Lecture 6October 22, 2009

Agenda

• HW presentations• Acceleration of materials• Midterm discussion• Product Architecture• Exercise• Team Assessment

Expectations

• Final expectations– I would prefer a plan for implementation without

a prototype rather than a prototype without a plan for implementation

Acceleration• I am posting my mkt lectures for your reading

enjoyment. • In both cases they were only partially

presented• There is some important info in them relating

to the business context of your product• I would like you to extract some useful info

from them for application to your project and show this in the Final paper

MidtermMidterm Tuesday11/3/09. from 1:30 to 5:00 PMPresentation: 30 minutes ion (15 minutes plus 15 minutes discussion)Paper 10 pages plus appendices• Mission Statement - explain what you hope to achieve by designing your product. Has

your mission statement evolved?• Evaluation of previous approaches. In the cases where prototypes do not exist evaluate

the product that have existed till date to meet that particular need. What needs to be improved?

• Give a list of contacts of people Give one paragraph on what you have learned from them. A more detailed description can go in the appendix

• Architecture of product. Detailed sketch of planned prototype. If you have a model built then a detailed description of this (see slide to follow)

• How are you going to fabricate and test your prototype and refine your business thoughts (a timeline is good here)

• What are the problems that you see (risk analysis)?• How will you meet these challenges?• Results of Team assessment. On a scale of 1-10 how well has your team functioned? 9see

slide to follow)• See slide 28 for Architectural analysis• On Tuesday - We will go over risk and explain how to do a risk analysis

6

For Midterm

Architecture1. Which architecture did you select and

why (modular, integral, etc.)2. create a schematic of the product3. cluster the elements of the schematic4. create a rough geometric layout5. identify the fundamental and incidental

interactions between clusters6. Define subsystems from clusters

Sketch the Product from this architectural analysis

7

Suggested Questionnaire on Team member effectiveness

Each member does for each other member of teamLeader collates and team discussesImprovements discussed

member 1 member 2 etc.CriteriaRegularly attended meetingsWas on timeMade positive contribution to meetingsShared project load equallyHelped to manage conflictHelped to advance project

This is just an example of how you can “take the temperature” of your team’s effectiveness

Next Tuesday

No homeworkWe will go over risk analysis so you know what to do for the midterm. There will be an in-class exercise

Nothing should stop your work on market research

9

What is Product Architecture?

• Three related parts–The definition and the arrangement of functional elements–The mapping of these elements to physical components–The specification of interfaces among interacting physical components

10

Some System Engineer Roles. . .Formulate and structure the System

•Architectural Structure• create a schematic of the product

reflects the teams best understanding of the product’s functionality

• cluster the elements of the schematicreflect geometric integration, function sharing, vendor expertise considerations, localization of changeaccommodate variety, enable standardization, portability of interfaces (laser light, electrical vs mechanical)

• create a rough geometric layout• identify the fundamental and incidental interactions

between clusters• define secondary sub-systems

11

•Define subsystems from clusters•Subsystem Architecture• repeat above at the subsystem level

•Optimizing design across sub-system interfacesconsider migration of components

•Trade Studies• Alternative technologies

•Create detailed Specifications•Planned Evolutionary Changes including Technology transparency•Establishing Error Budgets, weight budgets, power budgets, etc.

12

A Functional Structure for a Trailer

What other functions are possible?

13

Functional Elements Components

Modular Architecture

14

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architecture

Plus Minus

15

?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a modular architecture

Plus• Freedom to

optimize• Simplifies problem• Prioritization• Isolates problems• Same device for

different purposes• Cheaper because

of volume

Minus• More people with

more specific expertise

• Harder to streamline• More parts• Constrained to fit in

slot• Single module failure• Blame game

16

Types of Modular Architectures

• Slot– each component has a different coupling so

cannot be interchanged (instrument panel of some airplanes, some parts of back plane of computers, others?)

• Bus– Common element which all components can

connect to (track lighting, Ethernet, others?)

• Sectional– All interfaces are the same type (set of

blocks, others?)

17

Interfaces

Advantages and Disadvantages?

18

Integral Architecture

19

Examples of an Integral Architecture

• Fully custom VLSI chip• One piece “monkey suit’• One room studio apartment?• All in one

printer/fax/scanner?• Cell phone etc• Other?

20

What are the advantages and disadvantages

of a integral architecture?+_

21

What are the advantages and disadvantages

of a integral architecture?• Higher

functionality• Can be cheaper

• Inflexible• Longer to design• Harder to

maintain• Difficult to

upgrade• More

complicated

22

23

24

Product Evolution• Upgrade• Add-ons• Adaptation• Wear• Consumption• Flexibility• Maintainability• Feature bundling

Well-designed product architectures accommodate these life cycle changes

25

Product Families• Spin out a variety of products from

a common set of modules• Reuse extensively• Fast turn-around experiments to

test market acceptance of features and to satisfy different segments

• Change Technology platforms infrequently

26

Trailer Example• Different load strength trailer

beds (modularized)• normal or heavy duty

environmental protection?• Three sets of suspension

springs• Air drag streamlining or

standard

27

Modular/IntegralWhich is preferred?

FeatureM I

• Performance• Time to Market• Cost• Upgrade• Competitive defense• Developing World

28

How to achieve product variety

29

Developing World Product ArchitecturesGiven conditions in Guatemala is there a bias for any particular

architectural style?

Condition• Extreme

cheapness• Maintainability• Scarce

resources• Poor

Transportation infrastructure

• High uncertainty in product acceptance

• ?

Architecture• Integral• Modular• Integral• Hybrid?

Class exercise

• Sketch a (first draft) architecture for your product

• Why did you choose this approach