Class Experiment

ROLE

observercontestantquizmaster

Mean

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

QUIZMAST

CONTESTA

The Tipping Point (M. Gladwell)“The Tipping Point is the biography of an idea

and the idea is very simple. It is that the best way to understand the emergence of fashion trends, the ebb and flow of crime waves, or, for that matter, the transformation of unknown books into bestsellers, or the rise in teenage smoking, or the phenomenon of word of mouth, or any number of the other mysterious changes that mark everyday life is to think of them as epidemics. Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread just like viruses do.”

Hush Puppies Old-men’s shoes?

Once a very popular brand known for their comfortable “loafers” Brush-suede shoes

By 1994, it looked like Hush Puppies were a thing of the past

Only 30,000 pairs sold annually Mostly to backwoods outlets and small town family

stores The Wolverine Company was ready to discontinue

the line after almost 30 years of production

Then something happened…

Hush-Puppies “Tipped” Two Hush Puppy executives learned that

Hush Puppies had suddenly become “hip” and “cool” in Manhattan Night-clubs The shoes were being bought in thrift stores

in the Village and SOHO and becoming hard to find

Why would such unfashionable shoes suddenly become fashionable?

Hush-Puppies “Tipped” By 1995, Fashion Designers wanted to

use Hush Puppies in their upcoming fashion shows

A Los Angeles designer put a 25-foot Bassett-Hound on the roof of his Hollywood store and gutted an adjacent art gallery to turn it into a “Hush Puppy” boutique

Hush-Puppies “Tipped”

Sales went from 30,000 pair in 1994 to 430,000 pairs in 1995 Over 1.5 million pairs were sold in 1996

By 1996 Hush Puppies had become a staple of the wardrobe of the Young American male

Hush Puppies had “tipped”

Why did Hush Puppies tip?

Company executives were baffled They had initially done nothing to promote the

brand A small group of kids in the East Village

had decided to wear them Not to promote them, BUT because they were

SO unfashionable NO ONE else would wear them

Word spread entirely from word-of-mouth

Hush Puppies.. Then a small group of fashion

designers used them to peddle “Haute Couture”

No one tried to make Hush Puppies a trend, but they did

Malcolm Gladwell’s Tipping Point The story of Hush Puppies illustrates the

central argument of Malcolm Gladwell’s book The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference

Gladwell argues that to understand the phenomena of new trends, you should study them as “social epidemics”

Social Epidemics The rise of Hush Puppies is a text-book

example of an epidemic in action Contagious behavior

No one said Hush Puppies were “cool” Those kids just started wearing them as a

rebellious statement of counter-culture In doing so they “exposed” others and

“infected” them with the “Hush Puppy virus”

Three Characteristics of an Epidemic

Contagiousness Little Causes with Big Effects Change that happens not gradually but at

one dramatic moment

This is exactly how a virus spreads The same principles behind the spread of

measles in a second-grade classroom Or the winter flu

The Tipping PointSmall changes can have big effects The law of the few -- individual actions can be amplified by

social connections, energy, enthusiasm and personality Connectors – those who know lots of people…social glue Mavens – those who accumulate knowledge…data banks Salesmen – those with skills to persuade…persuaders

The stickiness factor-- simple changes in the presentation and structuring of information can make a big difference in its impact

The power of context -- individual behavior is markedly affected by the environment

The Tipping Point The possibility of sudden change is at the

center of the idea of the tipping point We can define the tipping point as the moment

of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point The term first came into use in the 1970s to

describe residential segregation caused by the flight of whites to the suburbs from old American cities

When the number of African Americans moving in to the neighborhood reached 20% the population “tipped” and whites fled

The Tipping Point Every new technology has a tipping

point 1984: First low-cost Fax Machines introduced

Sales grew slowly but steadily until 1987, when enough people had faxes that it made sense for EVERYONE to have a fax -- 1987 was the tipping point

Cell Phones got smaller, cheaper, and service improved through the 1990s When they tipped in 1998 and everyone had a cell

phone

Role Models in a Community Sociologists have looked at the number of role

models in a community Professionals, managers, teachers – “High Status”

workers In neighborhoods with 5 – 40% high status workers,

there is little change in pregnancy rates, school drop-out rates

Go below 5% and problems explode Go from 5.6% to 3.4% and drop-out rates double Its not slow gradual change, but dramatic and

substantial The Tipping Point was at 5%