Lecture 5 Wk 05
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Transcript of Lecture 5 Wk 05
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Topic Three : Essentials of InformationSystems
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Learning Outcome The student shall be able to evaluate markets for IT
products, major vendors, factors affecting major IT-related decisions
Ethics in Information Technology, Fourth Edition 2
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Performance Criteria:
3.1 Evaluate enterprise architecture
3.2 Evaluate the Data and Data Warehousesapplications
3.3 Evaluate the Networks in Information Systemsenvironment
3.4 Evaluate Telecommunications and mobiletechnologies in Information Systems
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Chapter 5:Enterprise Architecture
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CHAPTER FIVE OVERVIEW SECTION 5.1 - MANAGING ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURES Enterprise Architectures
Information Architecture
Infrastructure Architecture
Application Architecture
SECTION 5.2 - ARCHITECTURE TRENDS Service Oriented Architecture
Virtualization
Grid Computing
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MANAGING ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURES
Section 5.1
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LEARNING OUTCOMES5.1 Explain the three components of an
enterprise architecture
5.2 Describe how an organization can
implement a solid informationarchitecture
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LEARNING OUTCOMES5.3 List and describe the five-ilities in an
infrastructure architecture
5.4 Compare web services and open
systems
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES Enterprise architecture - includes the plans for
how an organization will build, deploy, use, and
share its data, processes, and IT assets
Enterprise architect (EA) -a person grounded intechnology, fluent in business, a patient diplomat,
and provides the important bridge between IT andthe business
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES Primary goals of enterprise architectures
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES
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INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE Information architecture - identifies where and how
important information, such as customer records, ismaintained and secured
Enterprise information architecture should focus on:
1. Backup and recovery
2. Disaster recovery3. Information security
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INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY Backup -an exact copy of a systems information
Recovery
-the ability to get a system up and running in
the event of a system crash or failure and includesrestoring the information backup
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY Fault tolerance -a computer system designed that in
the event a component fails, a backup component orprocedure can immediately take its place with no loss
of service
Failover- a backup operational mode in which thefunctions of a computer component (such as a
processor, server, network, or database) is assumed bysecondary system components when the primarycomponent becomes unavailable through either failureor scheduled down time
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DISASTER RECOVERYDisaster recovery best practices
include:
Mind the enterprise architecturesMonitor the quality of computer networksthat provide data on power suppliers anddemand
Make sure the networks can be restoredquickly in the case of downtimeSet up disaster recovery plansProvide adequate staff training
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DISASTER RECOVERY Financial Institutions Worldwide Spending on Disaster
Recovery
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DISASTER RECOVERY Disaster recovery plan -a detailed process for
recovering information or an IT system in the event ofa catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood
Disaster recovery cost curve - charts (1) the cost tothe organization of the unavailability of informationand technology and (2) the cost to the organization ofrecovering from a disaster over time
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DISASTER RECOVERY
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DISASTER RECOVERY Hot site - a separate and fully equipped facility where
the company can move immediately after a disasterand resume business
Cold site - a separate facility that does not have anycomputer equipment, but is a place where employees
can move after a disaster
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DISASTER RECOVERY Business continuity planning (BCP) - is a plan for
how an organization will recover and restore partiallyor completely interrupted critical function(s) within apredetermined time after a disaster or extendeddisruption
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INFORMATION SECURITY
Good information architectures include A strong information security plan
Managing user access Up-to-date antivirus software and patches
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INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE Infrastructure architecture - includes the hardware,
software, and telecommunicationsequipment that,when combined, provides the underlying foundationto support the organizations goals
As an organization changes, its systems must be able
to change to support its operations
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INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE
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INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE Five primary characteristics of a solid
infrastructure architecture:
1. Flexibility
2. Scalability
3. Reliability
4. Availability
5. Performance
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FLEXIBILITY Organizations must watch todays business, as well as
tomorrows, when designing and building systems
Systems must be flexible enough to meet all types ofbusiness changes
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SCALABILITY Scalability - refers to how well a system can adapt to
increased demands
Capacity planning - determines the future ITinfrastructure requirements for new equipment andadditional network capacity
Performing a capacity plan is one way to ensure the ITinfrastructure is scalable
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RELIABILITY Reliability ensures all systems are functioning
correctly and providing accurate information
Reliability is another term for accuracy whendiscussing the correctness of systems within thecontext of efficiency IT metrics
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AVAILABILITY Availability - addresses when systems can be accessed
by users
High availability - refers to a system or componentthat is continuously operational for a desirably longlength of time
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PERFORMANCE Performance - measures how quickly a system
performs a certain process or transaction (in terms ofefficiency IT metrics of both speed and throughput)
Not having enough performance capacity can have adevastating, negative impact on a business
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APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE Application architecture - determines how
applications integrate and relate to each other
With new architectures, IT can build new businesscapabilities faster, cheaper, and in a vocabulary thebusiness can understand
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WEB SERVICES Web service -contains a repertoire of Web-based
data and procedural resources that use sharedprotocols and standards permitting different
applications to share data and services
Interoperability - the capability of two or more
computer systems to share data and resources,even though they are made by differentmanufacturers
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WEB SERVICES
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WEB SERVICES The two primary parts of web services are:
1. Event -detect threats and opportunities and alertthose who can act on the information
2. Service - more like software products than they arecoding projects Need to be reusable if they are going to have an impact on
productivity
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OPEN SYSTEMS Open system -a broad, general term that describes
nonproprietary IT hardware and software madeavailable by the standards and procedures by which
their products work, making it easier to integrate them
Open source -refers to any program whose sourcecode is made available for use or modification as users
or other developers see fit
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ARCHITECTURE TRENDS
Section 5.2
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LEARNING OUTCOMES5.5 Describe the business value in
deploying a service oriented
architecture
5.6 Explain the need for interoperabilityand loose coupling in buildingtodays IT systems
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LEARNING OUTCOMES5.7 Identify the logical functions used in
a virtualized environment
5.8 Explain the business benefits of grid
computing
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ARCHITECTURE TRENDS Organizations today must continually watch new
architecture trends to ensure they can keep up withnew and disruptive technologies
Three architecture trends that are quickly becomingrequirements for all businesses including:
1. Service oriented architecture2. Virtualization
3. Grid computing
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SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE Service oriented architecture(SOA) is a business-
driven IT architectural approach that supportsintegrating a business as linked, repeatable tasks or
services
SOA ensures IT systems can adapt quickly, easily, and
economically to support rapidly changing businessneeds
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SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
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SOA BUSINESS BENEFITSThe key technical concepts of SOA are:
Services
Interoperability
Loose coupling
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SOA BUSINESS BENEFITS
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SERVICEService oriented architecture begins with a
service
(A SOA) service - can be a business task,such as checking a potential customer'scredit rating only opening a new account
Services are like software products
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SERVICE
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INTEROPERABILITYInteroperability - is the capability of
two or more computer systems to share
data and resources, even though theyare made by different manufacturers
Extensible Markup Language (XML)- amarkup language for documentscontaining structured information
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LOOSE COUPLING Loose coupling - is the capability of services to be
joined together on demand to create compositeservices, or disassembled just as easily into their
functional components
Loose coupling is a way of ensuring that the technical
details are decoupled from the service
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VIRTUALIZATIONVirtualization - is a framework of
dividing the resources of a computer
into multiple execution environments
It is a way of increasing physicalresources to maximize the investmentin hardware
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VIRTUALIZATION
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WHAT ARE VIRTUAL MACHINES? System virtualization - is the ability to present the
resources of a single computer as if it is a collection ofseparate computers ("virtual machines")
Each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces,storage, and operating system
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WHAT ARE VIRTUAL MACHINES?
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VIRTUALIZATION BUSINESS
BENEFITSTrends that have moved virtualization
into the spotlight:
Hardware being underutilized
Data centers running out of space
Increased energy costs
System administration costs mounting
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ADDITIONAL VIRTUALIZATION
BENEFITSRapid application deployment
Dynamic load balancing
Streamlined disaster recovery
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GRID COMPUTING Grid computing - is an aggregation of geographically
dispersed computing, storage, and network resources,coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher
quality of service, better utilization, and easier accessto data
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GRID COMPUTING
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GRID COMPUTING BUSINESS BENEFITS Improving productivity and collaboration of virtual
organizations and respective computing and dataresources
Allowing widely dispersed departments andbusinesses to create virtual organizations to share dataand resources
Building robust and infinitely flexible and resilientoperational architectures
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GRID COMPUTING BUSINESS
BENEFIT Providing instantaneous access to massive computing
and data resources
Leveraging existing capital investments, which in turnhelp to ensure optimal utilization and costs ofcomputing capabilities
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GRID COMPUTING BUSINESS
BENEFITS