Lecture 7: Displays
description
Transcript of Lecture 7: Displays
![Page 1: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
1
Lecture 7: DisplaysDigital Displays
Cathode Ray TubesFlat Panel Displays
![Page 2: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
2
Summary of What We Have Learned
• Ohm’s Law• Resistor Combinations• What a Diode Does• Transistors as Switches• Op-Amp Configurations
![Page 3: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
3
V I R Ohm’s Law
Kirchoff’s Voltage LawKirchoff’s Current Law
V 0
I IIN OU T
Series Equivalent
R R R REQ N 1 2 . . .
Parallel Equivalent
1 1 1 1
1 2R R R REQ N
. . .
![Page 4: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
4
Diode V-I Characteristic• For ideal diode, current flows only one
way• Real diode is close to ideal
Ideal Diode
![Page 5: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
5
![Page 6: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
6
Op-Amp
![Page 7: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
7
Ideal Op-Amp Continued
• Bandwidth is also infinite. Thus, an ideal op-amp works the same at all frequencies.
![Page 8: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
8
Golden Rules for Op-Amps• The output attempts to do
whatever is necessary to make the voltage difference between the two inputs zero. (Negative Feedback is Required)
• The inputs draw no current.
![Page 9: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
9
Op-Amp Configurations
• Buffer or Voltage Follower No voltage difference between the
output and the input Draws no current, so it puts no load
on the source Used to isolate sources from loads
![Page 10: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
10
Op-Amp Configurations
• Non-Inverting Amplifier
Note that this formula is different in the lab write up
V V RROUT IN
1 1
2
![Page 11: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
11
Op-Amp Configurations
• Inverting Op-Amp
V VRROUT INf 1
![Page 12: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
12
Binary Numbers6 01107 01118 10009 100110 101011 1011
0 00001 00012 00103 00114 01005 0101
1 1 0 11 110
2 222222 212 034567
+ ++++++ =183
B inarynum ber
B it0
Lower N ibb le
B yte
B it1
B it6
B it5
B it4
B it3
B it2
B it7
U pper N ibb le
128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 183
![Page 13: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
13
Astable and Monostable Multivibrators
• What are they good for? Astable: clock, timing signal Monostable: a clean pulse of the
correct height and duration for digital system
![Page 14: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
14
555 Timer
• The correct frequency is given by
Note the error in the figure
fR R C R R C
10 6 9 3 1 2 2 1
1 4 41 2 2 1. ( )
.( )
![Page 15: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
15
From What We Have Seen So Far, How Would We Make a Display?
• LEDs in some kind of an array• How to arrange them?• How to control them?• What is the purpose of the display?• How much should it cost?
![Page 16: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
16
7 Segment Displays
• Binary inputs are converted to a decimal number display by turning on a set of 7 LEDs
![Page 17: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
17
7 Segment Displays
• Common cathode at the right and common anode at the left
![Page 18: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
18
7 Segment Displays
• This is the 0-9 counting circuit you will be building in the lab.
• Note that it has to count and then convert the binary to show decimal
5V
5V
VCCVCC
14161
3456
710
921
14131211
15
P1P2P3P4
PETELDCLKCL
Q1Q2Q3Q4
CO
14012-chip
2345
9101112
1
13
1A1B1C1D
2A2B2C2D
1Y
2Y
MC14511-b
12
345
6
7
8
910111213
1415
16
BC
LTBILE
D
A
GND
edcba
gf
Vcc
SEVSEG-b
1
2
3
4
5
6 9
10
11
12
13
14
16
a
f
CAT1
e
CAT2
LDP RDP
d
CAT3
c
g
b
CAT4
12
+-
0-9 circuit
![Page 19: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
19
Displays Applications
• 7 Segments are excellent for displaying simple alphanumeric information – multimeters, clocks, etc.
• More complex displays are needed to show images – computer displays, televisions, etc.
![Page 20: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
20
2 Minute QuizName________________
Sec___• Give three examples of electronic
displays• What is a pixel?• True or False
Blue light is higher energy than red light Most colored light is not produced
directly Solid state light is generally produced
directly
![Page 21: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
21
Dividing Images Into Pixels
• Second image is blown up many times to show the individual pixels
![Page 22: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
22
Dividing Images Into Pixels
• The second image is blown up a bit less but pixels are still obvious
![Page 23: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
23
Dividing Images Into Pixels
• The second image is sampled more coarsely
![Page 24: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
24
Dividing Images Into Pixels
• Black and white or single color displays are easier to implement
![Page 25: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
25
Dividing Images Into Pixels
• Images can be constructed by scanning across them, line-by-line
• The original image is encoded in this manner (e.g. this is the way a scanner or copier works) by, say, starting at the upper left and going line by line to the lower right
![Page 26: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
26
Plasma Displays
• Large, bright, flat panel display• View from a wide angular range• Designed for HDTV• Available from many companies
![Page 27: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
27
Plasma Displays
• High voltage discharge creates high energy photons (UV) that excite phosphors
![Page 28: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
28
Plasma Displays
• Note the patterns of the address and display electrodes
• To excite an address, both voltages must be applied
![Page 29: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
29
Plasma Displays
• Fujitsu ALIS display • More complex electrodes but better
use of surface area for display
![Page 30: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
30
Plasma Displays
• Discharge region geometry and voltages
![Page 31: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
31
Displays: CRT
• In a CRT, an electron beam excites the phosphor rather than a UV photon
• The beam is directed to a spot on the surface using sweep plates
![Page 32: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
32
Displays: CRT
• Three separate electron guns are required to produce a color picture
![Page 33: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
33
Displays: CRT
• At the left is the layout of the mask and phosphors
• At the right is the scanning sequence
![Page 34: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
34
Displays: CRT
• A large variety of configurations are used by manufacturers
• Look carefully at the screen of your TV
![Page 35: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
35
Image From My TV
![Page 36: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
36
Same Image Enlarged to Show Screen
![Page 37: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
37
Same Image Enlarged Further
![Page 38: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
38
Same Image Enlarged Further
![Page 39: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
39
Unsmoothed Image Enlarged Further
![Page 40: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
40
Displays: Early TV
Allen DumontB.S.E.E. RPI 1924
![Page 41: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
41
Displays: Dumont
• Developed the first practical CRT (previous versions lasted only 10s of hours)
• First company to market home TV receiver in 1938 (previous slide)
• Dumont network until 1956 – It could not compete with radio networks (poorly funded)
• Broadcast Jackie Gleason, first sporting events, but shows were bought by big 3 networks
• Dumont was one of broadcastings first millionaires
![Page 42: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
42
Where Will You See This Material Again?
• 7 Segment Displays: Many courses• CRT: ECSE-2100 Fields and Waves I• Digital Imaging: ECSE-4540 Voice and
Image Processing• RF Circuitry: ECSE-4060 Communications
Circuits• Plasmas: ECSE-4320 Plasma Engineering• Optics: ECSE-4630 Lasers and Optical
Engineering and ECSE-4640 Optical Communications and Integrated Optics
![Page 43: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
43
Imaging Tools
• Mathworks Image Processing Toolboxes http://www.mathworks.com/products/image
![Page 44: Lecture 7: Displays](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011718/56816391550346895dd48919/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
April 24, 2023
Introduction to Engineering Electronics
K. A. Connor
44
Charged Particle Accelerators
• Fermilab• Medical
Accelerator