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Hung Nguyen-Xuan • Phuc Phung-VanTimon RabczukEditors

Proceedings of theInternational Conference onAdvances in ComputationalMechanics 2017ACOME 2017, 2 to 4 August 2017, Phu QuocIsland, Vietnam

123

EditorsHung Nguyen-XuanCIR TechnologyHo Chi Minh City Universityof Technology

Ho Chi MinhVietnam

Phuc Phung-VanFaculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium

Timon RabczukComputational MechanicsBauhaus-University WeimarWeimarGermany

ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Mechanical EngineeringISBN 978-981-10-7148-5 ISBN 978-981-10-7149-2 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7149-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017957662

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Preface

This book contains selected papers from the second International Conference onAdvances in Computational Mechanics (ACOME 2017), held at Phu Quoc Island,Vietnam, from 2 August to 4 August 2017. The conference provides an interna-tional forum for scholars and researchers to exchange knowledge and expertise inthe development of modern numerical methods and their applications to chal-lenging engineering problems. The ACOME conference in 2017 received over140 submissions from different universities and research institutes of 20 countries.They were allocated into 6 parallel technical sessions, including eight plenarytalks and several keynote talks. This book contains 75 selected papers from theconference that cover “Biological Systems”, “Computational Fracture and DamageMechanics”, “Catastrophic Destruction Mechanics and Numerical Modelling”,“Computational Mechatronics”, “Composites and Hybrid Structures”, “FlowProblems”, “Multiscale Multiphysics Problems”, “Numerical Methods andHigh-Performance Computing”, “Optimisation and Inverse Problems”, “ReinforcedConcrete, Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Structures”. These papers wereselected in a peer-reviewing process by at least two independent reviewers that arerecognised experts in the topical field.

The editors would like to thank all the authors for their contributions to thisconference. We also express our sincere gratitude to the dedicated reviewers fortheir time and contribution to enhance the scientific quality of the manuscripts.

The conference was jointly hosted by the Vietnam Association of ComputationalMechanics (VACOM) and Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HUTECH). We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the sponsors:National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED),SAKI Corporation, Duy Tan University (DTU) and China Medical UniversityTaiwan (CMU).

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Hung Nguyen-XuanGhent, Belgium Phuc Phung-VanWeimar, Germany Timon Rabczuk

v

Organising Committee

ChairmanHung Nguyen-Xuan, Hutech University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Co-chairmanTimon Rabczuk, Bauhaus University Weimar, GermanyAntonio J. M. Ferreira, University of Porto, Portugal

Finance DivisionDuc Ngoc Nguyen, Hutech University, Vietnam

Conference SecretariatPhuc Phung-Van, Ghent University, BelgiumTu Le-Van, The University of Melbourne, AustraliaKhanh Chau-Nguyen, Hutech University, VietnamKhai Chau-Nguyen, Hutech University, VietnamChi Kim Nguyen, Hutech University, Vietnam

Local Organising CommitteeSon Hoai Nguyen, HCMC University of Technology and Education, VietnamQuy Minh Le, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, VietnamHung Quoc Nguyen, Vietnam-German University, VietnamCanh Van Le, HCMC International University, VNU-HCMC, VietnamThanh Dinh Chau, HCMC University of Technology and Education, VietnamLong Minh Nguyen, HCMC University of Technology, Vietnam

vii

viii Organising Committee

Contents

Part I Computational Fracture and Damage Mechanics

Truss Damage Detection Using Modified Differential EvolutionAlgorithm with Comparative Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Sumin Kim, Nam Il Kim, Hyunjoo Kim, T. N. Nguyen, Q. X. Lieuand Jaehong Lee

Finite Element Simulation on Small Punch Test for an Evaluationof J-integral for TRIP Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17H. T. Pham and T. Iwamoto

On the Buckling Behavior of Multi-cracked FGM Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Nguyen Dinh Duc, Truong Duc Trinh, Thom Van Do and Duc Hong Doan

Using a Non-local Elastic Damage Model to Predict the Fatigue Lifeof Asphalt Pavement Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47H. T. Tai Nguyen and N. Hung Nguyen

Failure of Building Structural Members During the Cooling Phaseof a Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Q. V. Truong, T. H. Pham and T. B. Chu

Numerical Studies of Some Modified Polarization Saturation Modelsin 2-D Semipermeable Piezoelectric Media Using DistributedDislocation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Kuldeep Sharma and Sandeep Singh

Stress Analysis of Silicon-Based Anode in Li-Ion Battery . . . . . . . . . . . 95T. Nguyen-Huu and Q. Le-Minh

Modeling of 3D Inflatable Large Deformation Air Plug in ContactWith Concrete Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Anan Liao, Hui Shang, Xiaoyong Kou, Jun Huang and Xiaoying Zhuang

ix

Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Circular Tunnelin Cohesive-Frictional Soils Using the Node-Based SmoothedFinite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123T. Vo-Minh, T. Nguyen-Minh and A. Chau-Ngoc

Numerical Studies on Contact Problem of Inter-locking ConcreteBlocks Forming Revetment Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143L. Dang-Bao, P. Truong-Thi, M. A. Wahab and Hung Nguyen-Xuan

Part II Multiscale Multiphysics Problems

Orientation-Dependent Response of Pure Zinc Grains UnderInstrumented Indentation: Micromechanical Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157N. P. T. Nguyen, F. Abbès, B. Abbès and Y. Li

Atomistic Simulation of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Under Bending . . . . . 171T. Nguyen-Van, T. Nguyen-Danh and Q. Le-Minh

Part III Optimization and Inverse Problems

A Quick Computational Method for Improving Aerodynamic Shapeof UAV Wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183D. Tran-Duy, C. Nguyen-Duc, K. Mai and T. Nguyen-Duc

Engineering Optimization Using an Improved Epsilon DifferentialEvolution with Directional Mutation and Nearest NeighborComparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201A. H. Pham, C. T. Vu, D. B. Nguyen and D. T. Tran

Optimization of the Longitudinal Cooling Finby Levenberg–Marquardt Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Q. Nguyen, S. Nguyen-Hoai, T. Chuong-Thiet and T. Lam-Phat

An Artificial Neural Network-Based Optimization of StiffenedComposite Plate Using A New Adjusted Differential EvolutionAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229T. Lam-Phat, S. Nguyen-Hoai, V. Ho-Huu, Q. Nguyenand T. Nguyen-Thoi

Part IV Reinforced Concrete, Steel and Steel-Concrete CompositeStructures

Theorical and Experimental Studies on Hybrid Steel-RC Walls . . . . . . . 245Nguyen Quang-Huy, Hjiaj Mohammed and Tran Van Toan

Numerical Study on a New Through-Column-Type Joint for RCSFrame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261D. D. Le, X. H. Nguyen and Q. H. Nguyen

x Contents

Flexural Behavior of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Concrete T-BeamsExternally Bonded With CFRP Sheets Under Static Loading . . . . . . . . 273Q. P. T. Truong, P. Phan-Vu, D. Tran-Thanh, T. D. Dangand L. Nguyen-Minh

Numerical Analysis of the Behaviors of End-Plate Beam-to-ColumnSteel Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291A. T. Le and H. Pham

Experimental and Numerical Research on the Fire Behaviourof Steel Column Protected by Gypsum Plasterboard Under FireCondition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307T. Nguyen-Vo, V. Nguyen-Duc and H. Tran

Part V Composites and Hybrid Structures

Comparison Between Numerical and Experimental Resultsof the Hybrid Members Subjected to Bending and Shear . . . . . . . . . . . 327T. V. Tran and H. Q. Nguyen

Analytical Behavior of Rectangular Plates Under in-Planeand Lateral Dynamic Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Sofia W. Alisjahbana, Wiratman Wangsadinata and Irene Alisjahbana

Static Analysis of FG-CNTRC Plates Using C0-HSDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357T. Nguyen-Quoc, S. Nguyen-Hoai and D. Mai-Duc

Finite Element Simulation of the Strength of Corrugated BoardBoxes Under Impact Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369V. Dung Luong, Fazilay Abbès, Boussad Abbès, P. T. Minh Duong,Jean-Baptiste Nolot, Damien Erre and Ying-Qiao Guo

Static and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally GradedShells Using a Cell-Based Smoothed Discrete Shear Gap Methodand Triangular Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381D. Le-Xuan, H. Pham-Quoc, V. Tran-The and N. Nguyen-Van

Optimal Volume Fraction of Functionally Graded Beams withVarious Shear Deformation Theories Using Social GroupOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395A. H. Pham, T. V. Vu and T. M. Tran

A Node-Based MITC3 Element for Analyses of Laminated CompositePlates Using the Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory . . . . . . . . . . 409T. Chau-Dinh, T. Truong-Duc, K. Nguyen-Trung and H. Nguyen-Van

Equivalent Inclusion Approach and Approximations for ThermalConductivity of Composites with Fibrous Fillers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Nguyen Trung Kien, Nguyen Thi Hai Duyen and Pham Duc Chinh

Contents xi

Crack Detection in a Beam on Elastic Foundation Using DifferentialQuadrature Method and the Bees Algorithm Optimization . . . . . . . . . . 439R. Khademi Zahedi, P. Alimouri, Hung Nguyen-Xuan and Timon Rabczuk

Nonlinear Static Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded PlatesUsing MISQ24 Elements with Drilling Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461H. Nguyen-Van, H. L. Ton-That, T. Chau-Dinh and N. D. Dao

A Pull-Out Test to Characterize the Fiber/Matrix InterfacesAging of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites . . . . . . . . . 477C. Nguyen-Duy, A. Makke and G. Montay

A Modified Moving Kriging Interpolation-Based Meshfree Methodwith Refined Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory for Analysisof Functionally Graded Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485V. Vu-Tan and S. Phan-Van

Bending Analysis of Laminated Composite Beams Using HybridShape Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Ngoc-Duong Nguyen, Trung-Kien Nguyen, Thien-Nhan Nguyenand Thuc P. Vo

Part VI Numerical Methods and High Performance Computing

Numerical Analysis of Hybrid Members Using FEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521T. V. Tran

Effect of Hyper-Parameters on Deep Learning Networks in StructuralEngineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537Seunghye Lee, Mehriniso Zokhirova, Tan Tien Nguyen and Jaehong Lee

DOF Condensation of Thick Curved Beam Element Formulated byIsogeometric Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Buntara S. Gan, Dinh-Kien Nguyen, Aylie Han and Sofia W. Alisjahbana

Optimal Airplanes’ Paths For Minimizing Airline Company’s CostSubjected to Passengers’ Demand: Formulation and Verification . . . . . 561V. H. Nguyen, M. Ehsaei, J. Creedon, G. Sanjabi and D. T. Nguyen

A New Beam Theory Considering Horizontal Shear Strain . . . . . . . . . . 579T. Vu-Thanh

Analytical Study on In-plane and Out-of-plane Responses of a CurvedFloating Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591B. K. Lim, J. Dai, K. K. Ang and G. C. Yap

Establishment of Artificial Accelerogram for Shaking Table Test . . . . . 605T. Nguyen-Vo, T. Do-Tien and K. Nguyen-Trung

xii Contents

A Naturally Stabilized Nodal Integration Meshfree Formulationfor Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded MaterialPlates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Chien H. Thai, Dung T. Tran and Hung Nguyen-Xuan

Nondestructive Vibrational Tests and Analytical Solutions toDetermine the Young’s Modulus of Rammed Earth Material . . . . . . . . 631Quoc-Bao Bui

Investigation of A5052 Aluminum Alloy to SS400 Steelby MIG Welding Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645Quoc Manh Nguyen, Huong Thao Dang Thi, Van Thinh Nguyen,Minh Hue Pham Thi, Khac Thong Nguyen, Shyh-Chour Huangand Van Nhat Nguyen

Behaviour of Two Chamber Aluminium Profiles UnderAxial Crushing: An Experimental and Numerical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Nguyen-Hieu Hoang, Magnus Langseth, Gaute Grubenand Terence Coudert

Part VII Flow Problems

Evaluating the Saltwater Intrusion to Aquifer Upper-MiddlePleistocene (qp2–3) in Coastal Area of Tra Vinh ProvinceDue to Groundwater Exploitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Huynh Van Hiep, Nguyen The Hung and Pham Van Long

Study the Hull Form and Propeller-Rudder System of the FishingVessel for Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Victor G. Bugaev, Dam Van Tung and Yana R. Domashevskaya

Research the Strength of the Decking Overlap of the Fishing Vesselfor Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Victor G. Bugaev, Dam Van Tung and Yana R. Domashevskaya

Analysis and Evaluation of the Ground Wave PropagationDue to Blasting Activities of the Road Construction by NumericalModels and Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709Lan Nguyen, Huy Hung Pham and Phuong Hoa Hoang

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis of Revetment Structures—AnOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723T. Vu-Huu, C. Le-Thanh, Phuc Phung-Van, Hung Nguyen-Xuanand M. Abdel-Wahab

Building the Empirical Formula Defining Parameters of Blast Wavein Coral Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733L. Vu-Dinh and T. Nguyen-Huu

Contents xiii

A CFD Modeling of Subcooled Pool Boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741T. T. Nguyen, H. N. Duong, V. T. Tran and H. Kikura

Optimization of Precision Die Design on High-PressureDie Casting of AlSi9Cu3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759T. A. Do and V. T. Tran

Flow and Performance Analysis of a Valveless Micropump . . . . . . . . . . 773P. K. Das and A. B. M. T. Hasan

Aeroelastic Analysis on Wing Structure Using Immersed BoundaryMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783D. T. K. Hoang, S. V. Pham, K. N. Tran, C. D. Nguyen and K. P. Nguyen

Development of a 3-DOF Haptic Tele-manipulator System UsingMagnetorheological Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Nguyen Ngoc Diep, Hung Nguyen-Xuan, Nguyen Ngoc Tuyenand Nguyen Quoc Hung

Studying Convective Flow in a Vertical Solar Chimney at LowRayleigh Number by Lattice Boltzmann Method: A Simple Methodto Suppress the Reverse Flow at Outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Y. Q. Nguyen

A Dual Approach to Modeling Solute Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821H. Nguyen-The

A Nonlocal Formulation for Weakly Compressible Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . 835Huilong Ren and Xiaoying Zhuang

CFD Simulations of the Natural Cavitating Flow Around High-SpeedSubmerged Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851T. T. Nguyen, H. N. Duong, T. Q. Nguyen and H. Kikura

Effect of Low-Frequency Flow on Cable Dry-State Galloping . . . . . . . . 875H. Vo-Duy, L. Hoang-Trong, M. Nguyen-Van and V. Nguyen-Hoang

Investigation on Turbulence Effects on Flutter Derivativesof Suspended Truss Bridge Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891L. Hoang-Trong, V. Nguyen-Hoang and H. Vo-Duy

Numerical Modelling of the Aeroelastic Response of Irregular SlenderStructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Cung H. Nguyen

Analysis of Fluid–Structures Interaction Problem of Revetment SlopeThin-Walled Structure Using Abaqus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917P. Truong-Thi, L. Dang-Bao, M. Abdel Wahab, H. Duong-Ngoc,T. Hoang-Duc and Hung Nguyen-Xuan

xiv Contents

Influence of Swelling Pressure on Pore Water in Embankment Corewith Swelling Clay Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927Tuong Nguyen Ke, Hung Nguyen Pham Khanh, Hung Nguyen Minh,Hung Nguyen Viet and Thi Nguyen Minh

Part VIII Catastrophic Destruction Mechanics and NumericalModelling

Concrete Mesoscopic Model and Numerical Simulation Basedon Quadtree Mesh Refinement Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941Guojian Shao and Shengyong Ding

A Coupling of Three-Dimensional Finite Element Methodand Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Based onComplementary Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955C. Su, Z. M. Ren, V. H. Dao and Y. J. Dong

Part IX Computational Mechatronics

Analysis and Summarization of a Mechanism Featuring VariableStiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977Do Xuan Phu, Nguyen Quoc Hung and Ta Duc Huy

Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic–Mechanical System UsingProportional Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991D. T. Luan, L. Q. Ngoc and P. H. Hoang

A Tooth Profile Design for Roots Rotors of Vacuum Pump . . . . . . . . . . 1003V. Tran-The and T. Do-Anh

Cascade Training Multilayer Fuzzy Model for IdentifyingNonlinear MIMO System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017Cao Van Kien and Ho Pham Huy Anh

Enhanced Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for NonlinearUncertain Serial Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) RobotSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033Cao Van Kien and Ho Pham Huy Anh

Performance Evaluation of a 2D-Haptic Joystick FeaturingBidirectional Magneto-Rheological Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051Tri Bao Diep, Hiep Dai Le, Cuong Van Vo and Hung Quoc Nguyen

Design and Evaluation of a Shear-Mode MR Damperfor Suspension System of Front-Loading Washing Machines . . . . . . . . . 1061D. Q. Bui, V. L. Hoang, H. D. Le and H. Q. Nguyen

Contents xv

Part X Computational Dynamics

Transient Analysis of Laminated Composite Shells Usingan Edge-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075D. Pham-Tien, H. Pham-Quoc, V. Tran-The, T. Vu-Khacand N. Nguyen-Van

Estimating Modal Parameters of Structures Using ArduinoPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095Tuan Ta Duc, Tuan Le Anh and Huong Vu Dinh

Analysis of Dynamic Impact Factors of Bridge Due to MovingVehicles Using Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105T. Nguyen-Xuan, Y. Kuriyama and T. Nguyen-Duy

Stationary Random Vibration Analysis of Dynamic Vehicle-BridgeInteraction Due to Road Unevenness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121T. Nguyen-Xuan, Y. Kuriyama and T. Nguyen-Duy

Dynamic Analysis of Beams on Two-Parameter ViscoelasticPasternak Foundation Subjected to the Moving Loadand Considering Effects of Beam Roughness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139T. Tran-Quoc, H. Nguyen-Trong and T. Khong-Trong

Part XI Biological Systems

The Prevention of Pressure Ulcers: Biomechanical Modelizationand Simulation of Human Seat Cushion Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157T. H. Bui, P. Lestriez, D. Pradon, K. Debray and R. Taiar

xvi Contents

Part IXComputational Mechatronics

THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS

ACOME 2017 August 02 - 04, Phu Quoc, Vietnam

991

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC –MECHANICAL

SYSTEM USING PROPORTIONAL VALVE

D. Th. Luan¹, L. Q. Ngoc², Ph. H. Hoang

3

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – Vietnam

National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. e-mail:thanhluanbk@hcmut.edu.vn, 2 Industrial Mantenance Training Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – Vietnam

National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. e-mail: lqngoc@hcmut.edu.vn, 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – Vietnam

National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. e-mail: phhoang@hcmut.edu.vn

Key words: Dynamics, hydraulic system, proportional valve.

ABSTRACT

Power hydraulic systems are used very often in industry. Usually, the stroke of piston - a hydraulic actuator

is controlled in on-off manner using traditional valves and start/stop switches on the moving way. Another

characteristic of traditional hydraulic system is suitable with static load. For applying dynamic load, the

behavior of system is not properly good. Nowadays, hydraulic systems with proportional valve are used

commonly. Proportional valve allows controlling for a variable stroke of piston. It also allows the system work

with variable load.

This paper presents the dynamic analysis of a mechanical - hydraulic system using proportional directional

valve. The system dynamics is evaluated when the load changes in linear manner. A mathematical model is

established to serve for determining dynamic characteristics of the system. PID control is also used in the

simulation to enhance the integrity of the system.

1. INTRODUCTION

Hydraulic systems are widely in industry. Providing powerfull force and having small

size are the advantages of hydraulic system in comparative with electric systems.

Proportional valves are significantly improved in frequency response, accuracy, feedback

system and dead band. Those improvement reduce the distinction between servo valves and

proportional valves. Proportional valves can controll actuators with more flexibility and

lower cost than servo valves. Therefore, proportional valves are suitable to industrial

applications. The only difficulty is the control of hydraulic systems with unstability.

A lot of studies on proportional valves focus on the dead point of valves [1], dynamic

analysis of coil of proportional valves [2], dynamic response of valve [3], dynamic analysis

of fluid flow via valves [4]. Those studies just concentrate on the characteristics of

proportional valves without any interaction with actuators, hydraulic-mechanical systems.

mailto:lqngoc@hcmut.edu.vnmailto:phhoang@hcmut.edu.vn

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There are also some studies on hydraulic systems using proportional valves such as: the

theoretical and experimental analyses of symmetric-two-cylinder systems using proportional

valves [5], study on the dynamical properties of hydraulic power systems [6], [7]. In these

studies, the mathematical models are simplified with assumption of linearization of the

hydraulic system. Actually, hydraulic systems works with nonlinear characteristics, therefore

the linearization is only accepted within a certain range and this assumption reduces the

authenticity of systems.

The control algorithms of hydraulic systems using proportional valves are recently

studied. Sliding mode control is applied to a lifting arm with one cylinder [8]. Adaptive

control is used for control fluid flow rate in a proportional valve [9]. Mino fuzzy is applied to

force and position control of hydraulic cylinder [10]. PID control is also used to improve the

control quality of hydraulic cylinder using proportional valve [11]. Generally, recent studies

are performed with constant loads rather than variable load as in real systems. The studies

also ignored the leakage, elasticity of fluid and damping of system.

This paper presents a study of a hydraulics-mechanical system using a proportional valve

and adhering to the real characteristics of the system in order to accurately describe the

system response. Firstly, the differential equations of the dynamic hydraulic system with

variable load is established. The equations represents the relationship between flow rate and

pressure, the interaction of the valve with the hydraulic cylinder, the variable load causing

system instability. The mathematical model is simulated using the Matlab Simulink to

compare the position response of the cylinder according to the working time and the

displacement of the cylinder, with a PID controller. The experiment is performed to validate

the control. Research has clarified the dynamics characteristics of mechanical hydraulic

systems with linear change loads.

This study is the first step in studies of vibrator power using proportional valve with the

accuracy ± 0.2 mm to test vehicle damping systems or vibration isolation systems. It is

necessary to reducing cost of systems.

2. EXPERIMENTIAL SYSTEM

Figure 1 shows the schema of hydraulic-mechanical system using proportional valve. The

mechanical system includes a linear spring and a slider, which causes varied load. Hydraulic system

is a linear cylinder actuated by a proportional directional control valve and controlled by a

displacement transducer and a PID controller. The maximum flow rate of pump is set at 32 l/minute

at rotating speed of 1500 rpm. The pump pressure is set at 350 bar. The proportional valve (PONAR -

made by Netherlands) is a directional control valve with 4 ways and 3 positive overlaps. Table 1

describes technical characteristics of the valve. The areas of piston head and piston rod side

M T

variable resistor displacement transducer has resolution 0.01 k/ mm and accuracy 0.05%.

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TABLE 1: SPECIFICATION OF THE PROPORTIONAL

DIRECTIONAL VALVE

Rated pressure 315 bar

Rated flow 32 lpm

Rated voltage 24V

Rated current 1.5A

Resistance of max hot solenoid coil 8.1

3. MODELLING OF DYNAMIC SYSTEM

The differential equations of the dynamic hydraulic system without considering friction is :

̈ ̇ (1)

Where:

M total mass of piston and load

Piston displacement, damping coefficient

spring stiffness,

A1, A2 areas of the two chamber of the cylinder,

P1, P2 pressures inside two chambers of the cylinder.

Differentiating Eq. 1, we have:

⃛ ̈ ̇ ̇ ̇ (2)

Where:

̇ (

)

(3)

̇ (

)

Figure 1: Schema of the hydraulic – mechanical system

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and

total volume of the first chamber,

( ) total volume of the second chamber,

V0 and L0 dead volume and maximum stroke,

effective bulk modulus, Q1 and Q2 fluid flows at head - side and rod – side.

Flow rate of the valve can be considered as

(| | )√

{

(4)

(| | )√

{

Where:

Cd Discharge coefficient

Width of the valve port, , with D – diameter of the valve port spool displacement, overlapping length,

Ps Supply pressure from the hydraulic pump

Pr Tank returned pressure

Assume that the displacement of spool is proportional to the controlling current i in the coil of proportional valve

(5)

When , from Eq.4 and Eq. 5, we have

( )√

(6)

( )√

Substitute Equations 6 and 3 into Eq. 2 we have

⃛ ̈ ̇

̇

̇ ( ) (

√ ( )

√ √ ( )

√ )

(7)

Change:

̇ (8) ̈

We have:

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{

̇ ̇

̇ ⃛

(

)

( √ ( )

√ √ ( )

√ ) ( )

(9)

The state-space equation of the system is

̇

where [

̇ ̇ ̇

]

and [

(

)

]; [

( √ ( )

√ √ ( )

√ ) ] ;

( )

Therefore, we have

[

̇ ̇ ̇

] [

(

)

] [

] [

( √ ( )

√ √ ( )

√ ) ] ( )

(10)

The schema of PID control system is:

Figure 2: The schema of position control system with PID controller

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4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Simulation

The mathematical model is simulated using Matlab-Simulink R2014a.

The solution method is Ode45 (Dormand-Prince). The parameters used in the system are

given in Table 2. The parameters Kp, Ki, Kd are chosen based on the trial and error method.

In Figure 4, the system responds the displacement from 50 mm to 150 mm with settling time

about 8 seconds. In Figure 5, the system responds from position of 5 mm to 250 mm with a

settling time more than 9 seconds and oscillation at 250 mm. Input signal of Figure 4 and 5 are

step signal. The simulation results show that the system has a short transient response time,

however with a long settling time and an error less than 0.2 mm.

TABLE 2 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

N.O Name symbol Measure Value

1 Head side area of cylinder A1 m2 0.0019625

2 Rod side area of cylinder A2 m2 0.0015826

3 Dead volume of cylinder V0 m3

4 Supply pressure Ps N/m2

15x106

5 Tank Returned pressure Pr N/m2 0

6 Total load M kg 10.88

7 Gain of proportional valve Ki m/mA 0.55

8 Spring stiffness Klx N/m 8640

9 Effective bulk modulus e N /m5

108

10 Stroke of cylinder L0 m 0.25

11 Damping coefficient of Spring Blx N.s/m 3500

12 Overlapping length m 1x10-3

13 Diameter of the valve port D m 7.26 x 10-3

14 Discharge coefficient Cd 0.63

Figure 3: System with PID controller with step input

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Figure 4: Response of the system with kp= 0.96, ki= 0.005, kd=0.01

In figure 6, pulse input has amplitude 200mm, period 8s and pulse width 50% of period.

This figure shows that error of retract stroke is larger than extend stroke. Figure 7 illustrates

response with since signal which has frequency 0.628 rad/sec and amplitude 80 mm, it is clearly

to see that simulated signal is later than designed signal.

Figure 5: Response of the system with kp= 0.95, ki= 0.0009, kd=0.01

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B. Experiment

Experiments are conducted to validate the analytical results obtained in the simulation. The

displacement and controller parameters used in experiments are the same with the ones used in

simulation. The experiment uses the PCI card Ni-6221 and computer to control the proportional

valve. Figure 7 is the set up of the experiment. Experimental results show that the settling time of

2s (Figure 8) and 4s in Figure 9. Through figure 8, 9 and 10, Transient response is faster than in

simulation (settling time is shorter). In figure 11, the output signal of experimental system is the

same phase with the input signal. However, the system fluctuation is higher than simulation

system about 0.5 mm.

Figure 6: Response of the system with kp= 0.95, ki= 0.0009, kd=0.01

Figure 7: Response of the system with kp= 0.95, ki= 0.0009, kd=0.01

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Figure 8 : Response of the system with kp= 0.96, ki= 0.005, kd=0.01

Figure.7: Experimental system

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5. CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the mathematical model of hydraulic-mechanical systems using

proportional valve with linear variable load is simulated on a Matlab - Simulink. The system's

displacement is controlled using a PID controller. The mathematical model and its simulation are

performed without considering the friction. PID parameters obtained from experiments. The experiment of the system shows that the established mathematical model together with its

simulation can describe the dynamic characteristics and responses of the systems. For further

studies and for application, The speed and force controls are also need to be studied for a total

research in this matter.

Figure 10: Response of the system with kp= 0.95, ki= 0.0009, kd=0.01

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

T j “D A E -Hydraulic

S P V P C ” – project code: T-BDCN-2016-100. The

project is financially sponsored by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology.

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[2] Liu Yan Fang, Dai Z K , X X Y , T L “Multi-Domain Modeling And S O P S V ” J C S U T

[3] R , I R “Theoretical And Experimental Investigations Regarding The Dynamic Performances Of The Servo-S D V ” U P B S B , S D, V 74, I , 2012.

[4] R A , P G M , L A C “Evaluation Of The Flow Forces On A Direct (Single Stage) Proportional Valve By Means Of A Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis” E Conversion and Management 48. 2007.

[5] R. Amirante, A. Lippolis , P. Tamburrano. “Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of A Coupled S P C V A H C ” Universal Journal of Engineering Science 1(2): 45-56. 2013.

[6] T M M w , M A M z , A H L “Investigation of Dynamic Performance of an Electro-H P S ” 13th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology, ASAT- 13, May 26 – 28, 2009.

[7] Adam Bur _ , L í H ží M V š “Simulation Of Dynamics Of Hydraulic System W P C V ” EPJ Web of Conferences 114, 2016.

[8] T X B , I w , H Y “S M C S -Hydraulically Actuated M ” International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol: 11, No: 05. 2011.

[9] Mohga Abd Alrhman, Muawia Mohamed Ahmed. “ D T PID C H S ” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2013.

[10] P j P w A w J , “ F A P C I T E -Hydraulic S B U A M F zz C ” IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). 2013.

[11] S Md Rozali, MF Rahmat, N Ab W b, R G z , Z “P C D F A I H A W S S ” P IEEE S Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD 2010).

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