Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9256

Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

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David HutchisonLancaster University, Lancaster, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenTU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany

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Gerhard WeikumMax Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany

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George Azzopardi • Nicolai Petkov (Eds.)

Computer Analysisof Images and Patterns16th International Conference, CAIP 2015Valletta, Malta, September 2–4, 2015Proceedings, Part I

123

EditorsGeorge AzzopardiUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Nicolai PetkovUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceISBN 978-3-319-23191-4 ISBN 978-3-319-23192-1 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-23192-1

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Preface

This book constitutes one part of the two-part volume of proceedings of the 16thInternational Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP 2015,held in Valletta, Malta, during September 2–4, 2015.

CAIP is a series of biennial international conferences devoted to all aspects ofcomputer vision, image analysis and processing, pattern recognition and related fields.Previous conferences were held in York, Seville, Münster, Vienna, Paris, Groningen,Warsaw, Ljubljana, Kiel, Prague, Budapest, Dresden, Leipzig, Wismar, and Berlin.

CAIP 2015 featured three plenary lectures by the invited speakers Patrizio Campisifrom the Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Bart ter Haar Romenij from the EindhovenUniversity of Technology, and Mario Vento from the University of Salerno. CAIP2015 aimed to extend the scope of the series by allowing also submissions in patternrecognition of non-image data, machine learning and brain-inspired computing. Eachsubmission was reviewed by at least three members of the international ProgramCommittee and only high-quality papers were selected for inclusion in theseproceedings.

We thank the Steering Committee of CAIP for giving us the honor of organizing thisreputable conference in Malta. We also thank the Maltese Ministry of Finance, theMalta Council for Science and Technology, the Malta Tourism Authority, Springer,and the Jülich Supercomputing Center for sponsorships. Last but not least, we thankCharles Theuma, principal of Saint Martin’s Institute of Higher Education (Malta), forcoordinating the local arrangements.

September 2015 George AzzopardiNicolai Petkov

Organization

Program Committee

Enrique Alegre University of Leon, SpainMuhammad Raza Ali Vision Research Division, InfoTech, Rawalpindi, PakistanFurqan Aziz Institute of Management Sciences, PakistanGeorge Azzopardi University of Malta, MaltaAndrew Bagdanov Computer Vision Center, Barcelona, SpainDonald Bailey Massey University, New ZealandAntonio Bandera University of Malaga, SpainArdhendu Behera Edge Hill University, UKGyan Bhanot Rutgers University, USAMichael Biehl University of Groningen, The NetherlandsAdrian Bors University of York, UKHenri Bouma TNO, The NetherlandsKerstin Bunte University of Birmingham, UKCeyhun Burak Akgül Boğaziçi University, TurkeyKenneth Camilleri University of Malta, MaltaPatrizio Campisi University of Rome Tre, ItalyMateu Sbert Casasayas University of Girona, SpainAndrea Cerri University of Bologna, ItalyKwok-Ping Chan The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR ChinaRama Chellappa University of Maryland, USADmitry Chetverikov Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HungaryMarco Cristani Università degli Studi di Verona, ItalyGabriel Cristobal Instituto de Optica (CSIC), SpainGuillaume Damiand LIRIS/Université de Lyon, FranceCarl James Debono University of Malta, MaltaJoachim Denzler University of Jena, GermanyMariella Dimiccoli Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SpainJunyu Dong Ocean University of China, ChinaPieter Eendebak TNO, The NetherlandsHakan Erdogan Sabanci University, TurkeyFrancisco Escolano University of Alicante, SpainTaner Eskil IŞIK University, TurkeyAlexandre Falcao University of Campinas, BrazilGiovanni Maria

FarinellaUniversity of Catania, Italy

Reuben Farrugia University of Malta, MaltaGernot Fink Dortmund University of Technology, Germany

Patrizio Frosini University of Bologna, ItalyLaurent Fuchs Université de Poitiers, FranceEdel García Advanced Technologies Applications Center

(CENATAV), CubaEduardo Garea Advanced Technologies Applications Center

(CENATAV), CubaDaniela Giorgi ISTI-CNR, Pisa, ItalyJavier Gonzalez University of Malaga, SpainRocio Gonzalez-Diaz University of Seville, SpainCosmin Grigorescu European Patent Office, The NetherlandsMiguel

Gutiérrez-NaranjoUniversity of Seville, Spain

Michal Haindl Institute of Information Theory and Automation,Czech Republic

Edwin Hancock University of York, UKYo-Ping Huang National Taipei University of Technology, TaiwanAtsushi Imiya IMIT Chiba University, JapanXiaoyi Jiang Universität Münster, GermanyMaria-Jose Jimenez University of Seville, SpainMartin Kampel Vienna University of Technology, AustriaVivek Kaul Facebook, USANahum Kiryati Tel Aviv University, IsraelReinhard Klette Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandGisela Klette Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandAndreas Koschan University of Tennessee Knoxville, USAWalter Kropatsch Vienna University of Technology, AustriaPascal Lienhardt Université de Poitiers, FranceGuo-Shiang Lin Da-Yeh University, TaiwanAgnieszka Lisowska University of Silesia, PolandJosep Llados Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autonoma de

Barcelona, SpainRebeca Marfil University of Malaga, SpainManuel Marin Universidad de Córdoba, SpainThomas Martinetz University of Lübeck, GermanyPhayung Meesad King Mongkuts University of Technology North Bangkok,

ThailandHeydi Mendez Advanced Technologies Applications Center

(CENATAV), CubaEckart Michaelsen Fraunhofer IOSB, GermanyMariofanna Milanova University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USAMajid Mirmehdi University of Bristol, UKMatthew Montebello University of Malta, MaltaRafael Muñoz Salinas University of Córdoba, SpainAdrian Muscat University of Malta, MaltaRadu Nicolescu Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandMark Nixon University of Southampton, UK

VIII Organization

Darian Onchis University of Vienna, AustriaLuis Pastor Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, SpainCostas Pattichis University of Cyprus, CyprusMario Pattichis The University of New Mexico, USAFrancisco Perales Universitat de les Illes Balears, SpainPetra Perner Institute of Computer Vision and Applied Computer

Sciences, GermanyNicolai Petkov University of Groningen, The NetherlandsFiora Pirri Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyGianni Poggi Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, ItalyPetia Radeva University of Barcelona, SpainThanawin

RakthammanonKasetsart University, Thailand

Pedro Real University of Seville, SpainAntonio

Rodríguez-SánchezUniversity of Innsbruck, Austria

Jos Roerdink University of Groningen, The NetherlandsPaul Rosin Cardiff University, UKSamuel Rota Bulo Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, ItalyJose Ruiz-Shulcloper Advanced Technologies Applications Center

(CENATAV), CubaRobert Sablatnig Vienna University of Technology, AustriaAlessia Saggese University of Salerno, ItalyHideo Saito Keio University, JapanAlbert Salah Boğaziçi University, TurkeyLidia Sanchez University of León, SpainAngel Sanchez Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, SpainAntonio José Sánchez

SalmerónUniversitat Politècnica de València, Spain

Gabriella Sanniti di Baja ICAR-CNR, Naples, ItalySudeep Sarkar University of South Florida, USAJohn Schavemaker TNO, The NetherlandsChristos Schizas University of Cyprus, CyprusKlamer Schutte TNO, The NetherlandsGiuseppe Serra University of Florence, ItalyFrancesc Serratosa Universitat Rovira i Virgili, SpainFabrizio Smeraldi Queen Mary University of London, UKAkihiro Sugimoto National Institute of Informatics, JapanJoão Tavares University of Porto, PortugalBart Ter Haar Romeny Eindhoven University of Technology, The NetherlandsBernie Tiddeman Aberystwyth University, UKKlaus Toennies Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, GermanyJavier Toro University of the Andes, VenezuelaAndrea Torsello Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, ItalyHerwig Unger FernUniversität Hagen, GermanyErnest Valveny Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain

Organization IX

Laurens van der Maaten Delft University of Technology, The NetherlandsMario Vento University of Salerno, ItalyThomas Villman University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, GermanyMichael Wilkinson University of Groningen, The NetherlandsRichard Wilson University of York, UKDavid Windridge University of Surrey, UKChristian Wolf Université de Lyon, FranceXianghua Xie Swansea University, UKWei Qi Yan Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandHongbin Zha Peking University, ChinaZhao Zhang Soochow University, China

Local Organizing Committee

Charles Theuma Saint Martin’s Institute of Higher Education, Malta

Steering Committee

Edwin Hancock University of York, UKReinhard Klette Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandXiaoyi Jiang Universität Münster, GermanyWalter G. Kropatsch Vienna University of Technology, AustriaPedro Real Jurado Universidad de Sevilla, SpainNicolai Petkov University of Groningen, The NetherlandsGeorge Azzopardi University of Malta, Malta

X Organization

Contents – Part I

On-The-Fly Handwriting Recognition Using a High-Level Representation . . . 1C. Reinders, F. Baumann, B. Scheuermann, A. Ehlers, N. Mühlpforte,A.O. Effenberg, and B. Rosenhahn

What Is in Front? Multiple-Object Detection and Tracking with DynamicOcclusion Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Junli Tao, Markus Enzweiler, Uwe Franke, David Pfeiffer,and Reinhard Klette

Correlating Words - Approaches and Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Mario M. Kubek, Herwig Unger, and Jan Dusik

ExCuSe: Robust Pupil Detection in Real-World Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Wolfgang Fuhl, Thomas Kübler, Katrin Sippel, Wolfgang Rosenstiel,and Enkelejda Kasneci

Textured Object Recognition: Balancing Model Robustnessand Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Guido Manfredi, Michel Devy, and Daniel Sidobre

Review of Methods to Predict Social Image Interestingnessand Memorability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Xesca Amengual, Anna Bosch, and Josep Lluís de la Rosa

Predicting the Number of DCT Coefficients in the Process of SeabedData Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Paweł Forczmański and Wojciech Maleika

Recognition of Images Degraded by Gaussian Blur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Jan Flusser, Tomáš Suk, Sajad Farokhi, and Cyril Höschl IV

Rejecting False Positives in Video Object Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Daniela Giordano, Isaak Kavasidis, Simone Palazzo,and Concetto Spampinato

Ground Truth Correspondence Between Nodes to Learn Graph-MatchingEdit-Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Xavier Cortés, Francesc Serratosa,and Carlos Francisco Moreno-García

Recognising Familiar Facial Features in Paintings Belongingto Separate Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Wilbert Tabone and Dylan Seychell

Content Based Image Retrieval Based on Modelling Human VisualAttention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Alex Papushoy and Adrian G. Bors

Tensor-Directed Spatial Patch Blending for Pattern-Based InpaintingMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Maxime Daisy, Pierre Buyssens, David Tschumperlé,and Olivier Lézoray

A Novel Image Descriptor Based on Anisotropic Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Darshan Venkatrayappa, Philippe Montesinos, Daniel Diep,and Baptiste Magnier

A Novel Method for Simultaneous Acquisition of Visible and Near-InfraredLight Using a Coded Infrared-Cut Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Kimberly McGuire, Masato Tsukada, Boris Lenseigne, Wouter Caarls,Masato Toda, and Pieter Jonker

Scale-Space Clustering on a Unit Hypersphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Yuta Hirano and Atsushi Imiya

Bokeh Effects Based on Stereo Vision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Dongwei Liu, Radu Nicolescu, and Reinhard Klette

Confidence Based Rank Level Fusion for Multimodal Biometric Systems . . . 211Hossein Talebi and Marina L. Gavrilova

Optical Flow Computation with Locally Quadratic Assumption. . . . . . . . . . . 223Tomoya Kato, Hayato Itoh, and Atsushi Imiya

Pose Normalisation for 3D Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Trevor Farrugia and Jonathan Barbarar

Multimodal Output Combination for Transcribing Historical HandwrittenDocuments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Emilio Granell and Carlos-D. Martínez-Hinarejos

Unsupervised Surface Reflectance Field Multi-segmenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Michal Haindl, Stanislav Mikeš, and Mineichi Kudo

A Dynamic Approach and a New Dataset for Hand-Detection in FirstPerson Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Alejandro Betancourt, Pietro Morerio, Emilia I. Barakova,Lucio Marcenaro, Matthias Rauterberg, and Carlo S. Regazzoni

Segmentation and Labelling of EEG for Brain Computer Interfaces . . . . . . . . 288Tracey A. Camilleri, Kenneth P. Camilleri, and Simon G. Fabri

XII Contents – Part I

Wood Veneer Species Recognition Using Markovian Textural Features . . . . . 300Michal Haindl and Pavel Vácha

Performance Analysis of Active Shape Reconstruction of Fractured,Incomplete Skulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Kun Zhang, Wee Kheng Leow, and Yuan Cheng

Content Extraction from Marketing Flyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Ignazio Gallo, Alessandro Zamberletti, and Lucia Noce

Puzzle Approach to Pose Tracking of a Rigid Object in a Multi CameraSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Sönke Schmid, Xiaoyi Jiang, and Klaus Schäfers

Adaptive Information Selection in Images: Efficient Naive Bayes NearestNeighbor Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Thomas Reineking, Tobias Kluth, and David Nakath

The Brightness Clustering Transform and Locally Contrasting Keypoints . . . . 362J. Lomeli-R. and Mark S. Nixon

Feature Evaluation with High-Resolution Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374Kai Cordes, Lukas Grundmann, and Jörn Ostermann

Fast Re-ranking of Visual Search Results by Example Selection . . . . . . . . . . 387John Schavemaker, Martijn Spitters, Gijs Koot, and Maaike de Boer

Egomotion Estimation and Reconstruction with Kalman Filtersand GPS Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Haokun Geng, Hsiang-Jen Chien, Radu Nicolescu, and Reinhard Klette

Bundle Adjustment with Implicit Structure Modeling Using a Direct LinearTransform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Hsiang-Jen Chien, Haokun Geng, and Reinhard Klette

Efficient Extraction of Macromolecular Complexes from ElectronTomograms Based on Reduced Representation Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Xiao-Ping Xu, Christopher Page, and Niels Volkmann

Gradients and Active Contour Models for Localization of Cell Membranein HER2/neu Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Marek Wdowiak, Tomasz Markiewicz, Stanislaw Osowski,Janusz Patera, and Wojciech Kozlowski

Combination Photometric Stereo Using Compactness of Albedoand Surface Normal in the Presence of Shadows and Specular Reflection. . . . 445

Naoto Ienaga, Hideo Saito, Kouichi Tezuka, Yasumasa Iwamura,and Masayoshi Shimizu

Contents – Part I XIII

Craniofacial Reconstruction Using Gaussian Process Latent VariableModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Zedong Xiao, Junli Zhao, Xuejun Qiao, and Fuqing Duan

A High-Order Depth-Based Graph Matching Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Lu Bai, Zhihong Zhang, Peng Ren, and Edwin R. Hancock

On Different Colour Spaces for Medical Colour Image Classification . . . . . . 477Cecilia Di Ruberto, Giuseppe Fodde, and Lorenzo Putzu

SIFT Descriptor for Binary Shape Discrimination, Classificationand Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Insaf Setitra and Slimane Larabi

Where Is My Cup? - Fully Automatic Detection and Recognitionof Textureless Objects in Real-World Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Joanna Isabelle Olszewska

Automatic Differentiation of u- and n-serrated Patterns in DirectImmunofluorescence Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

Chenyu Shi, Jiapan Guo, George Azzopardi, Joost M. Meijer,Marcel F. Jonkman, and Nicolai Petkov

Means of 2D and 3D Shapes and Their Application in Anatomical AtlasBuilding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Juan Domingo, Esther Dura, Guillermo Ayala, and Silvia Ruiz-España

Optimized NURBS Curves Modelling Using Genetic Algorithm for MobileRobot Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Sawssen Jalel, Philippe Marthon, and Atef Hamouda

Robust Learning from Ortho-Diffusion Decompositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546Sravan Gudivada and Adrian G. Bors

Filter-Based Approach for Ornamentation Detection and Recognitionin Singing Folk Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Andreas Neocleous, George Azzopardi, Christos N. Schizas,and Nicolai Petkov

Vision-Based System for Automatic Detection of Suspicious Objectson ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

Wirat Rattanapitak and Somkiat Wangsiripitak

Towards Ubiquitous Autonomous Driving: The CCSAD Dataset. . . . . . . . . . 582Roberto Guzmán, Jean-Bernard Hayet, and Reinhard Klette

Discriminative Local Binary Pattern for Image Feature Extraction . . . . . . . . . 594Takumi Kobayashi

XIV Contents – Part I

A Homologically Persistent Skeleton Is a Fast and Robust Descriptorof Interest Points in 2D Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Vitaliy Kurlin

A k-max Geodesic Distance and Its Application in Image Segmentation. . . . . 618Michael Holuša and Eduard Sojka

Ground Level Recovery from Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data with theVariably Randomized Iterated Hierarchical Hough Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Leszek J. Chmielewski and Arkadiusz Orłowski

U3PT: A New Dataset for Unconstrained 3D Pose Tracking Evaluation. . . . . 642Ngoc-Trung Tran, Fakhreddine Ababsa, and Maurice Charbit

Characterization and Distinction Between Closely Related South SlavicLanguages on the Example of Serbian and Croatian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Darko Brodić, Alessia Amelio, and Zoran N. Milivojević

Few-Views Image Reconstruction with SMART and an Allowancefor Contrast Structure Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Vitaly V. Vlasov, Alexander B. Konovalov, and Alexander S. Uglov

Gaussian Mixture Model Selection Using Multiple Random Subsamplingwith Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

Josef V. Psutka

Vectorisation of Sketched Drawings Using Co-occurring Sample Circles . . . . 690Alexandra Bonnici and Kenneth P. Camilleri

Robust Contact Lens Detection Using Local Phase Quantization and BinaryGabor Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

Lovish, Aditya Nigam, Balender Kumar, and Phalguni Gupta

Low-Dimensional Tensor Principle Component Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Hayato Itoh, Atsushi Imiya, and Tomoya Sakai

Empirical Study of Audio-Visual Features Fusion for Gait Recognition . . . . . 727Francisco M. Castro, Manuel J. Marín-Jimenez, and Nicolás Guil

Web User Interact Task Recognition Based on Conditional Random Fields. . . 740Anis Elbahi and Mohamed Nazih Omri

Tree Log Identification Based on Digital Cross-Section Images of Log EndsUsing Fingerprint and Iris Recognition Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

Rudolf Schraml, Heinz Hofbauer, Alexander Petutschnigg,and Andreas Uhl

Detecting Human Falls: A Vision-FSM Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766Roger Trullo and Duber Martinez

Contents – Part I XV

Trademark Image Retrieval Using Inverse Total Feature Frequencyand Multiple Detectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778

Minoru Mori, Xiaomeng Wu, and Kunio Kashino

Adaptive Graph Learning for Unsupervised Feature Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . 790Zhihong Zhang, Lu Bai, Yuanheng Liang, and Edwin R. Hancock

Shot and Scene Detection via Hierarchical Clustering for Re-usingBroadcast Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

Lorenzo Baraldi, Costantino Grana, and Rita Cucchiara

Locally Adapted Gain Control for Reliable Foreground Detection . . . . . . . . . 812Duber Martinez, Alessia Saggese, Mario Vento, Humberto Loaiza,and Eduardo Caicedo

Fourier Features for Person Detection in Depth Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824Viktor Seib, Guido Schmidt, Michael Kusenbach, and Dietrich Paulus

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

XVI Contents – Part I

Contents – Part II

Texture and Mathematical Morphology for Hot-Spot Detection in WholeSlide Images of Meningiomas and Oligodendrogliomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Zaneta Swiderska, Tomasz Markiewicz, Bartlomiej Grala,and Wojciech Kozlowski

Scale Estimation in Multiple Models Fitting via Consensus Clustering. . . . . . 13Luca Magri and Andrea Fusiello

Writer Identification and Retrieval Using a Convolutional Neural Network. . . 26Stefan Fiel and Robert Sablatnig

Optical Truck Tracking for Autonomous Platooning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Christian Winkens, Christian Fuchs, Frank Neuhaus,and Dietrich Paulus

Combination of Air- and Water-Calibration for a Fringe Projection BasedUnderwater 3D-Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Christian Bräuer-Burchardt, Peter Kühmstedt, and Gunther Notni

Calibration of Stereo 3D Scanners with Minimal Number of ViewsUsing Plane Targets and Vanishing Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Christian Bräuer-Burchardt, Peter Kühmstedt, and Gunther Notni

Spatially Aware Enhancement of BoVW-Based Image Retrieval Exploitinga Saliency Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Zijun Zou and Hisashi Koga

An Edge-Based Matching Kernel for Graphs Through the Directed LineGraphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Lu Bai, Zhihong Zhang, Chaoyan Wang, and Edwin R. Hancock

The Virtues of Peer Pressure: A Simple Method for DiscoveringHigh-Value Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Shumeet Baluja, Michele Covell, and Rahul Sukthankar

Binarization of MultiSpectral Document Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Fabian Hollaus, Markus Diem, and Robert Sablatnig

Parallel 2D Local Pattern Spectra of Invariant Moments for GalaxyClassification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Ugo Moschini, Paul Teeninga, Scott C. Trager,and Michael H.F. Wilkinson

Automatic Detection of Nodules in Legumes by Imagery in a PhenotypingContext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Simeng Han, Frédéric Cointault, Christophe Salon,and Jean-Claude Simon

Human Skin Segmentation Improved by Saliency Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Anderson Santos and Helio Pedrini

Disparity Estimation for Image Fusion in a Multi-aperture Camera . . . . . . . . 158Janne Mustaniemi, Juho Kannala, and Janne Heikkilä

Optimizing the Accuracy and Compactness of Multi-view Reconstructions. . . 171Markus Ylimäki, Juho Kannala, and Janne Heikkilä

Multiframe Super-Resolution for Flickering Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Atsushi Fukushima and Takahiro Okabe

Entropy-Based Automatic Segmentation and Extraction of Tumorsfrom Brain MRI Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Maria De Marsico, Michele Nappi, and Daniel Riccio

Multiple Hypothesis Tracking with Sign Language Hand MotionConstraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Mark Borg and Kenneth P. Camilleri

Combining Features for Texture Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Anca Ignat

A Novel Canonical Form for the Registration of Non Rigid 3D Shapes . . . . . 230Majdi Jribi and Faouzi Ghorbel

A New One Class Classifier Based on Ensemble of Binary Classifiers. . . . . . 242Hamed Habibi Aghdam, Elnaz Jahani Heravi, and Domenec Puig

Real-Time Head Pose Estimation Using Multi-variate RVM on Facesin the Wild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Mohamed Selim, Alain Pagani, and Didier Stricker

A Verification-Based Multithreshold Probing Approach to HEp-2 CellSegmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Xiaoyi Jiang, Gennaro Percannella, and Mario Vento

Precise Cross-Section Estimation on Tubular Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Florent Grélard, Fabien Baldacci, Anne Vialard,and Jacques-Olivier Lachaud

Materials Classification Using Sparse Gray-Scale Bidirectional ReflectanceMeasurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Jiří Filip and Petr Somol

XVIII Contents – Part II

Multiscale Blood Vessel Delineation Using B-COSFIRE Filters . . . . . . . . . . 300Nicola Strisciuglio, George Azzopardi, Mario Vento, and Nicolai Petkov

Progressive Blind Deconvolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Rana Hanocka and Nahum Kiryati

Leaf-Based Plant Identification Through Morphological Characterizationin Digital Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Arturo Oncevay-Marcos, Ronald Juarez-Chambi,Sofía Khlebnikov-Núñez, and César Beltrán-Castañón

Cutting Edge Localisation in an Edge Profile Milling Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336Laura Fernández-Robles, George Azzopardi, Enrique Alegre,and Nicolai Petkov

Recognition of Architectural and Electrical Symbols by COSFIRE Filterswith Inhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Jiapan Guo, Chenyu Shi, George Azzopardi, and Nicolai Petkov

Improving Cross-Domain Concept Detection via Object-Based Features. . . . . 359Markus Mühling, Ralph Ewerth, and Bernd Freisleben

Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script. . . . . . . . 371Mohamed Elleuch, Najiba Tagougui, and Monji Kherallah

Automatic Summary Creation by Applying Natural Language Processingon Unstructured Medical Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Daniela Giordano, Isaak Kavasidis, and Concetto Spampinato

Bilateral Filtering of 3D Point Clouds for Refined 3D RoadsideReconstructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Bradley Moorfield, Ralf Haeusler, and Reinhard Klette

Can Computer Vision Problems Benefit from Structured HierarchicalClassification? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Thomas Hoyoux, Antonio J. Rodríguez-Sánchez, Justus H. Piater,and Sandor Szedmak

A Multiple Classifier Learning by Sampling System for White Blood CellsSegmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Cecilia Di Ruberto, Andrea Loddo, and Lorenzo Putzu

TECA: Petascale Pattern Recognition for Climate Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426Prabhat, Surendra Byna, Venkatram Vishwanath, Eli Dart,Michael Wehner, and William D. Collins

Contents – Part II XIX

Visualization of Regression Models Using Discriminative DimensionalityReduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Alexander Schulz and Barbara Hammer

Evaluation of Multi-view 3D Reconstruction Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450Julius Schöning and Gunther Heidemann

Sample Size for Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Gaussian Model . . . . . . . 462Josef V. Psutka and Josef Psutka

Projective Label Propagation by Label Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470Zhao Zhang, Weiming Jiang, Fanzhang Li, Li Zhang, Mingbo Zhao,and Lei Jia

Simplifying Indoor Scenes for Real-Time Manipulation on Mobile Devices. . . . 482Michael Hödlmoser, Patrick Wolf, and Martin Kampel

Image Contrast Enhancement by Distances Among Points in FuzzyHyper-Cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

Mario Versaci, Salvatore Calcagno, and Francesco Carlo Morabito

Iris Recognition Using Discrete Cosine Transform and Relational Measures . . . 506Aditya Nigam, Balender Kumar, Jyoti Triyar, and Phalguni Gupta

3D Texture Recognition for RGB-D Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518Guoqiang Zhong, Xin Mao, Yaxin Shi, and Junyu Dong

Detection and Classification of Interesting Parts in Scanned Documentsby Means of AdaBoost Classification and Low-Level Features Verification . . 529

Andrzej Markiewicz and Paweł Forczmański

Speed Parameters in the Level-Set Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Luigi Cinque and Rossella Cossu

Bayesian Networks-Based Defects Classes Discrimination in WeldRadiographic Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Aicha Baya Goumeidane, Abdessalem Bouzaieni, Nafaa Nacereddine,and Salvatore Tabbone

Feature Selection in Gait Classification Using Geometric PSO Assistedby SVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

Tze Wei Yeoh, Saúl Zapotecas-Martínez, Youhei Akimoto,Hernán E. Aguirre, and Kiyoshi Tanaka

Automatic Images Annotation Extension Using a Probabilistic GraphicalModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Abdessalem Bouzaieni, Salvatore Tabbone, and Sabine Barrat

XX Contents – Part II

An Improved ANOVA Algorithm for Crop Mark Extraction from LargeAerial Images Using Semantics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

R. Marani, V. Renò, E. Stella, and T. D’Orazio

An Electronic Travel Aid to Assist Blind and Visually Impaired Peopleto Avoid Obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Filippo L.M. Milotta, Dario Allegra, Filippo Stanco,and Giovanni M. Farinella

Cellular Skeletons: A New Approach to Topological Skeletons withGeometric Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

Aldo Gonzalez-Lorenzo, Alexandra Bac, Jean-Luc Mari, and Pedro Real

Model-Free Head Pose Estimation Based on Shape Factorisationand Particle Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Stefania Cristina and Kenneth P. Camilleri

Plane-Fitting Robust Registration for Complex 3D Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640Yuan Cheng, Shudong Xie, Wee Kheng Leow, and Kun Zhang

Incremental Fixed-Rank Robust PCA for Video Background Recovery . . . . . 652Jian Lai, Wee Kheng Leow, and Terence Sim

Sperm Cells Segmentation in Micrographic Images Through LambertianReflectance Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Rosario Medina-Rodríguez, Luis Guzmán-Masías, Hugo Alatrista-Salas,and César Beltrán-Castañón

Interactive Image Colorization Using Laplacian Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675Wallace Casaca, Marilaine Colnago, and Luis Gustavo Nonato

LBP and Irregular Graph Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687Martin Cerman, Rocio Gonzalez-Diaz, and Walter Kropatsch

Fusion of Intra- and Inter-modality Algorithms for Face-SketchRecognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

Christian Galea and Reuben A. Farrugia

View-Independent Enhanced 3D Reconstruction of Non-rigidly DeformingObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

Hassan Afzal, Djamila Aouada, François Destelle, Bruno Mirbach,and Björn Ottersten

Automated Fast Marching Method for Segmentation and Trackingof Region of Interest in Scintigraphic Images Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Yassine Aribi, Ali Wali, and Adel M. Alimi

Contents – Part II XXI

Adaptive Saliency-Weighted 2D-to-3D Video Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737Hamed Taher, Muhammad Rushdi, Muhammad Islam,and Ahmed Badawi

Variational Multiple Warping for Cardiac Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749Shun Inagaki, Hayato Itoh, and Atsushi Imiya

Facial Expression Recognition Using Learning Vector Quantization . . . . . . . 760Gert-Jan de Vries, Steffen Pauws, and Michael Biehl

Learning Vector Quantization with Adaptive Cost-Based Outlier-Rejection. . . 772Thomas Villmann, Marika Kaden, David Nebel, and Michael Biehl

Tensorial Orientation Scores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783Jasper J. van de Gronde

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795

XXII Contents – Part II