of animal evolution.

Basic courses Invertebrate zoology.

Content

Introduction. Diversity and unity of organic world. General properties of living beings. Characteristics of animal organisms. Cellular texture as a universal feature of animal organisms. Functions of an animal organism: food and digestion, gas exchange, osmoregulation and excretion, circulation systems in organism, movement, coordination of functions and monitoring systems, reproduction and development, biological cycles, behavior, dispersion. Systematic species diversity. Number of species in phyla and classes.

Teaching methods Lectures


1. Lopatin I. K. Functional Zoology. – Мn.: Vyshejshaja shkola, 2002. 2. Lopatin I. K. General Zoology. – Мn.: Vyshejshaja shkola, 1984. 3. Green N., Staut U., Taylor D. Biology. – М.: Mir, V. 2. 1990. 4. Griffin D., Novik E. Living Organisms. – М.: Mir, 1973. 5. Shmidt-Nielsen K. Animal Physiology. – M.: Mir, 1982.


Test



PROBLEMS OF THEORETICAL PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS

(Special Discipline and Selected Courses I) ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological science, the associate professor of the department of botany Sautkina T.A.; candidate of biological sciences, the associate professor of the department of botany Tikhomirov V.N.

Goal Writing of the most important is not the final decision on the evolutionary and ecological morphology, and systematics of higher plants

Content

Introduction. Major problems of evolutionary and ecological morphology. Relationship theoretical morphology and systematics of higher plants. The origin of angiosperms and their reproductive organ of a flower. Features spores of higher plants: formation, structure, function. The formation and structure of the gametophytes of angiosperms as a prerequisite for acceleration of ontogeny. The concept of the life forms of plants. The history of ideas about life forms, the evolution of life forms and the primary life form angiosperms. Problems of nomenclature in the modern taxonomy of plants. The main provisions and objectives of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. General rules for the nomenclature of different rank taxa.



1. Alexeev E.B. Botanical Nomenclature / E.B. Alekseev, I.A. Gubanov, N.V. Tikhomirov. – M.: MGU, 1989.

2. Jeffrey C. Nomenclature / Ch Jeffrey. – M.: Mir, 1980. 3. Komarov V.L. The origin of plants / V.L. Komarov. – M.: USSR.

1961. 4. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, adopted at the XVI

International Botanical Congress (St. Louis, USA). – Petersburg, 2001. 5. Serebryakov I.G. Ecological morphology of plants / I.G. Serebryakov.

– M.: Vysh. schkola, 1962. 6. Takhtajan A.L. Fundamentals of evolutionary morphology of

angiosperms / A.L. Takhtajan. – M.: Nauka, 1964. 7. Tzvelev N.N. On the primary life form angiosperms. / Problems of

Theoretical morphology and evolution of higher plants. MI - St. Petersburg: Association of Scientific Publications, 2005


Test



PHILOSOPHY ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of philosophy and methodology of science faculty of philosophy and social sciences

Goal To master the basic ideas of the world of philosophical thought, to formulate the skills to understand contemporary issues of spiritual development

Content

Philosophy as a social and cultural phenomenon. Historical types of philosophy. Metaphysics and ontology. Philosophy of nature. Philosophy of consciousness. A problem of the man in philosophy and science. Axiological parameters of life of the man. Knowledge as value of culture and subject of the philosophical analysis. science: its cognitive, social, and cultural status. Society as a subject of philosophical knowledge. Society as a developing system. Philosophical problems of civilization dynamics. Philosophy of culture



1. Introduction to Philosophy / I.T. Frolov (ed.). – M., 1989. 2. Kanke V.А. Philosophy. Historical and Systematic Course. – M., 1997. 3. Spirkin A.G. Philosophy. – M., 1998. 4. Philosophy / V.P. Kohanovsky (ed.). – Rostov-on-Don, 1998.


Examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” and "Bioecology"


SOCIOLOGY ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of sociology of faculty of philosophy and social sciences

Goal Study of basic concepts, structure and functions of social science

Content

The notion of sociology as a science, its subject matter, tasks, functions and structure, concepts and basic laws. The role of sociology in contemporary society, its place in the social sciences. The main stages of formation and development of sociology. Features theoretical and empirical sociology. The concept of sectoral disciplines of sociology


Literature (in Russian) 1. Smelser N. Sociology. – M., 1994. 2. Giddens A. Sociology. – M., 2006.


Test



ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Candidate of chemical sciences, professor of the department organic chemistry chemical faculty Elnitskiy A.P.; candidate of chemical sciences, assistant professor of the department organic chemistry chemical faculty Ilina N.A.

Goal

Understanding the internal logic of organic chemistry as a science, the formation of ideas about the mechanisms of organic reactions, the study of the basic classes of organic compounds, the formation of representations of the relationship of reactivity of organic molecules from their structure

Basic courses Inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry

Content

Introduction. The subject of organic chemistry. The structure of organic compounds. Classification of organic compounds. Basic nomenclature of organic compounds. Isomers of organic compounds. Electronic structure and reactivity of organic compounds. Methods of isolation, purification and identification of organic compounds. Alkanes. Alicyclic hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes). Alkenes. Alkadieny, alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons (arena). Halogenated hydrocarbons. Alcohols, phenols, ethers, thiols, amines. Carbonyl compounds. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Carbohydrates. Gidroksikarbonovye acid. Amino acids. Five-membered heterocycles with one or more heteroatoms. Six-membered heterocycles with one heteroatom.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory works, colloquiums


1. Organic chemistry: textbook for high schools in 2 books. (Ed. N.A. Tyukavkin). – Moscow: Bustard, 2002, 2008.

2. Grandberg I.I. Organic Chemistry. – M.: Bustard, 2001 3. Grandberg I.I. Organic Chemistry. – M.: Vysh. schkola, 1987. 4. Terney A. Modern Organic Chemistry in 2 v. – M., Mir, 1981. 5. Rayls A., Smith K., Ward R. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. –

M.: Mir, 1982 Form of students reporting

Examination



PHYSICS ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Doctor of technical sciences, professor of physics, faculty of radio physics and electronics Sidorenko A.V.; candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor of physics, faculty of radio physics and electronics Yanukovich T.P.

Goal

Generate ideas about principles and laws of physics, to introduce the basic physical phenomena, the methods of observation and experimental research, to form a student certain skills and abilities of experimental work, using modern equipment and information technology

Basic courses Higher mathematics

Content

1. Introduction. Mechanics. Kinematics. The basic laws of dynamics. Rigid body dynamics. Mechanics of liquids and gases. Vibrations. Waves. Molecular physics and thermodynamics. Condition substance. Fundamentals of molecular-kinetic theory of ideal gases. First law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics. Real gases. Liquids. Solids. Constant electric field. The electric field in the presence of semiconductors and dielectrics. Constant electric current. Conductivity. Magnetic field. The field in the material. Alternating electrical current. Electric Waves. Electrical phenomena in biological systems. Absorption and dispersion of light. Wave optics. Thermal radiation and its use in medicine. Luminescence. Photoelectric effect. The structure of the atom and atomic nucleus. The theory of the hydrogen atom. X-rays. Elements of Physics atomic nucleus. Radioactivity.

Teaching methods 2. Lectures, laboratory works, colloquiums


3. Sidorenko A.V. Yanukovich T.P. Physics. – Mn.: BSU, 2004. 4. Trofimova T.I. The course of physics. – M.: Vysh. schkola, 2003. 5. Savel'ev I.V. Course of general physics. In four volumes. – M.:

KnoRus, 2008. 6. Remizov A.N. Medical and biological physics. – M.: High School,

2002. 7. Sidorenko A.V., Sidorenko U.V., Yanukovich T.P. Physics. Workshop.

– Mn.: BSU, 2005. Form of students reporting

Examination



BASICS OF ENERGY SAVING

ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of technical sciences, professor of physics, faculty of radio physics and electronics Sidorenko A.V.

Goal

Preparation of highly qualified specialists, capable of monitoring and energy management, to prevent its loss, to facilitate the creation and implementation of energy-saving technologies, explain personnel methods and means proper use of heat and electricity, substantiating claims for strict observance of technological discipline

Content

Introduction. Basic principles of rational use of energy. Traditional methods of obtaining heat and power. Alternative and renewable energy sources and their development in the Republic of Belarus. Biological energy technologies. Secondary energy resources and their classification. Energy management and domestic energy conservation. Legal and regulatory aspects of energy saving



1. Sidorenko A.V. Energy Conservation. – Mn.: BSU, 2004. 2. Fundamentals of energy. Lecture. Ed. N.G. Hutskoy. – Mn.:

Tehnalogiya, 1999. 3. Pospelova T.G. Basics energy saving. – Mn.: Tekhnoprint., 2000. 4. Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Energy Saving", 1998. 5. Severyanin V.S. Basics energy saving. – Brest, BrestGTU, 1998.


Сredit



PHYSICAL AND COLLOID CHEMISTRY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of chemical sciences, associate professor of the department of physical chemistry chemical faculty Savitsky A.A.

Goal

Learning the basics of chemical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, theories concerning the chemical and phase equilibria, rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and their relationship to electrical phenomena, the theory of dispersion-colloidal systems and surface phenomena at the phase interfaces

Basic courses Inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry analytical chemistry

Content

Chemical thermodynamics. Basic concepts, terminology and postulates of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics and its applications. The fundamental equation of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics of solutions and heterogeneous systems. Chemical equilibrium. Basic concepts and postulates of chemical kinetics. Theories of chemical kinetics. Features of the kinetics of some types. Reactions. Catalysis. The object and purpose of electrochemistry. The theory of electrolyte solutions. Nonequilibrium phenomena in electrolyte solutions. Electrode equilibrium. General characteristics and classification disperse systems. Surface phenomena. Adsorption at the interface. Getting disperse systems and their properties. High-molecular compounds and their solutions.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes


1. Tinoco I., Sauer K., Wang J., Paglisi J. Physical Chemistry (Principles and applications in biological sciences). – M.: Technosphere, 2005.

2. Mushkambarov N.N. Physical and colloid chemistry. – M.: GEOTAR - MED, 2002.

3. Mushkambarov N.N. Elements of mathematics and physical chemistry for biologists. – M.: GEOTAR - MED, 2001.

4. Gorshkov V.I., Kuznetsov I.A. Physical Chemistry. – M.: MSU, 1986 Form of students reporting

Test



SYSTEMATICS OF HIGHER PLANTS

ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Chernik V.V.;сandidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Dzhus M.A.

Goal To give presentation about variety of higher plants, classifications and evolutional development, role in nature, importance in human’s economic activity.

Basic courses Plant morphology

Content

Introduction. Brief history development of higher plants taxonomy, historical periods of its becoming. Types of systems of higher plants: artificial, natural, phylogenetical. Modern methods of investigation and sources of information in higher plants taxonomy. Problem of higher plants origin. Their peculiarities as the adaptation result to live on land. Division into taxa of different ranks. Common characteristic of divisions, classes, subclasses, orders, main families of the world and Belarusian flora. Ecological peculiarities of higher plants, their geographic spreading, role in nature, importance in man’s life and his economical activity. Diversity in Belarusian flora. Protection of plant covering.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory training, control of independent work, computer test.


1. Elenevsky A.G., Solovyova M.L., Tikhomirov V.N. Botany. – M.: Academy, 2000, 2001, 2004.

2. Life of plants. Т. 4 (1978). Т. 5(1), (1980). Т. 5(2), (1981). Т. 6 (1982). – M.: Education.

3. Zubkevich G.I. Systematics of higher plants. Gymnosperms. – Mn.: Belgosuniversitet, 2004.

4. Chernik V.V. The higher spore plants. – Mn.: Belgosuniversitet, 2008. 5. Takhtajan A. Flowering Plants. – Springer, 2009.


Examination, test



VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY ECTS: 5 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological Sciences, associate professor of the department of zoology Burko L. D.

Goal

Giving an estimate of the morphological traits, directions of evolutionary changes of organ systems and the ways of adaptations of vertebrate animals to various ecological conditions, diversity of various systematic groups of vertebrate animals, their biocenotic role, economic usage and main directions of activities of man on the preservation and stable usage of their variety.

Content

Introduction. Subject and problems of the course in Vertebrate Zoology. The main stages of development of Zoology. Historical development of zoological researches in Belarus. Phylum Chordata (chordates), subphylum Tunicata (tunicates, or Urochordata). Subphylum Acrania (acranial). Subphylum Vertebrata (vertebrates). Anamnia. Division Agnatha (jawless animals). Class Cyclostomata (cyclostomes). Division Gnathostomata (gnathostomatous). Superclass Pisces (fishes). Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes). Class Osteichthyes (bone fishes). Superclass Tetrapoda (quadrupeds). Class Amphibia (amphibious, or amphibians). Class Reptilia (reptiles). Class Aves (birds). Class Mammalia (mammals). An essay in the comparative anatomy of Chordata organization.



1. Naumov N.P., Kartashev N.N. Vertebrate Zoology, in 2 books. – M. 1979.

2. Romer А., Parsons T. Vertebrate Anatomy in 2 books. – M. 1992. 3. Konstantinov V.M., Naumov S.P., Shatalov S.P. Vertebrate Zoology.

– M., 2000. 4. Classification of Chordate Animals in 2 parts. – Publ. BSU, 2003. 5. Burko L.D., Grichik V. V. Vertebrate Animals of Belarus. 2005. 6. Burko L.D. Vertebrate Zoology. Course of lectures. 2006. 7. Animal Life. V. IV-VII. М: Prosveschenie. 1984-1987. 8. Zhukov P.I. Fishes of Belarus. – Мn., 1965. 9. Pikulik M.M. Amphibians of Belarus. – Мn., 1985. 10. Pikulik M.M, Baharev V. A., Kosov S. V. Reptiles of Belarus. – Мn.,

1988. 11. Fedjushin A.V., Dolbik M.S. Birds of Belarus. – Мn., 1967. 12. Savitskij B.P., Kuchmel S.V., Burko L.D. Mammals of Belarus. –

Мn.: BSU, 2005. Form of students reporting

Examination



BIOCHEMISTRY ECTS: 7 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of biochemistry Kukulianskaya T. A.; candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of biochemistry Mohoreva S. I.

Goal

To generate at students complete system of knowledge of a chemical compound of live organisms, physical, chemical and biological properties of natural substances, the basic ways of a metabolism, mechanisms of regulation and interrelation of metabolic processes

Basic courses Organic chemistry; physical chemistry

Content

Introduction. History of the biochemistry and relationship with other sciences. Biochemical methods of the researches. Structural biochemistry. Chemical structure, physic-chemical properties and biological activity of basic classes of natural compounds and their complexes: aminoacids, peptides, proteins; enzymes; nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleic acids; carbohydrates; lipids; vitamins. Metabolic biochemistry. Basic pathways of the metabolism and mechanism of regulation. Metabolism of proteins, peptides, aminoacids; nucleic acids; carbohydrates; lipids. Hormonal regulation metabolic process. Energetic of biochemistry process. Integration and regulation of biomolecules metabolism. Biochemical mechanisms of realization of the genetics information. Advanced achievements in the field of biochemistry and perspectives of their use in various areas of an economy, medicine, pharmacy.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory, colloquiums, test

Literature

1. Biochemistry / Ed. E. S. Severin. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. [rus] 2. Komov V. P., Shvedova V. N. Biochemistry. – M.: Drofa, 2004.

[rus] 3. Philippovich Yu. B. Basics of biochemistry. – M.: Nauka, 1999.

[rus] 4. Berezov T. T., Korovkin B. F. Biological chemistry. –M.: Medicine,

1990. [rus] 5. Gilbert, Hiram F. Basic Concepts in Biochemistry. – Paperbach,

1999. Form of students reporting

Examination



PLANT GROWING ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, professor of the department of botany Karpuk V.V., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Sidorova S.G.

Goal To shape a conception about characteristics and regularities, modern technologies of important field crops cultivation

Basic courses Algology and mycology, plant morphology

Content

Introduction. Plant growing as a science and farming industry main branch. Plant growing tasks in the modern period. Main agriculture laws. Field crops classification and grouping. Grain crops (winter grain crops, early and late spring grain crops). Black crops. Technical crops. Root crops and tuber crops. Feed crops. Practical and economic importance, botanical characteristic, biological peculiarities, modern cultivation technologies of main field crops. Protective field crops measures against weeds, diseases and pests

Teaching methods Lectures and computer testing


1. Posipanov G.S. et al. Plant growing. – М.: Коlos, 1997; 2007. 2. Dolgacheva V.S. Plant growing. – М.: «Аcademia», 1999. 3. Badina G.V. Agronomy bases. – S.-Pb.: Аgropromizdat, 1988. 4. Коrenev G.V. Plant growing with selection and seed farming

foundations. – М.: Коlos, 1983. 5. Коrenev G.V. Plant growing. – М.: Коlos, 1999.


Test



GEOBOTANY ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Lemeza N.A., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Thihomirov V.N.

Goal

Formation of the students' perception phytocenotic and vegetation in general as complex biological systems, structure and properties are determined by a close relationship of plants with each other, with other organisms and abiotic environmental factors

Basic courses Plant morphology

Content

Subject, objectives and methods of Geo. The main stages of its development. Characteristics and properties of phytocenoses. Vegetation as a system. Effect of critical environmental factors on the morphogenesis, the distribution of plants in space and time. The relationship between plants in the phytocenosis. The composition and structure phytocenoses. The dynamics of plant communities. Fluctuations, their types. The reasons for fluctuations. Succession of vegetation. Types of succession. Basic model of autogenous succession. Principles of phytocenoses classification and ordination.



1. Walter G. Geobotany. / G. Walter. – M.: Mir, 1982. 2. Goryshina T.K. Ecology of plants. / T.K. Goryshina. – M.: Vysh.

schkola, 1979. 3. Ipatov V.S. Phytocoenology. Textbooks / V.S. Ipatov, L.A. Kirikova. –

St. Petersburg: Izd-vo S.-Petersburg University, 1999. 4. Lemeza N. Tests on geobotany. – Mn., OOO "Yunipress, 2004. 5. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G., Solomeshch A.I. Modern Science of

Vegetation: Textbook. / B.M. Mirkin, L.G. Naumova, A.I. Solomeshch. – M.: Logos, 2001.

6. Rabotnov T.A. Phytocoenology / T.A. Rabotnov. – M.: MGU, 1978, 2 ed., 1983., 3rd ed. 1992.

7. Tikhomirov V.N. Geobotanika: a course of lectures. / V.N. Tikhomirov. – Mn.: BSU, 2006.

8. Shennikov A.P. Introduction to Geobotany / A.P. Shennikov. – L.: LGU, 1984.


Test



BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Assistant of the department of biochemistry Korik E.O.

Goal

To form system conception about diversity of biologicaly active compounds, their physical, chemical and biological properties, the basic ways biologically active compounds of their metabolism and their role regulation of metabolic processes in human and animals

Basic courses Biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry

Content

Introduction. Classification of biologically active compounds. Chemical structure, physic-chemical properties and biological activity of basic classes of natural compounds and their complexes: hormones, aminoacids, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, prostaglandins, antibiotics, enzymes; alkaloids, biogenic indoles, phenols and vitamins. Basic pathways of the metabolism of biologically active compounds and mechanisms of their biological activity. The main principles and approaches of small-scale and industrial synthesis and purification of biologicaly active compounds from natural sources. Applications of biologicaly active compounds in science, medicine, pharmacology, veterinary medicine and as food supplements.



1. Filippovich Y.B. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. – M.: Agar, 1999. 2. Biochemical Pharmacology, Ed. Sergeyev A.S. – M.: Vysh. schkola,

1982. 3. Muraveva D.A. Pharmacognosy with the fundamentals of biochemistry

of medicinal substances. – M.: Medicine, 1981. 4. Coleman J., Rem K.-G. Demonstrable biochemistry. Per. with him.

2004. 5. Biologically active substances of plant origin. In 3 volumes / B.N.

Golovkin, R.N. Rudenskaya, I. Trofimova, A. Schroeter. – M.: Nauka, 2001.

6. Modern phytotherapy, Ed. Petkova V. – Sofia: Science and Training, 1988.


Test



PEDAGOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of pedagogical sciences, assistant professor of pedagogy and educational issues Pavlova L.K.

Goal

To provide mastering of a theoretical material in the volume necessary for comprehension by the student of prospects of the personal and pedagogical growth, to generate ability to operate with them, to carry out carrying over to sphere of active practical activities

Basic courses Psychology

Content

Fundamentals of pedagogy. Pedagogy in the human sciences. Key stages in the development of educational practices and pedagogical thought. Methodology and methods of pedagogical research. Factors driving forces and patterns of personality development. Family as a factor in the development of personality. Education in the modern world. Fundamentals of educational activities: the nature, types, structure. The theory of learning. Didactics as a theory of learning. Learning process as a holistic system. Species of technology education. The content of education. Principles, methods and training aids. Forms of training. Active forms and methods of training. Technology training. Diagnosis of learning. Theory and practice of education. The essence and content of the process of education. The basic culture of the individual. Principles, methods, means and forms of education. Technology Education. The class teacher as the organizer of an effective educational environment



1. Bordovskaya B.P., Rean A.A. Pedagogy. Textbook for high schools. – St. Petersburg, 2000.

2. Dzhurinsky A.N. History of foreign pedagogy. – M., 1998. 3. Ilyina T.A. Pedagogy. – M., 1984. 4. Pedagogy / ed. K.Y. Babanskii. – M., 1983.


Examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” (direction «Science-teaching activity») and third-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” (direction «Biotechnology»)


PSYCHOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of psychology of faculty of philosophy and social sciences

Goal Mastering the conceptual apparatus of social psychology and the skills of its use in practice

Content

Introduction to psychology. Psychology as a science. Branches of psychology. Methodology and methods of psychology. Psychology of work and communication. Activity. Consciousness. Will. Communication as a specific activity. Communication and interpersonal relationships. Personality. The problem and the main directions in the study of personality psychology. "I-concept" personality. The development and socialization of the individual. Individual-psychological characteristics of personality. Temperament. Nature. Accentuation nature. Abilities. Mental state. Adaptation and functional status. Emotional states. Cognitive processes. Sensation and perception. Representations and imagination. Thinking. Language and speech. Memory and attention. Individual features of attention. Managing students' attention in class.



1. Petrovsky, A.V., Yaroshevskii M.G. Foundations of theoretical psychology. Textbook for high schools. – M., 1998.

2. Asmolov A.G. Psychology of personality. – M., 1990. 3. Andreev G.A. Social psychology. – M., 1986.


Examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (directions «Science-teaching activity» and «Biotechnology») and «Bioecology»


PHARMACOGNOSY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, professor of the department of botany Karpuk V.V., candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of botany Poliksenova V.D.

Goal

To give representation about practical application of botany, in particular: about herbs as the major source of medicinal raw materials and biologically active substances taken from it – bases for manufacture of therapeutic substances.

Basic courses Algology and mycology, plant morphology, organic chemistry

Content

Pharmacognosy: history of a science and its problems. The chemical compounds of plants. A primary and a secondary metabolisms at plants and their basic chemical products. The major biologically active substances (BAS), operating and ballast substances. Medical plants (MP) and medicinal vegetative raw materials (MVRM). The principles of preparation, preservation, storage and processing of MVRM. Introduction of MP in agriculture. Culture in vitro of plant tissues and cells, and application the methods of cellular and gene engineering are the new (biotechnological) sources of perception of medical products. The major specifications. The scheme of pharmacognostic analysis of MVRM and methods of its carrying out. Polysaccharides. Lipids. Vitamins. Terpenoids. Aethe-ric oils. Glycosides as forms of existence of BAS in MVRM. Tyoglycosides. Bitter substances (iridoides). Kardiotonic steroid glycosides. Saponin-glycosides. Phenolic glycosides. Lignans. Coumarins, chromons, xanthons. Anthracenderivates. Flavonoids. Tannins. Alkaloids. MP and MVRM, containing these groups BAS. MP and MVRM, containing different BAS. Therapeutic substances of animal origin.

Teaching methods Lectures and written (or computer) testing


1. The State Pharmacopoeia of Belarus. In 3 vol. V. 2: Quality assurance oauxiliary substances and medicinal vegetative raw materials /UC «The Center of examinations and tests in public health services»; under the editorship of A.A. Sherjakov. – Моlodechno: "Victory", 2008.

2. Sheljuto V.L, Buzuk G.N, Konoplyova M.M, Lovchinovsky J.O. Pharmacognozia: The textbook. – Vitebsk: VSMU, 2003.

3. Plants for us: the reference edition / G.P. Jakovlev, K.F. Blinova, eds. – SPb.: Educational Book, 1996.

4. Karpuk V.V. Pharmakognozia: supplement for studying. – Мn.: BSU,2009. 380 p. (in press).

5. Karpuk V.V., Poliksenova V.D. Pharmakognozia: methodicalinstructions to laboratory studies. – Мn.: BSU, 2008.


Examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (directions «Science-industrial activity» and «Biotechnology»)


INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, the head of the department of molecular biology Evtushenkov A.N.

Goal Introduction to modern biotechnology methods and main applications Basic courses Biochemistry

Content

Introduction. The objects of biotechnology. The principles of biotechnological objects selection such as the model and base microorganisms, strains of microorganisms utilizing in biotechnology. Isolation and selection of bacterial producers of biologically active substances. Raw material supply of biotechnology. Technologies of the fermentation processes. Cycles and stages of the fermentation process. Principles of scaling of technological processes: laboratory, pilot and industrial fermentors. Microbial protein production. Enzyme producers requirements. Advantages of immobile enzymes in biotechnology. Molecular biotechnology as a main focus of modern biotechnology development. Recombinant protein production by eukaryotic systems. Basic principles of protein production for medical applications. Biotechnological applications in agriculture and environmental protection

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratories, colloquies


1. Evtushenkov A.N., Fomichev Yu.K. Introduction to biotechnology: lecture course. – Mn.: Belgosuniversitet, 2004.

2. Prishep T.P., Chuchalin K.L., Zaikov K.L., Michaleva L.S. Fundamentals of pharmaceutical biotechnology. Educational textbook. – Rostov: Fenix; Tomsk: NTL, 2006.

3. Egorova T.A., Klunova S.M., Zhivuchina. Fundamentals of biotechnology. – M.: Academia, 2003.

4. Glik B., Pasternak J. Molecular biotechnology. Principles and application. – M.: Mir, 2002.


Test, examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)


BIOSAFETY AND BIOETIC IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of genetics Lahodzich A.V.

Goal To acquaint with various directions and achievements of biotechnology, as well as issues of bioethics and biosafety development and use of transgenic microorganisms, plants and animals

Basic courses Cytology and histology, biochemistry, molecular biology of gene

Content

Introduction. Traditional and modern biotechnology. Major trends and problems of modern biotechnology. Stages of the creation of genetically engineered organisms. Methods of genes isolation, identification and cloning. Production of recombinant DNA. Structure of transgenic constructs. Methods of gene transfer into cells of living organisms. Problem of transgene expression. The main directions of practical use of genetically engineered organisms. Creation of transgenic plants, animals, microorganisms and their use in agriculture, medicine, industry. Biosafety. Possible adverse effects of genetically engineered organisms on human health and the environment. State regulation of genetic engineering. International agreements on biosafety. Fundamentals of Food Biosafety. Principles of risk assessment and prevention of possible adverse environmental impacts of GMOs.



1. Biotechnology. Biosafety. Bioethics. Ed. A.P. Ermishin / A.P. Yermishin, V.E. Podlisskih, E.V. Voronkov, B.Yu. Anoshenko, V.M. Zarkov. – Mn.: Tehnalogiya, 2005.

2. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and applications / B. Glick, Pasternak, J. – M.: Mir, 2002.

3. Yermishin A.P. Genetically Modified Organisms: myths and reality / Ermishin A.P. – Mn.: Tehnalogiya, 2004.

4. Kartel N.A. Biotechnology in plant / Kartel N.A., Kilchevsky A.V. – Mn.: Tehnalogiya, 2005.

5. Singer M., Berg P. Genes and genomes. In 2 books. – M.: Mir, 1998.


Test

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” (direction "Biotechnology")

Lectures: 38 Laboratory classes: 0 Practical trainings: 22

GENERAL ECOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Makarevich T.A.; candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Semenyuk G.A.

Goal To give representation of the basic concepts, laws of the structural and functional organization underorganismic biosystems

Basic courses Zoology of invertebrates; zoology of vertebrates; systematic of higher plants; geobotany

Content Ecology as a science. Life conditions and organism. Ecological factors and organisms. Population and structure. Dynamic of populations. Interactions of populations. Fluctuations of population number. Biocenosis as a level of the organization of alive systems. Biogeocenosis and ecosystems. Production of ecosystem. Dynamic of ecosystem. Earth biomes. Water ecosystems, their peculiarities. Structure of biosphere A role of the mankind in the evolution of biosphere. Biogeochemical cycles. Resources of biosphere.

Teaching methods Lectures, practical trainings (seminars), computer tests Literature (in Russian) 1. Odum J. Osnovy of ecology. – М.: Mir, in 2 books, 1986.

2. Shilov I.A. Ecology. – М.: Vysh. schkola, 1997.


Examination

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in “Bioecology”


PLANT AND ANIMAL RESOURCES, RATIONAL USE, PROTECTION

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Grichik V.V.

Goal To generate the system of representations about general characteristics of vegetative both animal resources of Belarus and the conditions of their ecologically competent operation

Basic courses General ecology; landscape ecology, high plants taxonomy, zoology of vertebrates

Content Resources of fauna, their place in the system of natural resources. Resource value of the invertebrate animals. Fish resources, conditions of their effective operation. The hunting species. Conditions of effective conducting the hunting facilities. The general principles of steady use of fauna resources.

Teaching methods Lectures, computer tests Literature (in Russian) 1. Parfyonov V.I. Anthropogenous of change of flora and vegetation of

Belarus. – Мn.: Science and technics, 1985. 2. Grichik V.V. Vegetative and animal resources. – Mn., BSU, 2003.


Test



SOIL SCIENCE Test: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, Professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Kulikov Ya. K.

Goal To give representation about geographical environment with view of optimization of environment and geographical processes management at planetary level

Basic courses General ecology Content Object of studying and general characteristic of the Earth as a planet.

Atmosphere and its role in geographical environment of the Earth. Hydrosphere and its role in geographical environment of the Earth. Lithosphere and its role in geographical environment of the Earth. Biosphere and its role in geographical environment of the Earth

Teaching methods Lectures Literature (in Russian) 1. Neklyukova N.P. General physical geography. – M., 1975.

2. Shubaev L.P. General physical geography. – M., 1977. 3. Dobrovolsky V.V. Biogeochemistry. – M., 1998.


Test



MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF GENE (Special Discipline and Selected Courses II)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of genetics department Maksimova N.P.

Goal To give representation about basic foundations of molecular biology of gene, the most important achievements of this science at the present stage and their use in solving theoretical and applied problems in biology and medicine

Basic courses Cytology and histology, biochemistry Content Introduction. Subject and tasks of molecular biology of gene. Theoretical

basis and assumptions of science. Experimental evidence for the role of nucleic acids in the transmission of hereditary traits. Structure and physico-chemical properties of DNA and RNA. Types of RNA and their functions. World of RNA. Features of nucleotide composition of DNA in organisms of different levels organization. DNA and RNA localization in cells of pro- and eukaryotes. Methods of studying the molecular structure of DNA and RNA. Comparative analysis of the structure of genes and genomes by pro- and eukaryotes, and viruses. Molecular mechanisms of genetic processes: replication, transcription, reverse transcription and translation. The genetic code and its characteristics. General principles and methodology of genetic engineering. Cloning of genes in prokaryotic cells. Transgenic plants and animals, methods of their receipt. Gene therapy and its development prospects

Teaching methods Lectures Literature (in Russian) 1. Watson J.D. Molecular Biology of the Gene. – M.: Mir, 1978.

2. Stent G., Kelindar R. Molecular Genetics. – M: Mir, 1981. 3. Molecular Biology. Structure and biosynthesis of nucleic acids, Ed.

A.S. Spirin. – M., Graduate School, 1990. 4. Singer M., Berg P. Genes and genomes. In 2 parts. – M.: Mir, 1998. 5. Lewin B. Genes. – M.: Mir, 1987. 6. Patrushev L.I. Gene expression. – M.: Nauka, 2000. 7. Maksimova N.P. Molecular genetics. Collection of tasks and tests. –

Mn.: BSU, 2008. Form of students reporting

Test

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» and «Bioecology»


GENOMICS (Special Discipline and Selected Courses II)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Сandidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the molecular biology department Y.A. Nikolaichik

Goal Formation of the students' ideas about contemporary approaches to genomic research on key advances in genomics, as well as the impact of the genomic revolution for the development of all branches of biology

Basic courses Organic chemistry, physics, biochemistry Content Methods of decoding of genomic sequences. Organization "standard"

genome project. Nanotechnology in DNA sequencing: principles of action and the possibility of second-generation sequencers. The diversity of genomes and their structure. Structure of the coding and noncoding part of the various genomes. Regularities of distribution of genes on chromosomes. Heterogeneity of DNA. The evolution of genomes. Mechanisms of genomic rearrangements, increase or decrease the size of genomes. Horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Orthologs and paralogs. Pangenom. Molecular systematics. Repetition and transposons. Molecular databases. Program for comparing nucleotide and protein sequences. Bioinformatics and experimental approaches to determine the functions of nucleic acids and proteins in their sequences: the identification of coding sequences, recognizing the structure of the gene search of binding sites of regulatory proteins, conserved protein motifs as an indicator of the possible function of the protein, the identification of DNA-binding domain signals of intra-and intercellular sorting protein modification sites of proteins. RNA interference and virus-induced gene silencing. Contingencies and regulated knockouts. Identification of the components of metabolic pathways. DNA microarrays, real-time PCR. Proteomic approaches: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry of proteins.

Teaching methods Lectures Literature 1. Koonin, E. V, Galperin, M. Y. Sequence - Evolution - Function.

Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics / E. V. Koonin, M. Y. Galperin. Norwell (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003

2. Lewin B. Genes VIII. / B. Lewin. Prentice Hall, 2004. Form of students reporting

Test

Recommended for Second-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology»


ECONOMIC THEORY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of economic theory of economics faculty

Goal

Formation of a market economic thinking, obtaining insight into the economic life of society, methods and tools of research, training highly qualified personnel, increasing the competence and relevance of their training requirements advanced by the current socio-economic situation

Basic courses Higher mathematics, sociology

Content

Introduction to the economy. Market economy. Consumer Behavior in the market. Firm as a market participant. Market structures. Market factors of production and income distribution. Marketing in the management of the firm. National economy: objectives and results. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Macroeconomic balance. Macroeconomic instability and forms of its manifestation. The financial system and fiscal policy of the state. Money market. Monetary policy. Macroeconomic equilibrium in the commodity and money markets. Social policy of the state. Economic growth. Open economy. World economy. Transition economies



1. Economic theory: manual / under Ed. Cluny V.L., Novikova I.V. – Mn., 2001.

2. Economic Theory: Workshop / under Ed. Cluny V.L. Dakuko L.I. – Mn., 2001.

3. McConnell K., Brue C. Economics. – M., 1992 Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for Third-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” and "Bioecology"


POLITICS

ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of political science faculty of law

Goal Formation of representations about the main spheres of the political process, political institutions, political culture and ideology, international relations and foreign policy

Basic courses History of Belarus, sociology

Content

Subject of political science. Methods and functions of political science. Stages of formation and development of political science. Political power. The political system as a social phenomenon. State. Legislature. Executive. Judiciary. Local authorities. Public associations. Political parties and party systems. Political regimes. Political process. Subjects of politics. Political leadership. Representation and elections. Media and communications. Political culture. Political ideology. The system of modern international relations. World politics and global issues of our time. Foreign policy of the State


Literature

1. Belyakovich N.N. Politics. Textbook. – Mn., 1998. 2. Mel'nik V.A. Politics. Textbook. – Mn., 1999. 3. Politics / S.V. Reshetnikov, N.P. Denisyuk, M.F. Chudakov etc. Ed.

Reshetnikov S.V. – Mn., Tetra Systems, 1999. Form of students reporting

Test



MICROBIOLOGY ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of medical sciences, professor of the department of microbiology Fomichev J.K.; candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology Lysak V.V.

Goal To give representation about the most important properties of microorganisms, their role in natural processes, the national economy and health care

Basic courses Algology and mycology, biochemistry, genetics

Content

Introduction. History of development of microbiology. Classification of microorganisms. Morphology and structural organization of the bacterial cell. Cultivation and growth of bacteria. Effects of physical and chemical factors on the life activity of bacteria. Metabolism of bacteria. Bacterial genetics. Regulation of the bacteria metabolism. The relationship between microorganisms and micro- and macroorganisms. Systematics and the major groups of bacteria. Distribution of microorganisms in nature. The role of microorganisms in the circulation of substances, in the soil-forming processes and soil fertility, in the primary production of water bodies reservoirs, in mineralization of organic substances, substance recycling and detoxication. The role of microbiology in the national economy and health care

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory works, colloquiums, computer testing

Literature

1. Gusev M.V., Mineeva L.A. Microbiology. – М.: Publishing center "Academy", 2003.

2. Shlegel G. General microbiology. – М.: Mir, 1987. 3. Modern microbiology: in 2 v. / Ed. J. Lengelera, G. Drews, G.

Schlegel. – M.: Mir, 2005. 4. Lysak V.V. Microbiology. – Mn.: BSU, 2008. 5. Lysak V.V., Zheldakova R.A. Microbiology: methodical

recommendations for laboratory work, control of self-work of students. – Mn.: BSU, 2002.


Examination



GENETICS ECTS: 6 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of genetics department Maksimova N.P.

Goal To give representation about the most important laws of heredity and variation at all levels of living, the structure and function of the hereditary material, mechanisms of transmission to posterity; achievements of classical and modern genetics and their use in industry, medicine and agriculture

Basic courses Cytology and histology, biochemistry, microbiology Content Introduction. History of genetics. Basic laws of heredity. Genotype and

phenotype. Allele. Genotype and allele as a system of non-allelic interaction of genes. Cellular mechanisms of genetic processes. Mitosis and meiosis. Fertilization. Biology of animal and plant sex. Chromosomal theory of heredity. Inherited traits, coupled with the floor. Strength and crossing over. Features of genetic analysis pro- and eukaryotic organisms. Structure and function of the gene. Molecular mechanisms of genetic processes: recombination, replication, repair, restriction-modification. Mechanisms of gene expression and their regulation. Transcription and translation. Genetic code. Variability of genetic material. Molecular mechanisms of mutations. Mutations and carcinogenesis. Extrachromosomal heredity. Genetic basis of ontogeny. Genetics of populations. Human Genetics. Genetics and plant breeding. Genetic engineering in vivo and in vitro. Methods of creating transgenic organisms. Genomics and proteomics. Gene therapy.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes Literature (in Russian) 1. Inge-Vechtomov S.G. Genetics of the basics of plant breeding. – M.:

Higher scool, 1989. 2. Ayala F., J. Kayger. Modern genetics. – M.: Mir, 1987. 3. Zhimulev I.F. General and molecular genetics. – Novosibirsk: Izd-vo

Novosibirsk University Press, 2002. 4. Alikhanian S.I., Akifyev A.P., Chernin L.S. General Genetics. – M.:

Higher scool, 1985. 5. Maksimova N.P. Genetics. Course lectures. Part 1. The laws of

heredity. – Mn.: BSU, 2008. 6. Maksimova N.P. [and others]. Problems in Genetics: Manual for

students biol. faculty. – Mn.: BSU, 2008. 7. Maksimova N.P. [and others]. Methodological guidelines for

laboratory work: for students biol. faculty. – Mn.: BSU, 2008. Form of students reporting

Examination



VIROLOGY ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, the head of the Department of Molecular Biology Evtushenkov A.N.

Goal

Introduction to the basic groups of viruses of bacteria, animals and plants which belong to one unique virus kingdom; main features of their structure and reproduction; examples of the most popular organisms from the virus kingdom; main branches of virology and challenges of viral science development.

Basic courses Biochemistry, microbiology, genetics

Content

Introduction. The basic virology. Principles of virus classification. Main families of animal and human viruses. Special methods of virus isolation and investigation. The structure of virus particles. Viral genome structure. Basic hypothesis of virus origins and their confirming facts. Possible ways of virus evolution. Bacteriophages. Viruses and host cell interaction. The general scheme of virus replication (cycle of phage single development, viral infection biochemistry). Virus infections. The ways of transmission of animal and human viruses. Latent virus infections. New virus infections. Plant virus infections. Noncanonical viruses: prions, viroids and their mechanisms of reproduction. Description of viral separate families which are pathogenic to human and animals. Antiviral therapy.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratories, colloquies


1. Zinchenko A.I., Parul D.A. Basics of virus molecular biology and antiviral therapy. – Mn.: Vysh. schkola, 2005.

2. Medical microbiology / ed. by Pokrovsky V.I., Pozdeev O.K. – M.: Geotar Medicina, 1999.

3. General and private virology / ed. by Zhdanov V.M., Gaidamovich S. Ya. – M.: Medicina, 1982.

4. Luria S., Darnell J., Baltimor D., Kempbell E. General virology. – M.: Mir, 1981.

5. Surin V.N., Belousova P.B., Fomina N.V. Veterinary virology: Textbook. – M.: Agropromizdat, 1991.


Examination



BIOMETRICS ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Eryomova N.G.; assistant of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Minets M.L.

Goal To give representation about methods of the statistical analysis of biological data, and to generate the skills of computer processing of experimental data

Basic courses Higher mathematics; computer science Content Definition of biometrics and the basic stages of its development. Data in

biology. A grouping of data. Descriptive statistics. Laws of distribution of probabilities of random variables. An estimation of reliability of sample statistics. A statistical hypothesis. Two-selective parametrical comparisons. Checking of normality. Nonparametric two-selective comparisons. The correlation analysis. Regression analysis. The dispersive analysis. Elements of multivariate statistics.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes, computer tests Literature (in Russian) 1. Lakin G.F. Biometrics. - М.: Schkola, 1990.

2. Rokicskii P.F. Biological statistics. - М.: Vysh. schkola, 1973. 3. Ploxinskii N.A. Biometrics. - М.: Publishing house Moscow

University, 1970. Form of students reporting

Test



HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY ECTS: 8 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of human and animal physiology Chumak A.G., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of human and animal physiology Sandakov D.B.

Goal To provide guidance to the modern level of knowledge in physiology, the basic science which studies the general mechanisms of functioning of a healthy organism and its structural elements (organs, tissues, cells) in various conditions

Basic courses Physics, human anatomy, cytology and histology, zoology, biochemistry Content Introduction in Physiology. History of Physiology. The role of

Physiology. Cell physiology. Molecular mechanisms of excitability and intercellular mutual relations. Cellular and system mechanisms of nervous and humoral regulation of functions. The general and private physiology of nervous system. Functional organization of a spinal cord and its role in reflex coordination. Activity of the central nervous system. Trunk physiology. Brain and cerebellum. Physiological mechanisms of an average, intermediate and forward brain departments. Bases of physiology of a cortex of the big hemispheres of a brain and its nuclear formations. Endocrine system and hormonal mechanisms of a homeostasis. Blood, lymph as internal medium of an organism. Physiology of heart and vascular systems. Physiology of breath and transport mechanisms. Gases in an organism. Alimentary system physiology. Mechanisms of digestion and an absorption. A metabolism and energies. Physiological mechanisms of regulation of a body temperature. Excretion. Physiology of sensory systems. Molecular bases of reception. The structural and functional organization of visual, acoustical, vestibular, gustatory and olfactory sensory systems. Modern approaches to neurobiology of behavior. Role of emotions and motivations in the behavior. Reflector theory and its development, the theory of functional systems. Modern concepts of memory and learning. Value of physiology as basics of medical sciences.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches, colloquiums, computer testing


1. The basics of physiology. The textbook / Ed. by A.D. Nozdrachev. – SPb., 2005.

2. Human physiology. The textbook / Ed. by V.M. Smirnov. – М., 2007. 3. Human physiology / Ed. by R. Schmidt and G. Tevsa. – М., 1996. 4. Physiology. Bases and functional systems / Ed. by K.V. Sudakov. –

М., 2000. Form of students reporting

Examination



PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ECTS: 8 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Jurin V.M.; сandidat of biological sciences, associate professor of department plant physiology and biochemistry Yakovets O.G.

Goal To give modern representation about the nature of the basic physiological processes of plants, mechanisms of their regulation and laws of interaction with an environment

Basic courses Morphology of plants, biochemistry

Content

Introduction. Stages of development of plant physiology, its relationship with the general development of biology and practice. Structure of the components of plant cells. Principles of physiological processes regulation by cell. Physico-chemical nature of photosynthesis and its role in the processes of energy and plastic exchange of plants. Importance of respiration in plant life. Ways dissimilation of carbohydrates. Peculiarities of respiration of plants. Thermodynamic basis of plant water exchange. Root pressure and transpiration. Processes of cohesion and adhesion. Mineral nutrients necessary for plant life. Interaction of ions. Uptake of mineral substances. Integration and regulation of transport in the whole plant. General patterns of plant growth and development. Dormancy, its adaptive function. Phytohormones. Synthetic growth regulators. Growth and turgid movement of plants. Termoperiodizm. Photoperiodism. Physiology of flowering and aging of plants. Physiology of stress. General concepts. Stress proteins. Physiological and biochemical basis of plant resistance to temperature, drought, hypoxia and anoxia, salinity, gases and pathogens.



1. Alehina N.D., Balnokin J.V., Gavrilenko V. F, etc. Physiology of plants. The textbook for students of high schools. – М.: Publishing centre "Academy", 2005.

2. Smiths V.V., Dmitriev G. A. Physiology of plants. The textbook for high schools. – М.: Vysh. schkola, 2005.

3. Medvedev S.S. Physiology of plants. The textbook. – SPb.: S.-Peterb. University, 2004.

4. Polevoji V.V. Physiology of plants. The textbook for biol. spec. high schools. – М.: Vysh. schkola, 1989.

5. Tretjakov N.N., Koshkin E.I., Makrushin N.M., etc. Physiology and biochemistry of agricultural plants. The textbook. – М:. Kolos, 1998.

6. Jakushkina N.I., Bahtenko E.J. Physiology of plants. The textbook for students of high schools. – М.: Humanitarian publishing centre VLADOS, 2005.


Examination



DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of human and animal physiology Maslova G.T.

Goal To give representation of animal ontogenesis and it’s mechanisms Basic courses Human anatomy, cytology and histology, zoology, physiology,

biochemistry, genetics Content Introduction. Structure and development of germ cells. Fertilization.

Cleavage. Gastrulation. Neurulation. Comparative embryology (review of early development): Echinoderms, Lancelet, Amphibian, Aves, Mammalian and peculiarities of Human’s embryonic stages. Organs and tissues formation (organogenesis). Molecular and genetical mechanisms of ontogenesis. Post-embryonic development.

Teaching methodology Lectures, practicals, colloquiums, computer testing


1. Gilbert S. Development Biology. 7-th ed. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2003.

2. Alberts B. et al. The Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4-th ed. Garland Science Publishing, 2004.

3. Dondya A.K. Biologia razvitia (Developmental Biology). Pt. 1-2. S.-Pt., 2004 (in Russian).

4. Tokin B.P. Obschaya Embriologia (General Embryology). М.: Vysch. Schkola, 1987 (in Russian)

5. Belousov L.V. Osnovy obschey embriologii (Basis of General Embryology). 2-nd ed. М.: MSU, 2005 (in Russian).

6. Golichenkov V.A. et al. Embriologia (Embryology). М.: Academa, 2004 (in Russian).

7. Golichenkov V.A., Semenova M.L. Practikum po Embriologii (Practicals in Embryology). М.: Academa, 2004 (in Russian).

8. Maslova G.T., Sidorov A.V. Kratkii atlas po biologii individualnogo razvitiya (Brief Atlas in Developmental Biology). Mn.: BGU, 2008. + CD (in Russian).


Test



PROTECTION OF POPULATION AND NATIONAL ECONOMY ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER

EXTRAORDINARY SITUATIONS

ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Kudryashov A. P.

Goal

To study main method of protection of population and national economy establishments under extraordinary situations. To give knowledge of main principles providing safety of population and reduction of economic damage of establishments under extraordinary situations

Basic courses Radiobiology

Content

Protection of population and national economy establishments under technogeneous catastrophes and natural disasters. Characteristics of origins of emergences. Main factors, threatening to human health and to normal operation of national economy establishments. Classification of emergences of peaceful time. Forecasting of events under chemical accidents. Personal and collective protection equipment from chemical affections. Striking factors of ignition in amenity rooms and national economy establishments. Classification of buildings and factories by degree of flammability and explosive risk. Fire fighting means and methods. Fire preventive measures. State structures, specialized on protection of population in conditions of natural disasters. Foundations of stabile working of national economy establishments in conditions of natural disasters. Protection of population from common ammunitions and weapons of mass destruction at the time of military operations. International agreements forebiding some types of weapon, limiting them application and declaring rules of population protection in conditions of military operations. Possible causes of radioactive contamination. Dose metering of ionizing radiation. Individual dose control. Regulation of radioactive nuclide content in raw material for industry. Radioactive nuclide content in human organism

Teaching methods Lectures, practicals, computer testing


1. Atamanyuk V.G. Civil defense. М., 1987. 2. Civil defense. Edited by E.P. Shubin. М., 1991 3. Protection of population and national economy establishments under

extraordinary situations. Edited by Postnik M.I. Mn., University’s, 1997.

4. IvanovV.I. Curs of dose measured. M., Energoizdat 1988. 5. Kozlov V.F. Hand book on radiation safety. М., 1991. 6. Curs of radiation safety. Edited by V.E. Vetrova. Mn., 1995. 7. Mashkovich V.P., Panchenko A.M. Basic of radiation safety M., 1990.


Test



INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES

ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Zoology Buga S. V., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Kudryashov А. P.

Goal

Giving an estimate of information technology, prospects of their development and application in biological researches; acquainting with principal views of computer information technology used in biological researches, their purposes and possibilities; developing skills of effective use of text editors in execution of educational and scientific documentation; improving skills of using technologies of information storage, including computer databases and control systems; gaining experience of using software packages for data processing of biological researches and modeling of biological processes; developing skills of using network technologies for effective search and transfer of scientific information.

Basic courses Higher Mathematics, Bases of Information Technology, Biometrics

Content

Information technology (introduction to problem). Information technology in information support and documentary execution of results of biological researches. Information technology and mathematical processing of results of biological experiment.



1. Buga S. V. Information Technology in Text Processing. М.: BSU, 2005.

2. Duk V. Data Processing on PC in Examples. St. Petersburg, 1997. 3. Zajtzev G. N. Mathematical Analysis of Biological Data. М.: Nauka,

1991. 4. Shachov М., Danilova Т., Gursky U. Photoshop CS and Digital

Photography. SPb.: St. Petersburg, 2005. 5. Levin А. Windows XP and Vista. Self-teaching Guide by Levin. St.

Petersburg, 2008. 6. Borovikov V. P. Statistica: Computer Data Analysis Art. St.

Petersburg, 2003. 7. Borovikov V. P., Ivchenko G. I. Prognostication in Statistica System

of Windows Environment. М.: Finansy i statistika, 1999. 8. Brandt Z. Data Analysis. Statistical and Computing Methods for

Science Officers and Engineers. М.: AST; Mir, 2003. 9. Informatics as a Science about Information: Informational,

Documentary, Technological, Economic, Social and Organizational Aspects / Edited by R. S. Gilyarevsky. М.: Fair-press: GRAND, 2006.

10. Kalatskaya L. V., Buga S. V. Informatics. Course of Lectures. М.: BSU, 2003.


Examination



RADIOBIOLOGY ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of biochemistry Filimonov M.M.

Goal

Formation of representations about a subject and fisiko-dosimetric bases of action of radiation, an essence of the basic radiobiological phenomena and their variety, features of action of small rods of an ionizing radiation, mechanisms of biological action of radiation and protection against a radiation injury.

Basic courses Physics, biochemistry

Content

Introduction. Stages of radiobiology development. Fisiko-dosimetric bases of radiations action. Features of interaction wits substance of various kinds of radiations. Law of radioactive disintegration and radioactivity unit. Doses of radiation and unit of their measurement. A problem radio sensitivity in radiobiology. Role of conditions of the irradiation in operation ionizing radiation on an organism. The major reactions of the person to actions of ionizing radiation. Consequences somatic and inherited, stochastic and not stochastic effects. Theoretical representations about the mechanism of biological action of radiation. Natural sources of ionizing radiation. Mechanisms of protection biological objects from amazing action of radiation. An estimation of biological risk of an irradiation of the person small doses of an ionizing radiation and at chronic low-level influence.

Teaching methods Lecturers


1. Butomo N.V. Fundamentals of Medical Radiobiology / N.V. Butomo [and others], ed. I.B. Ushakov. - SPb.: OOO Publisher Folio, 2004.

2. Yarmonenko S.P. Radiobiology of humans and animals: Textbook. Manual / S.P. Yarmonenko, A.A. Vaynson, ed. S.P. Yarmonenko. M.: Vysh. schkola, 2004.

3. Bak Z. Fundamentals of Radiobiology / Z. Bak, P. Alexander; Lane. Moscow: Izd. lit., 1963.

4. Vail Y.S. The properties of ionizing radiation / Y.S. Vail, G.M. Chernyakov. - SPb., 1998.

5. Kuzin AM Structural-metabolic theory in radiobiology / AM Kuzin. - M.: Nauka, 1986.

6. Filimonov M.M. Radiobiology: lectures / M.M. Filimonov. - Mn.: BSU, 2008.


Test



BIOSENSORS ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Kudryashov A.P.

Goal Aim is generation of knowledge at analytical systems basing on biological testing element and information about methods of making biosensors

Basic courses Biochemistry, microbiology

Content

Introduction. Historical information about evolution of methods of component analysis of media. Biosensor systems: definition and terminology. Main advantages of biosensor using in comparison with traditional physical-chemical methods of analysis. Construction principles of biosensor devices. Biological components of biosensor systems. Basic requirements to biological components of biosensors. Basic requirements to test-reaction. Principles of test-reaction choosing. General arrangement of biosensor devices construction. Immobilization methods of enzymes, antibodies (antigens) and cells in biosensor systems. Methods of test-reaction registering. Manufacturing and using of biosensor devices. Characteristics of most prevalent commercial biosensors. Using of semiconductor electronics in biosensor system construction. Biothermistors. Biotransistors. Bio-FET (field-controlled transistor) operation. Ion selective diode. Light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). Advantages of biosensor devices using in environmental analysis, in medicine, in biotechnology, in food industry and in other branches of national economy. Development prospect of biosensor technique.

Teaching methods Lectures and laboratory works


1. Biosensors // Itogi nauki i techniki. Ser. Biotechnogy. V. 26. 1990. 2. Bodey S.P., Cabrall I.M.А., Caflen М.P. et al. Immobilized cells and

enzymes: Methods. М.Mir.1988 3. Kudryashov A.P. Biosensor devices. Mn., BSU. 2003 4. Kulis J. J. Analytical systems on based of immobilized enzymes.

Vilnus, Moklas. 1981 5. Enzyme electrodes // Itogi nauki i techniki. Ser. Biotechnogy. V. 13.

1988 6. Eggins B. Biosensors: an Introduction. Chichester etc.: Wiley

Teubner. 1996 Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for Third-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Science-industrial activity») and fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)


VECTOR SYSTEMS ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biologycal sciences, professor of the department of microbiology Titok M.A.

Goal To characterise properties of vector systems of the various type applied to cloning in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To acquaint students with the basic problems of interaction a vector-host.

Basic courses Molecular biology of the cell, biochemistry, molecular genetics, microbiology

Content

Bases of molecular biology of the cell. Introduction. Theoretical and experimental basis of genetic engineering. The fundamental discoveries of the molecular biology which proved possibility of constructing of recombinant molecules. Template processes. Replicon and types of replication of DNA. Stability of inheritance of genetic structures. Mechanisms of realisation of the genetic information. Molecular cloning as a way of research of the structural organisation of genetic elements and systems of expression of the alien genetic information. Principles of cloning of DNA in vivo and in vitro. Toolkit in technologies of recombinant DNA (enzymes). The characteristic of basic genetic elements of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells applying as vectors. Vector molecules of DNA. Development of representations about vector molecules. Introduction of molecules of DNA in cells. Transformation. The basic requirements to host cells of recombinant molecules. Vectors of bacteria for cloning in system in vivo. Vectors of bacteria for cloning in system in vitro. Vectors for cloning in eukaryotic cells.

Teaching methods Lectures and practical training


1. Agricultural biotechnology: vector systems of molecular cloning / V.I. Negruk. М: Agropromizdat, 1991.

2. Rybchin V. N. Bases of genetic engineering. Mn.: Vysh. Sch., 1986. 3. Watson J.D., Tooze J., Kurtz D.T Recombinant DNA. М: Mir, 1986. 4. A lambda phage / B.N.Iljashenko. М: Mir, 1976. 5. Recombinant molecules: value for a science and practice. / R.Bierce

and E.Besit. М: Mir, 1980. 6. Singer М, Berg P. Genes and genomes. М: Mir, 1998. 7. Shcelkunov S.N. Genetic engineering/ - Novosibirsk: Publishing house

of The Siberian University, 2004. Form of students reporting

Test, examination

Recommended for Third-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)


CELLS CULTIVATION ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology O.V. Fomina

Goal

Introducing the modern conceptions of basic trends and performance capabilities of cells cultivation (especially out of organism higher plants and animals cells cultivation), about processing cultivation in different cultural systems, as well as nutrient medium compiling principles, cultural laboratory facilities and industrial production.

Basic courses Cytology and histology

Content

Introduction. Historical evolution of microorganisms’ cells cultivation. Growth and development features of microorganisms’ cells referred to different taxonomic groups. Nutrient media used for cells cultivation of microorganisms all types. Classification and characterization of microorganisms’ cells cultivation methods. Main types of cultural systems. Dynamics and growth parameters of microorganisms’ cultures. Way of production and cultivation features of microbe protoplasts depending on used cells type. Reversal features of bacterial and fungoid protoplasts. Historical evolution of plant cells cultivation. Methods of cells’ culture creation. Methods of plant cells cultivation and cultural systems types. Singularity of cultivated plant cells. Methods of creation and features of plant protoplasts cultivation. Historical evolution of animal cells cultivation. Main methods of production cultivated animal cells. Initial, diploid and heteroploid cells. Limitary and transplantable cells’ cultures. Substrata and nutrient media. Cultural systems types and growth dynamics of cells’ population. Singularity of invertebrates and vertebrates animals cells cultivation.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory trials, colloquiums, computer tests.


1. Methods of cells’ cultivation. – L.: Science, 1988. 2. Temnikov D.A., Vinter V.G. Foundations of cells’ cultivation.

Bulletin “Cells’ cultures”, 2003. 3. Methods of cells’ cultivation / Edited by Pinajev G.P. М.:

Science, 1988. 4. Blerjevich O.V. Cells’ cultivation. Mn.: BSU, 2005. 5. Blerjevich O.V., Jeldokova R.A. Cells’ cultivation. Methodical

recommendations to laboratory trials. Mn.: BSU, 2001. Form of students reporting

Test



GENETIC ENGINEERING ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of molecular biology Evtushenkov A.N.

Goal To form the theoretical knowledge about basic methods of genetic engineering and forming during laboratory practice the elementary skills of the genetic engineering experiments.

Basic courses Biochemistry, introduction to biotechnology, microbiology, genetics

Content

Introduction. Enzymes for genetic engineering and their features and using. Vectors for genetic engineering and their main characteristics. Obtaining of the DNA library of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. DNA library screening. DNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mutagenesis of the cloned DNA. Protein expression. Genetic engineering systems for biologically active agents synthesis. Protein analysis. Future perspectives of genetic engineering



1. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology / B. Glick and J. Pasternak. Principles and application. – M.: Mir, 2002.

2. Rybchin V.N. Basics of genetic engineering / V.N. Rybchin. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State Technical Publishing, 2002

3. Shchelkunov S.N. Genetic engineering / S.N. Shchelkunov. – Novosibirsk: Siberian university publishing house, 2004

4. Kartel N.A. Biotechnology in plant / N.A. Kartel, A.V. Kilchevsky. – Mn.: Tehnalogiya, 2005


Examination



HYDROECOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, Corresponding member of BAS Ostapenya A.P.; Doctor of biological sciences, Professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Kamlyuk L.V.

Goal To generate complete representation about the structural and functional organization of water ecosystems

Basic courses General ecology; algology and mycology; zoology of invertebrates; zoology of vertebrates

Content Subject, methods and problems of hydroecology. Abiotic factors of the water environment. Water ecosystems and their structure. Organic substance in water ecosystems and its organization. Ecological metabolism in water ecosystems.


Literature (in Russian) 1. Konstantins A.S. General hydrobiology. - М.: Vysh. schkola, 1986. 2. Romanenko V.D. Hydroecology. - К.: Genesa, 2004.


Examination

Recommended for Third-year undergraduate students specialized in «Bioecology»


AGROECOLOGY ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, Professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Kulikov Ya. K.

Goal To give representation about the system of nature management in agriculture, to teach competent connection of scientific achievements and technical progress with principles nature conformity in organization and realization of various kinds of industrial activity in sphere of agriculture

Basic courses General ecology, plant groving Content Introduction. Agricultural ecosystems. Environmental problems of

agrarian manufacture. Agroecology monitoring. Optimization of agrolandscapes and the organization of steady agricultural ecosystems.

Teaching methods Lectures Literature (in Russian) 1. Chernikov V.A., Aleksahin R.M., Golubev A.V. Agroecology. - М.:

Kolos, 2000. 2. Karpachevskii L.O. Ecological soil science. - М.: Moscow State

University, 1993. Form of students reporting

Test



BIOMEDIATORS IN PLANTS (Scientistic Disciplines and Selected Courses)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Jurin V.M.

Goal Expanding and deepening students' knowledge of general biological significance biomediators and their role as signaling substances and mediators in plants

Basic courses Biochemistry, plant physiology, human and animal physiology

Content

Introduction. Mediators in living systems, their general biological role. Key biomediators: acetylcholine, catecholamines, serotonin, histamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, their synthesis and catabolism in the plant organism. The reaction of plants to the action biomediators. System of regulation involving biomediators. Cholinergic system of regulation. The system of regulation of biogenic amines. Reception of biogenic amines. Calcium and its regulatory role. The system of cyclic nucleotides in plants. Physiological functions biomediators in plants: bioelektrogenesis plants, the movement of protoplasm, intracellular and intercellular chemical signaling



1. Roschina V.V. Biomediators in plants. Acetylcholine and biogenic amines. – Pushchino: ONTI PSC USSR. 1991.

2. Roschina V.V. Options neurotransmitter substances in plants // Russian physiological journal them. I.M. Sechenov. 2000. V. 86. № 10. P. 1300-1307.

3. Karimova F.G. Regulation of Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol of plant cells // Physiology and biochemistry of agricultural plants. 1990. V. 22. № 2. P. 107-117.

4. Jurin V.M. Regulation of membrane function in plant cells. – Mn.: Science and Technology. 1979.

5. Jurin V.M. Biomediators in plants: course of lectures. – Mn.: BSU. 2004.


Сredit

Recommended for Third-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology»


ECOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY (Scientistic Disciplines and Selected

Courses)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Eryomova N.G.

Goal Form the system of the knowledges about ecology-biological particularity of the person in system of the biological sciences, consideration of the nature to adaptability beside person, as person of the sort biosystem; the regularities to ecological variability in human population, regularities interaction in system - "nature – person - society".

Basic courses General ecology, physiology of man and animals Content Subject, problems and the purposes of ecological physiology. Body

temperature and an opportunities of its regulation. Concept of an optimum in ecology and physiology. The basic types of acclimation on Prosser and Prekht. The size of an animal and its role in physiological parameters. Intensity of metabolism in an animal. Physiological aspects of development rate. Physiological aspects of growth. Variety of life cycles



1. Bigon M., Sharper G., Taunsend K. Ecology: individuals, populations and communities. - М.: Mir, in 2 parts, 1989.

2. Methods of definition of production of water animals / under Vinberg. - Mn.: Vysh. schkola, 1966.


Test



PROTEOMIСS (Scientistic Disciplines and

Selected Courses)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer Candidate of biological sciences, head of the department of biochemistry Semak I.V.

Goal

The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions, learning of essential principles of proteome analysis of organisms, protein expression profiling, disease, pharmaceutical, agricultural and biotechnological applications, and analysis of cellular systems, organelles and protein complexes

Basic courses Biochemistry, organic chemistry, biotechnology

Contents

Introduction into proteomics. Functional proteomics. Structural proteomics. Principles and methods of analysis of proteome. Two-dimensional electrophoresis. HPLC. Mass-spectrometry. Mechanisms of forming of three-dimensional structures of biologic macromolecules. Methods of prediction of three-dimensional structures of proteins. Classification of protein families. Enzymes and multienzyme systems. Establishing protein-protein interactions. Self-organization of macromolecule complexes. Methods of modeling of interactions between macromolecular complexes. Post-translational modifications of proteins. Prediction of proteins’ function. Proteomic chemistry. Molecular graphics. Methods of comparison of three-dimensional structure structures of biologic macromolecules. Practical applications of proteomics. Proteomics in medicine, pharmacology and biotechnology.

Teaching methods Lectures Form of students reporting

Test



MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER (Special Discipline and Selected Courses III)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Department of Microbiology Yu. K. Fomichev

Goal

To give the students current opinion on the cause and molecular mechanisms of transformation of normal cells into cancer ones and the development of malignant tumors. To review the molecular processes whose altering may lead to cell transformation and malignisation.

Basic courses Human anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, genetics

Content

Introduction. Cancer as the genetic disease. Benign and malignant tumors and the differences between them. Main characteristics of cancer cells and tumors. Molecular aspects of malignisation. Mutational nature of cancers. Chemical and physical factors of cancer genesis. The role of protooncogenes, oncogenes and antioncogenes and their role in cell functioning. Dominant and recessive oncogenes and the functions they determine. Cellular and viral oncogenes. Factors controlling cell proliferation. Intracellular signalling systems. Cell reparation systems and their role in tumorisation. Telomeres, telomerase and cancer. Mechanisms of metastasis of tumor cells. Viral etiology of cancer. DNA and RNA containing oncogenic viruses and the mechanisms of viral transformation of normal cells into cancer ones. Major proteins of viral oncogenes and their role in tumor development. The origin of viral oncogenes. The role of immune systrem cells in defence against tumors. Participation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in cancer cell elimination. The nature and mechanism of action of the tumor necrosis factor. Current approaches to cancer therapy. Molecular targets for anti-cancer drugs. New mathods for chemotherapy of cancers. Antibodies and their role in cancer defence. The possibility of utilising viruses for destroying cancer cells. Anti tumor therapy.



1. Alberts B. Molecular biology of the cell - M.: Mir, 1987. 2. Watson J. Molecular biology of the gene- M.: Mir, 1978. 3. Lewin B. Genes - M.: Mir, 1987. 4. Singer M. Genes and genomes - M.: Mir, 1998. 5. Reviews in specialised scientific journals


Test



BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF BLOOD AND SYSTEM REACTIONS OF

ORGANISM (Special Discipline and Selected Courses III)

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological science, head of the department of human and animal physiology Chumak A.G.

Goal To provide guidance on modern level of knowledge after physiology of internal medium of an organism, mechanisms of humoral regulation of functions in various conditions of vital activity.

Basic courses Human anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, cytology and histology

Content

Introduction. Modern representations about mechanisms of regulation of functions. Concept about biologically active substances, alarm molecules. Representations about a homeostasis. Functional systems of homeostatic level of regulation of functions and a place in them of biologically active substances of a blood. Elements of internal medium of an organism. A blood, a lymph, a fabric liquid. A chemical compound and physical properties. Cellular elements of a blood as a source and a target of biologically active substances. Hemostasis mechanisms. Physiology of endocrine system. Biochemistry of hormones. Modern representations about reception of hormones. Molecular physiology of the intracellular processes bound with reception of hormones. Endocrine system and hormonal mechanisms of a homeostasis. Adrenals and a functional role of produced hormones. Influence of hormones on an exchange of energy and a mineral exchange. A pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism. An exchange of lipids and its disturbance. Endocrine functions of heart, kidneys, a liver. An endothelium of vessels as endocrine gland. Biologically active substances of a blood and the long-term control of arterial pressure. Biologically active substances of a blood and system functions at emotional stress. Role of endotoxins and cytokines in body temperature maintenance



1. The physiology beginnings: the Textbook / Editorship of A.D. Nozdrachev. – SPb.: Publishing house "Lan", 2005.

2. Human physiology: the Textbook / under ed. V.M. Smirnov. – М: Medicine, 2007.

3. Physiology. Bases and functional systems: the Course of lectures / Editorship of K.V. Sudakov. – М: Medicine, 2000.

4. Physiology of endocrine system / J. Griffin and S.Ohedy; the lane withEnglish-TH.: BIN. Laboratory of knowledge, 2008.

5. Gurin A.V. Ingibitory of proteases and blood cytokines in hyperthermia mechanisms at stress. – Mn.: Technoprint, 2003.

6. Gurin V. N. A thermoregulation and sympathetic nervous system. Mn: Nauka i Technika, 1989.


Test



BASICS OF LAW ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of ecological and agricultural law of faculty of law

Goal Obtaining knowledge about the law and the state as a socially integrative regulator of social relations, defining the scope of their subjects, as well as guarantees of the rights to ensure social progress

Basic courses Politics, sociology

Content

General theory of law and state. Foundations of constitutional law. Fundamentals of administrative law. The main provisions of civil and family law. Fundamentals of labor law. Fundamentals of financial law. Legal basis of land use and environmental protection. Fundamentals of criminal law. Court and law enforcement agencies.


Literature (in Russian) 1. Alekseev SS Theory of law. M., 1995 2. Basic Law: Textbook / Society. Ed. G.B. Szyszko. Mn., 1998. 3. Ivanov V.S. Basic Law of the Republic of Belarus. Mn., 1998


Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in “Biology” and "Bioecology"


EVOLUTIONARY THEORY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, professor of microbiology department Titok M.A.; сandidate of biological sciences, associate professor of genetics department Anokhina V.S.

Goal Formation of students' understanding of the factors driving forces and patterns of evolution, materialist worldview, communication theory of evolution with their chosen special area of biology

Basic courses Zoology, plant morphology, plant physiology, human and animal physiology, genetics, ecology and environmental management

Content

Introduction. History of evolutionary ideas. Lamarck and Lamarckism. Darwin and Darwinism. Formation of evolution synthetic theory. Organic evolution as objective process. Methods of studying evolution. Microevolution. Concept of microevolution. Population as a basic unit of evolution. Elementary factors of evolution. Natural selection - the driving and guiding force of evolution. Emergence of adaptations - the result of natural selection. Speciation - the result of microevolution. Concept and problems of macroevolution. Value of onto- and phylogenesis. Evolution of ontogeny. Evolution of organs and functions. Phylogenetic groups evolution. The main directions of the evolutionary process. Evolutionary progress. Terms of evolution phylogenetic groups (rules of macroevolution). Human evolution. Recent discussions in evolution theory. The value of evolutionary theory.



1. Yablokov A.V., Yusufov A.G. Evolutionary theory. 3rd ed., Revised and updated. - M.: Higher scool, 2004.

2. Severtsov Introduction to the theory of evolution / Severtsov. - Moscow: Publishing Center for Humanities "VLADOS, 2005.

3. Jordan N. Evolution of life / N. Jordan. - M.: Academy, 2005. 4. Vorontsov N.N. The development of evolutionary ideas / N.N.

Vorontsov. - Moscow: Progress-Tradition ", 1999. 5. Biryukov N.P. Evolution / N.P. Biryukov. Kaliningrad. Kalga, 1999. 6. Titok M.A., Anokhina V.S. The theory of evolution: guidelines for

conducting seminars. – Mn.: BSU, 2007.


Examination



BASIC OF IMMUNOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of medicine, professor of microbiology department Fomichev, Y.K., Candidate of Biological Sciences, associate professor of microbiology department Pesnyakevich A.G.

Goal

The main purpose of the course is to give students, regardless of their specialization common understanding of the natural protective factors of the organism of mammals from pathogens of infectious diseases and the mechanisms that determine the identity of the cellular and molecular levels. The course should also serve as a basis for a meaningful use of students in their future research activities of the modern methods of research wildlife, which are based on the use of antibodies.

Basic courses Anatomy and human physiology, cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics

Content

The role of the immune system in maintaining homeostasis. General characteristics of the immune system in mammals (organs, cells, molecules). The differences and the relationship of constitutive and inducible mechanisms for protection of the body from foreign antigens. Impermeability integument, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, complement system as the main manifestations of the constituent mechanisms. Immune response to a Thymus-Dependent Antigen as a major inducible mechanism. Immune memory, the mechanisms of emergence and implementation. Hypersensitivity as a response to the antigen. Types of immunity to infectious diseases. The concept of vaccines and sera as a preventive and therapeutic tools. General properties and classification of antigens. Structure, classification and properties of antibodies. The principle of monoclonal antibodies. Antigen-antibody reaction and its application in research.

Teaching methods Lectures, practical training, , colloquiums


1. Yarilin A.A. Fundamentals of Immunology. Moscow: Medicine. 1999 2. Roit, A., Brostoff, J., D. Mail Fundamentals of Immunology. M.: Mir.

2000. 3. Galaktionov V.G. Immunology. Moscow, Academy, 2004 4. Roit A. Principles of Immunology. M.: Mir. 1991. 5. Pesnyakevich A.G. Fundamentals of Immunology. Lecture Course.

Minsk, BSU, 2008. Form of students reporting

Examination



LABOR PROTECTION ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of biological sciences, associate professor of department plant physiology and biochemistry Kudryashov A. P.

Goal To study base laws Belorussian about of labor protection and main techniques, sanitary-hygienic and organizing arrangements for achieved safety work.

Basic courses Base of lows, Protection of population and national economy establish-ments under extraordinary situations

Content

Determine of subject labor protection. Ways of achievement safe people work and increasing risk of professional diseases and labor wound. Base of lows Belorussian about of labor protection. Rules and norms of labor protection. The state control on conditions of labor protection. Reasons of labor wounds. Investigation and registration labor accidents. Rules of composition of documents about accident. Labor hygiene. Microclimate parameters. Norms of contents of toxic components in air and on the surfaces in the industry premises. Norms of other injuring factors in the work (illumination, vibration, noise, thermal balance, radioactivity and other). Sanitary-hygienic norms for classrooms and laboratories education establishments. Engineering bases of safety of technology processes and exploitation of equipments. Organizing of rescue workes.



1. Labor code of Republic of Belarus. zMinsk. 1999. 2. Sulla M. B. Labor protection. - М. 1999. 3. Pryanikov V. I. Techniques of safety in microbiological industry. М. 1989. 4. Nikitin V.S., Burashnikov Y.M. Labor protection in enterprises of food

industries. M. 1991. 5. Kravchenya E. M., Kozel R.N., Svirid I.P. Labor protection and bases

of energy saving Minsk. 2008.


Test



ECOLOGY AND RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT

ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, Professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Kamlyuk L.V.; Doctor of biological sciences, Associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Grichik V.V.

Goal

To give representation of the basic concepts, laws of the structural and functional organization underorganismic biosystems, a role of mankind in the maintenance of stable functioning of populations, ecosystems, biosphere

Basic courses Zoology of invertebrates; zoology of vertebrates; systematic of higher plants; geobotany

Content

Ecology as a science about functioning and interaction underorganismic systems of a different level of the organization. Life conditions of organisms and their variety. Ecological factors and their classification. Population ecology (static and dynamic characteristics). Interaction of populations. The basic types of interpopulation relations. Concept of an ecological niche. Biocenosis as a level of the organization of alive systems. Biogeocenosis, ecosystems, ecological successions. Concept of biosphere. A role of the mankind in the evolution of biosphere. Biogeochemical cycles. Resources of biosphere and a basis of rational nature management.

Teaching methods Lectures, practical trainings (seminars), computer tests


1. Odum J. Osnovy of ecology. - М.: the World, in 2 т., 1986. 2. Shilov I.A. Ecology. - М.: Higher school, 1997. 3. Korobkin V.I. Ecology. - Rostov: the Phoenix, 2000.


Examination



BASICS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor biological sciences, head of the department of microbiology Prokulevich V.A., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology Zheldakova R.A.

Goal

To give representation about the main directions and perspectives of development of biotechnology, with it solvable problems, the characteristic used for this method. Particular attention is paid to the links between developments in basic sciences (microbiology, molecular genetics, molecular biology, etc.) and applied aspects of their use in solving urgent problems of modern society

Basic courses Microbiology, genetics

Content

Introduction. Objects of biotechnology, the basic requirements for their application. Microorganisms (bacteria and higher Protista) - the main objects of biotechnology. Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Major discoveries substantiate the theoretical technological approach to genetic information. Raw materials base of biotechnology. The nutrient medium for fermentation processes. Natural raw substrates of vegetable origin. Waste materials as potential substrates for the cultivation of biological objects. Types and modes of fermentation: periodic and continuous. Chemostats and turbidostaty. Solid phase fermentation. Immobilized cells and enzymes, the benefits of their use in biotechnology. Characteristics of used vehicles, methods of immobilization of cells and enzymes. Callus and suspension culture cells of higher plants, methods of their production and scope. Cultivation of cells and tissues of animals. Production of transgenic organisms. Biotechnology. give an idea about the main directions and perspectives of development of biotechnology, with it solvable problems, the characteristic used for this method. Particular attention is paid to the links between developments in basic sciences (microbiology, molecular genetics, molecular biology, etc.) and applied aspects of their use in solving urgent problems of modern society.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory works, colloquiums


1. Biotechnology: In 8 books. Ed. N.S. Egorov and V.D. Samuilova. – M.: Higher School, 1986.

2. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and applications / B. Glick and J. Pasternak. – M.: Mir, 2002.

3. Egorova TA Fundamentals of Biotechnology / T.A. Egorova, S.M. Klunova, E.A. Zhivuhina. – M.: Izd. Center Academy ", 2003.

4. Evtushenkov A.N. Introduction to biotechnology: a course of lectures / A.N. Evtushenkov, Y.K. Fomichev. – Mn.: BSU, 2004.

5. Elinov N.P. Biotechnology / N.P. Elinov. – St. Petersburg, 1995. Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (directions «Science-teaching activity» and «Science-industrial activity») and «Bioecology»


HISTORY OF BIOLOGY ECTS: 1 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Сandidate of biological sciences, associate professor of genetics department Glushen S.V.

Goal

Form a system of knowledge about the regularities of biological sciences development from the ancient world and up to XXI century, inclusive, and also give an idea about the methodology of scientific research in biology

Basic courses Zoology, plant morphology, cytology and histology, human and animal physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, genetics

Content

Theory paradigm and its application in biology. Emergence of biological sciences in the ancient world. Development of plants and animals taxonomy, anatomy, physiology and embryology in modern times. Classical biology of the XIX century: fundamental work of Cuvier, Saint-Hilaire, Baer, Lamarck, Darwin and other scientists. Development of human and animal physiology in the XIX century. Emergence of histology, cytology and microbiology. Emergence of biochemistry and genetics at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. Scientific revolution in biology XX century. Caused by the molecular-genetic approach. Cognitive models of biology



1. The history of biology from ancient times to the beginning of the twentieth century / edited by S.R. Mikulinskaya. – M.: Nauka, 1972.

2. Bryzgalin E.V. The history of biology as a paradigm shift of knowledge. – M.: MGU, 1996.

3. Ryuz M. Philosophy of Biology. – M.: Mir, 1977. 4. Kuhn T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. – M.: Mir, 1977. 5. Schrodinger E. What is life from the perspective of physics. – M.: Mir,

1981. 6. Azimov A. Brief history of biology. From Alchemy to genetics. – M.:

Mir, 2002. Form of students reporting

Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» and «Bioecology»


METHODS OF BIOLOGY TEACHING ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Doctor of biological sciences, professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Kamlyuk L.V.; doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Grichik V.V.

Goal To generate the system of knowledge about methods, receptions and technologies of teaching biology in a comprehensive school

Basic courses Pedagogy; psychology

Content

Introduction. The tasks of school course of methods of biology teaching. General characteristic of methods of biology teaching. The system of methods of training based on the character of material mastering. Traditional class-fixed technology of training. School excursion and other forms of biology teaching. Differentiation of training. Control of knowledge, doctrines and skills in biology. New educational technologies. Features of private techniques.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes, computer tests


1. Konjushko V.S., Pavljuchenko S.E. Technique of training of biology. – Mn.: Book house, 2004.

2. Grichik V.V. Planning and carrying out of a lesson of biology: Methodical recommendations at the rate «Technique of biology teaching».–- Mn.: BSU, 1997.

3. Reader by a technique of teaching of biology. – M., 1984. Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Science-teaching activity» and «Biotechnology»)


METHODS OF CHEMISTRY TEACHING ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidat of chemistry science, associate professor of department of the general chemistry and technique of teaching of chemistry chemical faculty Hvaljuk V. N.

Goal

To acquaint students with the basics of the methodology of teaching chemistry as a science, to give the initial presentation of the main challenges, which is the subject of study, learn the basics of theory and practice of learning chemistry in high school, to acquire practical skills in teaching chemistry

Basic courses Pedagogy; psychology

Content

Goals, objectives and content of chemical education at secondary school. Methods of teaching chemistry and criteria for their optimal choice. Construction of the basic course of chemistry. Demonstration chemical experiment. Goals, objectives and content of the control of learning chemistry. Integrated 10-point evaluation system of learning chemistry. One orthographic mode for chemistry lessons. Organizational forms of teaching chemistry. Methods of formation and development of basic chemical concepts of basic chemistry course. Goals, objectives, content and teaching methods in "The chemical phenomena of the course the universe. Practical lessons in chemistry. The content and methodology of the student's experiment in chemistry



1. Zaitsev O.S. Methods of teaching chemistry. – M.: Vlados, 1999. Chernobelskaya G.M. Methods of teaching chemistry. – M.: Education, 2001.

2. Methods of teaching chemistry. Textbook / Ed. N.E. Kuznetsova. – M.: Education, 1984.

3. Kiryushkin D.M., Polosin V.S. Methods of teaching chemistry. A manual for teacher-training institutes. – M.: Education, 1970.

4. General method of teaching chemistry. Content and methods of teaching chemistry / Ed. L.A. Tsvetkova. – M.: Education, 1981.

5. General method of teaching chemistry. Training and educational process. Ed. L.A. Tsvetkova. – M.: Education, 1982.

6. Krupenina A.L., Krokhina I.M. Effective teacher. Practical psychology for teachers. – Rostov-on-Don, Phoenix, 1995.

7. Programs for institutions providing general secondary education in Russian language of instruction, with the 11-year education. Minsk, Research Department of Education.


Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Science-teaching activity»)


METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL WORK ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Grichik V.V.

Goal

To generate in future teachers the system of representations about principles of the organization, forms, methods and technologies of educational process realization in a comprehensive school in the context of its cultural conformity

Basic courses Pedagogy, psychology

Content

Education system, its structure and functions. The organization and forms of work of the class teacher. Tasks of educational work at school. Methodical arsenal of educational work. Conditions of effective education. Problems of school education



1. Ivaschenko F.I.psycholog of education of schoolboys. - Mn., 1996. 2. Kabush U.T. Education at modern school. - Mn., 1995. 3. Management of educational system of school / Ed. by V.A.

Karakovskogo. - M., 1999.


Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (directions «Science-teaching activity» and «Biotechnology») and «Bioecology»


ENZYME ENGINEERING ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, head of the department of biochemistry Semak I.V.

Goal

Learning of essential principles of enzyme applications in biotechnologic processes; of modifying an enzyme's structure (and thus its function) to produce biocatalysts with defined properties; of modifying the catalytic activity of isolated enzymes to produce new metabolites, to allow new (catalyzed) pathways for reactions to occur.

Basic courses Biochemistry, biophysics, organic chemistry, biotechnology

Content

Structure, properties and mechanism of action of biocatalysts. Advantages and disadvantages of biocatalysis using in technologic processes. Stabilization of enzymes in biotechnologic systems. Regeneration of enzyme systems used in biotechnology. Extremozymes and their applications in biotechnology. Enzyme reactions in systems with organic solvents. Enzymes and enzyme processes in science, medicine, technology and industry. Biocatalysis in chemical synthesis, in electrochemical systems, in microanalysis. Enzymes as drugs. Strategies for enzyme engineering. Protein engineering of enzymes. Directional evolution of industrial enzymes. Creation of chimeric, bifunctional, semisynthetic enzymes and their use as industrial biocatalysts. Catalytic antibodies (abzymes) and their practical significance. Modern information technologies in enzyme engineering.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory сlasses, colloquiums, testing


1. Berezin I.V. Engineering enzymology / I.V. Berezin, A.A. Klesov, V.K. Svedas etc. - M.: Vyssh. shk., 1987.

2. Introduction to applied enzymology, ed. I.V. Berezin, K. Martinek. - Moscow: MGU, 1982.

3. Bailey, J. Fundamentals of biochemical engineering. 2 books. / J. Bailey, D. Ollis. M.: Mir, 1989.

4. Kulis Y.Y. Analytical systems based on immobilized enzymes / Y.Y. Kulis. Vilnius: Mokslal, 1981.

5. Klesiv A.A. Engineering enzymology to the industrial level. Biotechnology. Results of Science and Technology / A.A. Klesiv. M.: VINITI, 1989.

6. Sorochinskiy V.V. Enzyme electrodes // Results of science and technology. Biotechnology / V.V. Sorochinsky, B.I. Mounds. M.: VINITI. 1984. Vol.13.

7. Zagrebelny S.N. Biotechnology. P.2. Engineering enzymology. / S.N. Zagrebelny. Novosibirsk, 2001.

8. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and application. / B. Glick and J. Pasternak. M., 2002.


Examination

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (directions «Science-industrial activity» and «Biotechnology»)


IMMOBILIZED CELLS AND ENZYMES ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Jurin V.M.

Goal This course introduces the students to different immobilization methods, physiological and biochemical features of immobilized objects; gives a notion about its industrial realization

Basic courses Biochemistry, microbiology

Content

Introduction. Immobilized cells (enzymes) technology is part of biotechnology. General principles of immobilization methods. Immobilized systems and their various implementation areas. Immobilization techniques, entrapment matrix. Immobilized enzymes. Advantages and deficiencies of immobilized enzymes. Effect of immobilization procedure on enzyme activity. Enzyme electrodes and their research and technological realizations. Immobilized microorganisms. General principles of immobilized cell biocatalysts functioning. Immobilized cells physiology. Examples of immobilized cells industrial realization. Immobilized plant cells. Techniques and features of plant cell immobilization. Immobilization effects on metabolic activities and productivity in plant cell. Cyclic regime of product formation. Immobilized animal cells. Producing and immobilization of animal cells been isolated. Features of animal cells immobilization. Cells’ characteristics after immobilization



1. Bodei S.P. Immobilized cells and enzymes. Methods. - M.: Mir, 1988 2. Beresin I.P. Immobilized enzymes / I.P. Beresin, N.L. Klyachko, A.V.

Levashov et. al. - M.: Vyssh. shkola, 1987 3. Sinicyn A.I. Immobilized cells of microorganisms. / A.I. Sinicyn, E.I.

Rainina, V.I. Lozynsky, S.D. Spasov. - M.: Isd. Moscow Univ., 1994. 4. Realization of immobilized enzymes // Itogi nauki i techniki.

Biotechnologia. - M.: VINITI, 1986. 5. Yurin V.M. Immobilized cells and enzymes. - Minsk: BSU. 2006.


Test



COMPOUND BIOTRANSFORMATION

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, head of the department of biochemistry Semak I.V.

Goal

Learning of biochemical fundamentals of biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in living organisms; forming of understanding of commonness of processes of biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics; learning of essential principles of using enzymes of the biotransformation of xenobiotics for solving ecological, biotechnological, pharmacological, toxicological and medical problems.

Basic courses Biochemistry, xenobiology, biotechnology.

Content

Biochemical mechanisms of biotransformation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of endogenous and xenobiotic origin. Intracellular localization of enzymes of xenobiotics’ biotransformation and types of the catalyzed reactions: redox reactions, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. Peculiarities of regulation of processes of biotransformation. Species- and tissue-specificity of reactions of biotransformation and their role in adaptation of organisms to negative physical and chemical environmental factors. Use of enzymes of biotransformation of xenobiotics for synthesis of organic compounds, biodegradation of compounds of anthropogenic origin and biomonitoring of environmental pollution. Application of modern information technologies for modeling of biotechnology processes using enzymes of biotransformation of xenobiotics.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory, colloquiums, test.


1. Golovenko N.Y. Comparative biochemistry of alien compounds / N.Y. Golovenko, T.L. Karaseva. - Kiev: Navukova Dumka, 1983.

2. Golikov S.N. Common mechanisms of toxic action / S.N. Golikov, I.V. Sanotsky, L.A. Tiunov. - Leningrad: Meditsina, 1986.

3. Industrial Microbiology: Textbook. allowance for special schools. "Microbiology" and "Biology", Ed. N.S. Egorova. - M.: Vyssh. shk., 1989.

4. Butova S.N. Theoretical bases of biotechnology. The biochemical basis of the synthesis of biologically active substances / S.N. Butova, I.A. Tipiseva, G.I. E.l.-Registan, Ed. I.M. Grachev. - M.: Elevar, 2003.

5. Saprin A.N. Detoxification of xenobiotics in the body / A.N. Saprin. Results of science and technology. Common Problems of Physico-Chemical Biology. - Moscow: VINITI, 1990.

6. Ostroumov S.A. Introduction to Biochemical Ecology / S.A. Ostroumov Izd-vo Moscow University, 1986.


Test



TRANSGENIC EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biology sciences, associate professor of the Microbiology Department Pesnyakevich A. G.

Goal

The course is designed for students of biology departments, and aims to give the audience an idea of the methods of obtaining transgenic eukaryotic organisms, especially their use in the science and practice, the problems associated with their implementation in practice

Basic courses Biochemistry, microbiology, virology, molecular biology, genetics

Content

The course examines the features of the natural transformation of plant organisms during their colonization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, given characteristics of Ti-plasmids and T-DNA, are described by their basis vector system for introducing genetic information into the genome of plants. In the specific examples given of the selection of genes for production of transgenic plants and their modifications necessary for optimal functioning of input of genetic information. The course includes information about the features of the genetic transformation of unicellular fungi, the main vector systems developed to produce transgenic yeast, the advantages and disadvantages of using yeast in microbiological industry. Data on the potential of obtaining transgenic animals and used for this vector systems and methods. We discuss the socio-economic and social problems that have arisen in society as a result of the introduction of transgenic eukaryotes in practice.

Teaching methods Lectures, colloquiums


1. Glick B., Pasternak J. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and application M: Mir, 2002.

2. Singer M, Berg P. Genes and genomes. M.: Mir, 1998. 3. Yermishin A.P. Genetically modified organisms. Myths and Reality.

Mn.: Tehnalogiya 2004. 4. Kartel N.A., Kilchevsky A.V. Biotechnology in plant Mn.:

Tehnalogiya, 2005. 5. Biotechnology Biosafety Bioethics, ed. A.P. Ermishin. Mn.:

Tehnalogiya, 2005.


Examination



OBJECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THEIR USE

ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology Zheldakova R.A.

Goal The main goal of this course is to develop students' understanding of the fundamental and basic facilities in biotechnology: the cells of bacteria, yeast, fungi, higher and lower plants, animals, viral particles, etc. The course should also serve as the basis for a meaningful use of students in their future scientific work of modern methods and approaches to their study

Basic courses Introduction to biotechnology, cellular engineering, immobilized cells and enzymes.

Content

Objects of biotechnology and the production of microbial protein. Using objects of biotechnology for the production of biologically active substances. Objects of biotechnology, their specificity and environmental issues. Nontraditional forms of biological objects. Features and requirements to the objects of biotechnology.



1. Biotechnology: In 8 books. Ed. N.S. Egorov and V.D. Samuilova. Moscow: Higher School, 1986.

2. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and applications / B. Glick and J. Pasternak. M.: Mir, 2002.

3. Egorova TA Fundamentals of Biotechnology / T.A. Egorova, S.M. Klunova, E.A. Zhivuhina. Moscow: Izd. Center Academy ", 2003.

4. Evtushenkov A.N. Introduction to biotechnology: a course of lectures / A.N. Evtushenkov, Y.K. Fomichev. - Mn.: BSU, 2004.

5. Elinov N.P. Biotechnology / N.P. Elinov - St. Petersburg, 1995 Form of students reporting

Examination

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Science-industrial activity»)


APPLIED GENOMICS ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of molecular biology Nikolaichik E.A.

Goal To introduce students to the major achievements of genomics. Formation of the possibilities of modern methods of genomic research in various fields of biology

Basic courses Biochemistry, genetics, microbiology

Content

The history of genomic research. Methods of decoding of genomic sequences. Method of Sanger. Automatic sequencing. Pirosequencing. Nanotechnology in DNA sequencing: principles of action and the possibility of second-generation sequencers. Second-generation sequencers as a tool for measuring the quantitative characteristics of the genome (polymorphisms, levels of gene expression, etc.). Current approaches to the mapping of genomes. The diversity of genomes and their structure. The evolution of genomes. Molecular databases. Program for comparing nucleotide and protein sequences. Bioinformatics and experimental approaches to determine the functions of nucleic acids and proteins in their sequences: the identification of coding sequences, recognizing the structure of the gene search of binding sites of regulatory proteins, conserved protein motifs as an indicator of the possible function of the protein, the identification of DNA-binding domain signals of intra-and intercellular sorting protein modification sites of proteins. RNA interference and virus-induced gene silencing. Contingencies and regulated knockouts. Identification of the components of metabolic pathways. DNA microarrays, real-time PCR. Proteomic approaches: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry of proteins. Opportunities genomics to study biology uncultivated organisms. Metagenomics

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches

Literature

1. Brown T. A. Genomes / T. A. Brown NY: Garland Science, 2006 2. Koonin, E. V, Galperin, M. Y. Sequence - Evolution - Function.

Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics / E. V. Koonin, M. Y. Galperin. Norwell (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003

3. Lewin B. Genes VIII. / B. Lewin. Prentice Hall, 2004. Form of students reporting

Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Science-industrial activity»)


SELECTION OF PRODUCERS ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of genetics Khramtsova Е.А.

Goal To give an idea of genetic engineering of strain-producers in vivo and in vitro, and also of principles of selection of initial strain-producers for selection and of their use in industry, medicine and agriculture.

Basic courses Genetics; microbiology; molecular biology.

Content

Introduction. The basic directions of development of selection of producers. Principles of selection of an initial strain for selection. The requirements shown to industrial strains. Preparation of an initial strain for selection. Mutagenesis in vivo. Ways of mutant selection. Methods of increase of production of mutants. Ways of genetic engineering of strain-producers in vivo. Reception of recombinants of bacteria, fungi and yeast. Transposon mutagenesis. A method of fusion of protolayers and its use for reception of recombinants of bacteria, fungi and yeast. Ways of genetic engineering of strain-producers in vitro. The characteristic of the enzymes used in genetic engineering. DNA molecular vectors. Creation of genomic libraries. Screening of the received collection. Mutagenesis in vitro. A method of directed mutagenesis and its updatings. Features of engineering of producers based on eucariotic microorganisms. eucariotic expressing vectors. Secretion of the heterological fibers synthesised by yeast cells. Expressing vectors based on baculoviruses. expressing vectors for mammal cells. Optimisation of gene expression. Increase of an expression at the expense of efficiency of transcription, translation. Stabilisation of fibers. A metabolic overload. Selection of producers of biologically active substances.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches, the control of independent work of students.


1. Glik B. Molecular biotechnology. Principles and application / B. Glik, J. Pasternak. - М: Mir, 2002.

2. Debabov V.G. Modern methods of creation industrial strains of microorganisms / V.G.Debabov, V.A.Livshits. - М: Vyssh. shk., 1988.

3. Rybchin V. N. Bases of genetic engineering / V.N. Rybchin. - SPb.: SPbSTU, 1999.

4. Egorov N.S. Industrial microbiology / N.S. Egorov. - М.: Vyssh. shk., 1989.

5. Khramtsova E.A., Maksimova N.P. Methodical instructions to laboratory researches at the course «Selection of producers». - Mn.: BSU, 2008.


Test

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)


ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

ECTS: 5 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, head of laboratory of applied biochemical problems Kurchenko V.P.

Goal To form insight into the most important biotechnological processes used for isolation and purification of biological active substances

Basic courses Microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, biotechnology, immunology

Content

Introduction. Technical and technological characteristics of biotechnological products. Preparation of normative and technical documentation on biotechnological product. Requirements for technical specifications of biotechnological product. Preparation of laboratory, trial and industrial regulations for biotechnological products manufacturing. The major biotechnological products, their characteristics and fields of application. Protein and enzyme isolation. Biotechnology of amino acid: synthesis and purification. Isolation and purification of hormonal preparations. The sources for preparation of lipids and the main ways of their isolation. Preparation of nucleotides and nucleic acids. Preparation of sugars, polysaccharide and fields of their application. Preparation of oil-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The principles of antibiotic preparation. The main principles of alkaloid preparation. Vaccine preparation. Antiserum preparation. Preparation of fermentation products. Food supplements.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory classes, colloquiums


1. Bezborodov А.М. Biochemical principles of miclobiological synthesis. - Мoscow: “Light and food industry”, 1984.

2. Becker М.Е., Liepinen G.K., Raypulis E.P. Biotechnology. - Мoscow.: “Agropromizdat”, 1990.

3. Viestur W.E. Shmitte I.A., Zhilevich A.B. Biotechnology: Biotechnological agents, technology, facilities. - Riga: “Zanatne”, 1987.

4. Gracheva I.М., Krivova А.J. Technology of enzyme preparations. - 3-d ed. - Мoscow: “Elevar”, 2000.

5. Elinov N.P. Basis of biotechnology. - St. Peterburg: “Nauka”, 1995. 6. Kvesitadze G.I., Bezborodov А.М. Introduction into biotechnology. -

Мoscow: “Nauka”, 2002. 7. Nechaev A.P., Kochetkova A.A. Zaitsev A.N. Food supplements. -

Мoscow: “Kolos”, “Kolos-Press”, 2002. 8. Industrial microbiology / Egorova N.S. ed. - Мoscow: “Vysshaya

shkola”, 1989. 9. Scoupse R. Protein purification methods - Мoscow: “Mir”, 1985. 10. Technology of fat refinement / Arutyunyan N.S. ed. - Мoscow, 1985.


Test



REGULATION OF CELL METABOLISM ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the molecular biology department Y.A. Nikolaichik

Goal To give main principles of intracellular regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes


Content

Levels of metabolic regulation. Principles of transcriptional regulation. Regulatory proteins: structure, interaction with DNA and RNA polymerase, mechanisms of transcription repression and activation. Control of transcription termination. Operons and regulons. Catabolic repression mechanisms. Control of pre-mRNA processing and mRNA stability. Role of untranslated small RNA in regulation. Micro RNA. RNA interference. Protein folding and degradation as parts of regulatory networks. Common principles of sensory regulation. Two-component sensory systems, phosphotranslation systems.Chemotaxis control in bacteria. Major signalling patways in animal and plant cells. Mechanisms of cell adaptation to stress conditions. Control of stress regulons in bacteria via the alternative sigma factors. Temperature stress. Oxygen stress and redox control. Control of nitrogen utilisation. Cell cycle control in pro- and eukaryotes.

Teaching methods Lectures and practical training


1. Alberts B. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition / B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter. New York: Garland Publishing, 2008.

2. Lewin B. Genes VIII. / B. Lewin. Prentice Hall, 2004. 3. Current reviews in scientific journals


Examination



POPULATION ECOLOGY ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, Associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Zhukova H.A.

Goal To generate representation about population ecology, the basic methods of the analysis of structure and dynamics of populations, types of interpopulation interactions

Basic courses General ecology; Zoology of invertebrates and vertebrates

Content

Subject and problems of population ecology. Concept of "population". Number and density of a population and methods of their estimation. Spatial structure of populations. Sexual and age structure of populations. Genetic structure of populations. The basic dynamic characteristics of populations. Exponential growth of a population. The factors regulating growth of a population. Logistic growth of a population. Self-control of number of populations. Interpopulation interactions. Competition. Relations "predator-victim". Symbiotic mutual relations: parasitism, мутуализм, комменсализм



1. Bigon M., Sharper G., Taunsend K. Ecology: individuals, populations and communities. - М.: Mir, in 2 books, 1989.

2. Gilarov A. M. Population ecology. - М.: Publishing house Moscow University, 1990.


Examination

Recommended for Fourth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Bioecology»


PRIMARY PRODUCERS ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, Associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Makarevich T.A.

Goal To give the complete characteristic of primary producers as initial part and motive force of biotic cycle, generalization of structural, functional and taxonomy variety

Basic courses General ecology; algology and mycology; microbiology

Content

Introduction in a problem. Types of primary producers and their biogeochemical role. Primary production. Methods of primary production definition. Primary productivity of the main ecosystems on the Earth.



1. Alimov A.F. Introduction in productive hydrobiology. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989.

2. Alimov A.F. Element of the theory of functioning water ecosystem. - Sp.: Science, 2000.


Test



CONSUMERS ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Doctor of biological sciences, Professor, Corresponding member of BASSemenchenko V.P.

Goal

To give representation about consumers, their roles in circulation of substance and streams of energy in ecosystems of different type, laws of production, main principles of operation and management of separate populations and communities

Basic courses General ecology; zoology of invertebrates; zoology of vertebrates

Content

The energy approach in studying consumers. Consumption of food by consumers. Phytophagy. Predators. Detritophagy. Types of a feeding of various species. Secondary production. Biomanipulations and craft and a role of consumers in ecosystems.




2. Odum J. Osnovy of ecology. - М.: Mir, in 2 books, 1986.


Сredit



DECOMPOSERS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the departmentof microbiology Zheldakova R.A.

Goal

Рrovide updated information on decomposers link ecosystems as its component parts, is closely related to the activities of consumers and producers. The aim of the course is to examine the role of microorganisms, fungi and detritus feeders in the decomposition of organic substances, both natural and non-natural origin (xenobiotics)

Basic courses General ecology

Content

Introduction. Peculiarities of the functioning of individual groups of decomposers. Microorganisms as the main link of decomposers and their functions in the biosphere. Decomposers and issues of environmental biotechnology. Creation of genetically modified microorganisms and microbial consortia for these purposes. Bioremediation of contaminated soils and subsoils. Molecular ecology and problems uncultivated state of the cells



1. Bigon M., Harper J., Kaunsend C. Ecology. Individuals, populations and communities: in 2 volumes / M. Bigon, J. Harper., T. Kaunsend. - M.: Mir, Moscow, 1989.

2. Biocoenosis in nature and industrial conditions: Sb. scientific. tr. - Pushchino, 1987.

3. Zheldakova R.A. Decomposers in natural and artificial ekosystems: Course lectures. - Mn.: BSU, 2001.

4. Zavarzin A.G. Lectures on natural sciences of microbiology / A.G. Zavarzin. - M.: Nauka, 2003.

5. Environmental Biotechnology. - L.: Chemistry, 1990.


Сredit



ECONOMY OF NATURE MANAGEMENT ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor Struk M.I.

Goal

Form system of the knowledges about rational nature management and fetter of its achievement, reception of the knowledges about mechanism of management nature management in Belarus, aquisition skill economic estimation natural resource, estimations of the economic damage, connected with contamination surrounding ambiences, as well as estimations to cost-performance and nature conservation action

Basic courses General ecology; main principles of economy

Content

Economy of nature management as a branch of economy science and a subject matter. Natural resources as the factor of economic development. Economic estimation of natural resources. Economic estimation of damage from environmental contamination and the efficiency of nature protection actions. Ecological normalization. Management and rational use of nature resources. Planning of nature management.

Teaching methods Lectures, practical trainings (seminars)


1. Shimova O.S. Bas of ecology and economy of wildlife management. - Mn.: BGEU, 2002.

2. Ecology and economy of wildlife management. The textbook for high schools / under E.V. Girusova. - М.: the law and the right, 1998.


Сredit



ECOLOGICAL MONITORING, CONTROL AND EXPERTISE

ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, Associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Makarevich T.A.

Goal To generate complete representation about existing in the world and in Belarus system of monitoring over the environmental condition, an estimation and regulation of this condition

Basic courses General ecology; hydroecology, landscape ecology

Content Introduction in a problem. Admissible influences and loadings on elements of biosphere. Ecological normalization. Ecological monitoring. Regulation of quality of environment



1. Alimov A.F. Introduction in productive hydrobiology. - Л.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989.

2. Alimov A.F. Element of the theory of functioning water ecosystem. - Sp.: Science, 2000.


4. Odum J. Basics of ecology. - М.: Mir, in 2 books, 1986.


Test



ECOLOGICAL LAW ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Department of ecological and agricultural law of faculty of law

Goal Training of professionals in the legal regulation of the use of natural resources and environment, as well as environmental education, education and training

Basic courses Fundamentals of law

Content

Subject and system of ecological law. Sources of ecological law. Ecological relationship. ecological laws of citizens of the Republic of Belarus. Ownership of natural objects and natural resources. The right of nature. State environmental management and environmental protection. Organizational and legal forms of environmental control. Environmental and legal liability. Legal protection of the environment and ensuring ecological safety in the process of economic activity. Legal protection of the environment and environmental security of settlements. Legal environmental security in environmental emergencies



1. Balashenko S.A., Demichev D.M. Environmental Law: Textbook. allowance. Minsk: Uradzhay, 1999.

2. Brinchuk M.M. Environmental Law (Environmental Law). M.: Lawyers, 1998.

3. Environmental Law of Russia: Textbook, Ed. V.D. Ermakova, A.Y. Sukharev. M., 1997.


Test



BIOPHYSICS ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of biochemistry Novikov D.A., candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of biochemistry Filimonov M.M.

Goal

To provide guidance on the major physical processes proceeding in live organisms, main principles and theoretical positions of biophysics. To explain interrelation of physical and biological aspects of functioning of live systems. Formation of skills of the biophysical approach to an experimental research of the biological phenomena and laws.

Basic courses Physics, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology

Content

Introduction. History of development of biophysics. Thermodynamics of biological systems. Bases of calculation of thermodynamic functions of the major molecular-power processes in biosstems. Kinetics biological processes. Molecular biophysics. Polymorphism of spatial structure of biopolymers. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics denaturation and renaturation fibers and nucleonic acids. Biophysics of biomembranes. Laws of permeability and mechanisms of transport of substances through biomembranes. The bioelectric phenomena Molecular mechanisms of processes of power interface and synthesis macroergitions connections. Biophysics muscular and not muscular contractive systems. The basic laws of photobiological processes Biological action of laser radiation. Biophysical principles of regulation of biological processes.

Teaching methods Lectures, laboratory researches, colloquiums, computer testing


1. Rubin A.B. Biofizika. М: the Book house. University, 1999-2000. Т. 1-2.

2. Antonov V. F. Biophysics. М: The centre, 2002. 3. Rubin A.B. Biophysics lectures. М: Publishing house Moscow

university, 1994. 4. Kostyuk P. G, etc. Biophysics. Kiev, 1988. 5. Konev W.В., Volotovsky I.D. Fotobiology. Mn.: Publishing house

Belorusokogo university, 1979 6. 6. Tarusov B.N., etc. Biophysics. М: Higher school, 1968.


Examination

Recommended for Fifth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology»


XENOBIOLOGY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s)

Doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of plant physiology and biochemistry Jurin V.M.; сandidat of biological sciences, associate professor of department plant physiology and biochemistry Kudryashov A.P.

Goal This course gives an idea about xenobiotics’ transport, biotransformation, allocation and also biological effect been induced by xenobiotics on the different living systems levels

Basic courses Inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, biochemistry, plant physiology, ecology and nature concervation.

Content

Introduction. Causes and the scale of chemical pollution of biosphere. General types of global chemical pollutions, their toxicological and ecological characteristics. Biological activity of substances. The concept of xenobiotic poisonous action; methods of their classification. Mechanisms of membrane permeability modification by xenobiotics. Development of biological response: kinetics and balance. General regularity and mechanisms forming the basis of xenobiotics’ antagonism and synergism. Mechanisms of substances transport across membrane. Effects of xenobiotics on the membrane permeability and also physical-chemical characteristics of cytoplasm. Xenobiotic intake and release. Biotransformation of organic xenobiotics. Metals in the living system and their effects. Xenobiotic bioaccumulation. Determination of the xenobiotic selectivity action concept. Selectivity determining factors. Xenobiotic behaviour in ecosystems: biotic and abiotic factors interaction. Xenobiotics biological activities testing. Development of industrial, agricultural and ecological monitoring principles on a basis of xenobiotics biological detection



1. Albert A. Selective toxicity. - M.: Medicina, 1989 (2 v.) 2. Barenboim G.M., Malenkov A.G. Biologically active substances. New

principles of search. - M.: Nauka, 1986 3. Golovenko H.Y., Karaseva T.L. Comparative biochemistry of foreign

compounds. - Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1983 4. Kvesitadze G.I., Chatisashvili G.A., Sadunishvili T.A., Evstigneeva

Z.G. Methabolism of anthropogenic toxicants in higher plants. - M.: Nauka, 2005

5. Fellenberg G. Nature pollution. Introduction in ecological chemistry. - M. : Mir, 1997


Examination

Recommended for Fifth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology»


MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ECTS: 4 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Сandidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the molecular biology department Y.A. Nikolaichik

Goal To give basic understanding of universal principles of molecular biological processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells


Content

Genome organisation in major groups of organisms. DNA replication. Replicative and reparative synthesis of DNA. The mechanism and catalysis of DNA polymerisation reaction. Initiation of replication in eu- and prokaryotes. Topological problems of DNA replication. Reparation of DNA damage. DNA recombination and transposition. Transcription. Structures of RNA polymerases and their promoters. Transcription factors. RNA processing. Modification of transcript ends. Splicing of introns of various types. Translation. mRNA, tRNA and rRNA structures and functions. Genetic code and its properties. tRNA aminoacylation. Involvement of translation factors in three stages of translation. Protein folding and degradation. Molecular chaperones, ATP-dependent proteases and 26S proteosome of eukaryotes. Protein transport (secretion and intracellular sorting). Sensory processes and intracellular regulation

Teaching methods Lectures and seminars

Literature

1. Alberts B. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition / B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter. New York: Garland Publishing, 2008.

2. Lewin B. Genes VIII. / B. Lewin. Prentice Hall, 2004. 3. Watson J. D. Molecular Biology of the Gene, Fifth Edition / J. D.

Watson, T. A. Baker, S. P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine, R. Losick. CSH Laboratory Press, 2004.

4. Lodish H. Molecular Cell Biology (5th Edition) / H. Lodish, A. Berk, P. Matsudaira, C. A. Kaiser, M. Krieger, M. P. Scott, L. Zipursky, J. Darnell. New York: W.H. Freeman & Company. 2004.


Examination

Recommended for Fifth-year students undergraduate students specialized in «Biology»


MOLECULAR BASIS OF ONTOGENESIS ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Сandidat of biological sciences, associate professor of the molecular biology department Khodosovskaja A.V.

Goal To give representation about molecular mechanisms underlying individual organism development

Basic courses Developmental biology, biochemistry, genetics

Content

Introduction. Methods of the investigation of molecular aspects of development. General principles of realization of genetic programs of development: transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of differential gene expression; epigenetic level of regulation of genome activity. Signal transduction – transmission of information to cells due to intermolecular interaction. Genetic control of proliferation and cell differentiation. Sex determination, gametogenesis and fertilization. Molecular basis of patterning in early development of vertebrate and unvertebrate animals. Phenomenon of embryonic induction. Molecular mechanism of neurogenesis. Formation of mesoderm and its derivatives (molecular and cellular aspects). The role of apoptosis in development. Molecular basis of aging.

Teaching methods Lectures and seminars

Literature

1. Dondua A.K. Developmental Biology. In 2 parts. - St. Petersburg.: S-Petersburg. University, 2005.[rus]

2. Korochkin L.I. Biology of individual development (genetic aspect). - Moscow: MGU, 2002.[rus]

3. Gilbert S. Developmental Biology. V. 1-3. – M.: Mir, 1993-1995.[rus] 4. Molecular Cell Biology (5th Edition) / Lodish H. et. al. W.H. Freeman

& Company, 2003. 5. Lewin B. Genes VIII . Prentice Hall, 2004.


Examination

Recommended for Fifth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)


BIOTECHNOLOGY TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE

ECTS: 3 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of microbiology Zheldakova R.A.

Goal To form representation about modern state, the basic directions and prospects of biotechnology in the protection of the environment, the characteristics used for this method

Basic courses Introduction to biotechnology

Content

Introduction. Features ecosystem pollution by xenobiotics, toxicants and other chemicals. Methods for determining biodegradability of substances. Decomposition of pesticides by microorganisms, Oil and waste of its processing as one of the main factors of environmental pollution. The main directions of strains selection: hemostatnaya selection, use the D-plasmids, construction of strains-destructors in vitro and new katabolism ways, protein engineering of enzymes biodegradation. Characterization of plasmids biodegradation and their biological characteristics. Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) and their introduction into natural cenoses, analysis and control methods of behavior in the ecosystem



1. Bespamyatnov G.P., Krotov Yu. A. Maximum allowable concentrations of chemicals in the environment / Bespamyatnov G.P., Krotov A. Yu. L.: Chemistry, 1985.

2. Biocenosis in nature and industrial conditions: Scientific. pap. Pushchino, 1987.

3. Glick B. Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and applications / B. Glick and J. Pasternak. M.: Mir, 2002.

4. Yermishin A.P. Biotechnology. Biosafety. Bioethics / Ermishin A.P. - Mn.: Tehnalogiya, 2005.

5. Zavarzin A.G. Lectures on natural sciences of microbiology / Zavarzin AG: Nauka, 2003.

6. Ecology of microorganisms. Textbook. for stud. High schools / A.I. Netrusov, E.A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya, V.M. Gorlenko and others, Ed A.I. Netrusova. - Moscow: Izd. Center Academy, 2004.

Web-sites: 7. www.ecology.psu.ru/iegmcol/strain 8. www.asmusa.org 9. www.microbes.org


Test

Recommended for Fifth-year undergraduate students specialized in «Biology» (direction «Biotechnology»)

http://www.asmusa.org/


RADIOECOLOGY ECTS: 2 (Credits)

Lecturer(-s) Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the department of general ecology and methods of biology teaching Makarevich T.A.

Goal To generate the system of knowledge of laws of radionuclides migration in water ecosystems of different type, about the mechanisms of ecosystem autopurification from radioactive pollution

Basic courses General ecology; radiobiology

Content Introduction in a problem. Admissible influences and loadings on biosphere elements. Ecological normalization. Ecological monitoring. Regulation of environmental quality.


Literature (in Russian) 1. Pivovarov U.P. Radiating's brewers ecology. - М.: Publishing center "Academy", 2004.


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