Lectures 11-12.

Development in Asia: Is the World Centre Moving

to Eastward?

The first predictions of Asian crisis

• Krugman P. The Myth of Asia's Miracle. – Foreign Affairs, 1994, N 6, November-December.

• UNCTAD. Trade and Development Report 1996, Part 2, chapters I – III, esp. pp. 102-103.

Japanese structure Korean structure

The East Asian model of associated-dependent development

The East Asian model of associated-dependent development

Expenditures for R&D (as percentage of GDP) in OECD (average) and some East Asian countries,

1995-1996

Expenditures for R&D (as percentage of GDP) in some OECD and East Asian countries, 2005-2008

The problem of creativity• Ng Aik Kwang. Why Asians Are Less Creative

Than Westerners. Singapore: Prentice Hall, 2001:

• A ‘cognitive conservatism’:

• “a constellation of attributes, which leads the person to adopt a passive, uncritical and uncreative orientation to learning and to hold fatalistic, superstitious and stereotypical beliefs; as well as to be authoritarian, dogmatic and conformist.” (P. 65)

• +• The lack of “individually-oriented achievement

motivation” (Ibid., p. 113)