Lecture Academic Writing
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Transcript of Lecture Academic Writing
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7/25/2019 Lecture Academic Writing
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Academic Writing:
The Basics
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During this course,
you will master
the following
Academic Genres:
Research report an oral presentation to the
audience
Research abstract a printed outline of your
report
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We will also work with:
Literature reviews you will learn how to
generate a comprehensive collection of sourcesrelevant to your research
Argumentative essay you will learn to
investigate a topic; collect, generate, and
evaluate evidence; and establish a position onthe topic in a concise manner.
Contrast and comparative essay you will
learn to investigate differences and similaritiesbetween certain aspects of your research
Academic Power Point presentation you will
learn how to organize the information of your
research and thus impress the audience
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Research is not:
A loose collection of information
A paper with patched together summaries andparaphrases, even if theyre in your own words,will not succeed.
!ou must have a strong objective of your
research. !ou must contribute something new
Research is not only:
"eporting of others #nowledge
!ou should always rely on the e$isting sources ofinformation.
%owever, your research must either deve!op the#nowledge of other scientists, or identi"y a gap intheir wor#.
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Research is:
&reation of #nowledge 'e.g., introduction ofnew methods of treatment, diagnostics, etc.(
Defining problems and suggesting theirsolutions
&ontribution to a larger academic discussion &ollecting the e$isting information andclarifying some point
)uggesting a new perspective on a problem
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Goa!s o" Academic Writing
)ee# truth
Argue a point
*ropose solutions
Deepen insights
&larify a theory &hallenge conventional wisdom
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#ou are the author
*aper should be predominantly your ideas andopinions.
)how your critical thin#ing s#ills:
+eneralization 'forming a general idea(
valuation 'finding merits and gaps(
Analysis 'separating a comple$ topic into smaller
parts in order to gain a better understanding of
it(
)ynthesis 'combining two or more different
elements that together form something new(
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Genera! Advice
- egin arly
/ 01m too busy now, and 1ll start later when 1
have more time . . . 0
- )elect an Appropriate 2opic
&ontribution to the field 'find your niche(
&onsider the relevance
&onsider the resources available
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Consider the structure o" your
research:
What to write$
%ow to write$Where to submit$
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&'RA(:
the structure o" academic writing
adopted by American )ationa!*tandards &nstitute in +,-,
&ntroduction: why as# this research 3uestion4
'ethods: what did 1 do4
Resu!ts: what did 1 find4
and(iscussion: what might it mean4
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&ntroduction
The re!evance o" the prob!em
The scienti"ic nove!ty o" your wor.
The aim o" the research
'ateria! and methods
Research "indings
Conc!usions
The structure o" your research /both
ora! and printed0 at the *tudents1
Con"erence:
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Be"ore you start writing:
Gather Resource 'ateria!s
Read *ources Critica!!y"ead studies similar to what you want towrite:
Books and professional journals: articles, theses,
abstracts, literature reviews
Pub'ed and 'ed!ine are the .ey databases "or
medicine and hea!th research:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed2a#e notes
)ummarize and paraphrase passages
"emember to record the sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed -
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5ailure to use 3uotation mar#s when 3uoting
directly from another source, whether it be a
paragraph, sentence or part thereof
&opying ideas from a boo#, magazine, or othersources without giving credit to the author
All these incidents of academic misconduct can be
easily revealed by p!agiarism detection so"tware
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%ow Can *tudents Avoid
P!agiarism$ 2o avoid plagiarism, you must identi"y the
source whenever you use:
another person6s idea, opinion, or theory;
any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings any
pieces of information that are not common
#nowledge;
3uotations of another person6s actual spo#enor written words; or
paraphrase of another person6s spo#en orwritten words.
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*e!"2p!agiarism
2he use of one6s own previous wor# in
another conte$t without citing that it was
used previously.
)elf/plagiarism can infringe upon apublishers copyright.
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The Writing ProcessThe Writing Process
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- %elps you organize your ideas
- *resents your material in a logical form- )hows the relationships among ideas in your
writing
- Defines boundaries and groups- *revents you from 0straying7 from the topic
When writing an out!ine3 ma.e sure that you:
"ecord author, title, page number and notewhere you found the source
&learly indicate when ideas in your notes are
your own
4ut!ine4ut!ine
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The 5irst (ra"t
8rite one idea per paragraph +o for 3uantity, not 3uality
8rite for revision, not delivery
8rite freely
Develop a habit that encourages you to write on
a regular basis with or without inspiration
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Allow 9 of your time for planning,
research, and writing the first draft
Allow the other 9 for revising your
paper
Write in %aste3
Revise at Leisure
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Last *tep: 6diting
*ut your writing away for a period of time and
then read it with fresh eyes. )chedule at least
one day between revisions, or three or four days
if possible"ead it aloud to yourself
As# colleagues to read and give feedbac#.
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Assignment "or the ne7t
meeting:
- )urf 1nternet for academic papers on your topic
'use http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed or
other reliable databases(. 1f you have relevant
boo#s or articles in nglish at home, use themas well.
- 'a.e a !ist o" your sources /at !east 8 items0
- !ou can either send your list to my e/mail, or
show it to me during our ne$t meeting.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed