Lecture 5 Space and Texture

7/31/2019 Lecture 5 Space and Texture

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ARCHITECTURAL

DESIGN THEORYSEMESTER ILECTURE 5


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This lecture will cover: Space in 2-D compositions

Direction in visual design Texture

ADT I 2006 Prof Anil Kumar, DOA, CRSCE 2


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Elements of visual design

This series of lectures is covering theelements of visual design and while these

are primarily limited to dot, line, shape,color and texture, there are other aspectsthat are often considered as elements ofvisual design. Space and direction areseen as some of these by designphilosophers.



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Space

Space has to be includedin any visual design.

In 2-dimensionalarrangements spacemeans leaving some blankareas in a composition.

A human eye needs spaceto feel comfortable, andspace will let the eyedistinguish the part that'smeant to be noticedcompared to just thebackground.

Sometimes not includingspace in a visual design isacceptable, but care has tobe taken to ascertain thatthe final visual effect is notover crowded and chaotic.



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DIRECTION Compositions can have

direction - Horizontal,Vertical or Oblique.

Horizontal suggestscalmness, stability and

tranquility. Vertical gives a feeling of

balance, formality andalertness.

Oblique suggestsmovement and action.

The composition could becentered and still too.



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Directional Movement

Directional Movement - is avisual flow through thecomposition.

It can be the suggestion in avisual design as the eyemoves from object to object

by way of placement andposition. Directional movement can be

created with the placementand size of shapes used in acomposition.

It is also with the placement

of dark and light areas thatattention can be movedthrough a composition.



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Note the different suggested directions in the four compositions


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Texture

Texture - is about surface quality eithertactile or visual. Texture can be real or

implied by different uses of media. It isthe degree of roughness or smoothness inobjects.

Texture is the surface quality of a shape -rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc.Texture can be physical (tactile) or visual.



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Texture is a surfacequality.

It relates to theappearance of a surface.

Appearance can beperceived by either the

eyes or touch. Surfaces can look or feel

smooth, rough, soft, cool,or warm.

They can look pleasant orunpleasant, which can

have a dramatic effect ona display.


Texture


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Texture


Texture and color

Mechanical TextureArtistic Texture

Textures in everyday life


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Texture

Textures range from the smoothest polishedmirror to the roughest sandpaper like surface.The term is often misused to refer only to rough

surfaces but this is not correct. All surfaces havetexture.

A designer recognizes that different textures canaffect interest in different ways.

Some surfaces are inviting and some are

repellent and reaction is normally created bytexture or color. Using different textures can increase interest in a

composition by adding variety without changingcolor.



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Texture

Texture refers to the quality of a surface.Everything that has a surface has texture.

There are two kinds of texture: Tactile touch 3D texture

Visual illusion 2D texture



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Texture

TACTILE TEXTURETactile means touch. Tactile texture is the

actual (3D) feel of a surface. This is ofparamount importance to three-dimensional design but of can also be afactor of generating interest in two-

dimensional design. The actual surface texture needs to either

be felt, or seen with light raking across itssurface to make the texture visible.



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Texture

VISUAL TEXTUREVisual texture refers to the illusion of the

surface's texture. It is what a surface looks like. The textures seen in a photograph are

visual textures.

No matter how rough objects in thephotograph look, the surface of thephotograph is smooth and flat.



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Visual texture isalways a factor in acomposition becauseeverything has a

surface and hence atexture. Plain paper has a

boring texture that isonly slightly differentfrom the note book's

paper. Some othercolored papers aremore visuallyinteresting. This isbecause of their color,but also their texture.

Look around to seewhat interestinglytextures (both visualand tactile) can beseen.



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Texture


Here are some examples of texture compositions made by students


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Texture

ADT I 2006 Prof Anil Kumar, DOA, CRSCE 18Enjoy the visual textures depicted by these pictures


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Texture


And these pictures show varied textures


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Texture


Here are some more visual texture varieties


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Texture


And these imagesshow other

possibilities of visualtextures


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PATTERN

Patterns also create textures A recognizable motifregularly repeated produces a

pattern. Pattern requires repetition -- in design as inlife (a pattern of behavior). The more regular the

repetition, the stronger the pattern. Compare this fieldof flowers with a checkerboard. Both have a repeatingmotif.

All of the motifs in a pattern have surfaces, so there isalways texture. But there is not always pattern -- only

when you notice it.ADT I 2006 Prof Anil Kumar, DOA, CRSCE 22


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Texture and Pattern

Texture and pattern are related. When you look closely at atree you can see the pattern of leaves that make itssurface. When you back away you loose awareness of theleaves and notice the texture the leaves make on the tree.Farther away still and you can see the pattern of the trees

making up the forest and finally the texture of the forest.In this way pattern changes to texture as you loose sightof the individual motifs. This is easy to do with naturalpatterns, but you have to get quite far away from achecker board grid to see it as texture.



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Patterns are generally more noticeable thantextures. This makes them a stronger visual

element for controlling attention.



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By now you would be reasonably wellacquainted with textures, space (2-D) and

direction in visual design.



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Lecture 5 Space and Texture

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Transcript of Lecture 5 Space and Texture