LECTURE 4 (Strategic Thought - 2014)

8/17/2019 LECTURE 4 (Strategic Thought - 2014)

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LECTURE 4

ANCIENT PERIOD



Thought

(Sun Tzu and SunBin)

know your enemy and know yourself

and youcan ght a hundred battles without

defeat

engaging in a battle withoutrighteousness, no

one under Heaven would be able to



Sun Tzu (!!"#$% BC)

• Believed to have wrote The Art of War during thewarring states period (476-221 BC!

• "everal Chinese #enerals appear to have put their$ethods down in writing!

•

The% had various te&ts written '% others! ossi'le the#enerals were not histori)al *gures 'ut legendar%pegs!

• This $ethod is still used in China toda%!

Sun Tzu and Sun Bin

http://stefanbolocan.wordpress.com/2010/07/11/actualitatea-lui-sun-tzu/

http://stefanbolocan.wordpress.com/2010/07/11/actualitatea-lui-sun-tzu/



• &en Tao 'anzhang + ,oined the L in 1.//0

involved in Long ar)h 1./4-/0 anti-3apanesewar0 and held $an% i$portant $ilitar% posts'eore ,oined a)ade$i) world '% the age o 65 in1..1!

•

u'lished the 'oo + "un Tu8s rt o 9ar!

Sun Tzu and Sun Bin Cont…



SNAINI

(des*endant o+#,,th)



Sun Bin

• ( )entur% ater "un Tu produ)ed

warring prin)ipalities - Chinese te&t la%'are the $ethods whi)h a$ous generalsused ie! :Ta8i ;ung8s "i& "e)ret Tea)hings80:The ethods o "su-a80 :Three "trategies

o <uang "hih +ung8 and the :ilitar%ethods8!



• The te&ts in =uestion )annot 'e

understood ull% without 'earing in $indthe underl%ing wa% in whi)h Chinese)ulture approa)hes war! >or$alinterpretation0 war regarded as evil!

Cont…



• :9eapons are instru$ents o ill o$en8- "un Tu

• :<owever vast the state0 he who taes pleasurein the $ilitar% will perish8 + "un in

• :9hen the dead lie sti? and %ou grieve orthe$0 %ou have not attained righteousness8 +9u Tu

The Important Thought of Military Power

At Strategic Level



• Constituting a ne)essar% evil0 war was at the sa$e ti$ea te$porar% departure ro$ :)os$i) har$on%80 or Tao.

• War will be won by the side possessing the greatestVirtue.

• :@ou should )ultivate %our Airtue!!and o'serve the Tao o

<eaven8- Ta8i ;ung• :Engaging in a 'attle without righteousness0 no one

under <eaven would 'e a'le to 'e solid and strong8 +"un in!

• The $ilitar% virtue o an ar$% taes the or$ o stri)tdis)ipline! ("un Tu8s )on)u'ine training

Cont…

The Important Thought of Military Power

At Strategic Level



• The need o stri)t dis)ipline as a 'asis or all$ilitar% a)tion is e=uall% evident in the re$ainingte&ts!

• ))ording to "su-a0 the pere)t ar$% is the onethat re=uires neither rewards nor punish$ents!

• To $ae use o rewards 'ut i$pose nopunish$ent is the height o instru)tion!

• To i$pose punish$ent 'ut issue no reward is theheight o aweso$eness!

• E$plo%ing a $i&ture o rewards and punish$entswill end up )ausing Airtue to de)line!

Cont…The Importance Thought of Military

Power At perational ! Tactical Level

The Characteri"tic" of Leader"hip and

Command ! Control



• The 'est-dis)iplined ar$% is so good that it re=uiresneither rewards or punish$ents!

• Behaving as i it were a single personalit%0 it will

ollow its )o$$ander on its own a))ord!• 9hen these $atters have 'een dealt with0 it is

possi'le to dis)uss =uestions as organiation0ar$a$ents and suppl%!

•

>e&t step0 )arr% out a surve% o the strength o one8sown side and that o the ene$% (in)l! weather0terrain0 )o$$and and do)trine!

• But how0 pre)isel%0 is vi)tor% to 'e won

Cont…The Importance Thought of Military

Power At perational ! Tactical Level

The Characteri"tic" of Leader"hip and

Command ! Control



• :>o state has 'ene*ted ro$ a long war8- "un Tu!

• The 'est wa% to settle a dispute is '% diplo$a)%0negotiate with the ene$% and give hi$ presents!

• "e)ond 'est0 use dirt% tri)s0 su)h asassassinating the ene$% )o$$ander or 'ri'inghis o)ers!

• Those who )annot use dirt% tri)s engage in$anoeuvre!

• Those who )annot $anoeuvre0 *ght a 'attle!

•

Those who )annot0 la% siege!

The Thought" of #irect and Indirect

Approache"



• D or)e is used0 use in )areull% $easured doses0neither $ore nor less is ne)essar%0 and in short0sharp 'ursts! Throw ro)s at eggsF

• Use de)eptionG when %ou are strong0 pretend to 'eweaH when %ou are wea0 pretend to 'e strong!

• Use speed and se)re)% ! D weaer than ene$%0avoid hi$0 harass hi$ and draw hi$ into terrainthat is unavoura'le to hi$!

• Conuse hi$ '% eints0 'aits and $isinor$ation!

• 9hen %ou have the ene$% where %ou want hi$-all on hi$ lie a thunder'oltI


Approache" Cont…



• To a)hieve these ideals0 2 things are

needed G the ar$% $ust 'e e&tre$el%Je&i'le an ar$% is lie water whi)h adaptsitsel to the )on*guration o the groundF

•

Dntelligen)e (use o spies i lo)al spies

ii internal spies

iii turned spies

iv dead (e&penda'le spies

v living spies


Approache" Cont…



;now the ene$% and now %ourselH

in a hundred 'attles %ou will neverperil! 9hen %ou are ignorant o theene$% 'ut now %oursel0 %our)han)es o winning or losing aree=ual! D ignorant 'oth o %ourene$% and o %oursel0 %ou are)ertain in ver% 'attle to 'e in perilF +

"un Tu!



>ow0 read "un Tu8s rt o 9ar! Understandand unleash the se)rets o $ilitar% strategies

su))essull% used or $ore than 20KKK %ears! The 3apanese used it0 ao Tse Tung used it0>apolean used it0 sa$a Bin Laden reputedto have learnt and used it tooM!as well as

$an% su))essul 'usiness$en!

CautionG @ou will >T 'e the sa$e soldier

as %ou are now ater %ou understand the rto 9ar!



Dn `The Art of War’ 0 "un Tu des)ri'ed in detail the

pattern and $ove$ent o guerilla warare should 'ehandled!

The ideas0 pattern and ta)ti)s o guerilla warareavaila'le to )odi% under )ertain )haptersH art DDD +?ensive "trateg%0 art DA + 9eanesses and "trength0

art DN + ar)hes0 art N + Terrain and art NDDD +E$plo%$ent o "e)ret gents!

The `harassing and hit – and – run tactics’ o guerillawarare had 'een used as the instru$ent o the weapart% against the strong part% (during /06KK B!C! "un

Tu assisted E$peror <ang gainst the iao O%nast%!

Under the )hapter POensive trategy’ the)onsiderations o ene$% strength to laun)h the atta)is the i$portant o rational )al)ulation to win the

'attle!

Sun Tzu and $uerilla %arfare



"un Tu8s ideas in ter$ o guerilla warare are also

the involving o politi)al pri$ar% o politi)s sphereto initiate0 to )ondu)t and to deter$ine theinsurgen)% in relations o or$ulating the de)isionso strateg% to 'e taen!

To $aintain the people8s support and to avoid thepeople8s struggle (espe)iall% the peasant )lass0the e=uivalent o sa)ri*)es $ust 'e a)hieved!

"un Tu envisage the signi*)an)e o )lose tie'etween politi)al leaders (govern$ent0 the ar$%

and people to win war or guerilla war! Under the )hapter POensive trategy’ the

)onsiderations o ene$% strength to laun)h theatta) is the i$portant o rational )al)ulation to

win the 'attleH

Sun Tzu and $uerilla %arfareCont…



Chapter 1 + La%ing lans!

Chapter 2 + 9aging 9ar! Chapter / + tta) '% "tratege$!

Chapter 4 + Ta)ti)al Oispositions!

Chapter + Energ%!

Chapter 6 + 9ea oints and "trong!

Chapter 7 + anoeuvring!

Chapter 5 + Aariations o Ta)ti)s!

Chapter . + The r$% on the ar)h!

Chapter 1K + Terrain!

Chapter 11 + The >ine "ituations!

Chapter 12 + The tta) '% Qire!

Chapter 1/ + The Use o "pies!

Sun Tzu & The Art of %ar



Indian Military

Thought(-autilya)



• ;autil%a (Chana%a was an adviser to the

aur%an O%nast% in the th )entur% B!C!• At &rand Strategi* .e/el " <is ideas in

Arthasastra e$phasied on `state–craft’ and onhow to 'uild a good and e&)ellent state in)luding

what a state s%ste$ should have0 the role oingleaders and how to deal with other states!

'autilya



• Chapter ND!& o `The iege’ 0 reeren)es pointing

towards guerilla and 0sy*hologi*al 1ar+are)onsiderations )an 'e identi*ed! The propagandainstru$ent is possi'le to $aintain and to enhan)ethe power su)h as using )landestine agents underthe 'igger s)ope o e$pire e&pansion whi)hrelated to the !andala Theory !

'autilya Cont…



• eloponnesian 9ar 'etween 4/1 and 4K4 B!C.

when the "partan (wea part% went against thethenian (strong part%!

• rior to 41K B!C! the thenians were a'le to)ontrol and )ontain the "partan revolts in one othe territories under it e$pire0 'ut the ollowing%ears saw "partan vi)tories over the 'igger partso #ree)e!

Thucydide"



• At &rand Strategi* .e/el " the i$portan)e o

Thu)%dides8 notion o atta)ing `the centre ofgravity’ when the "partan deeated and )apturedthe thenians!

• Unortunatel%0 Thu)%dides did not give a )leara))ount o the ta)ti)s and te)hni=ues used '% the

"partans 'e)ause his e$phasis was $ore onhistori)al des)ription o the )onventional warare0states rivalries and thens8s internationalrelations rather than the $ilitar% strategies!

Thucydide"



Con*lusion

The distin)tion 'etween level o strategies werenot so )lear!

The $ost i$portant ele$ent to wage war or to wina war was

the Chara*teristi*s o+ .eadershi0 andCo33and 4 Control5

ilitar% as an essential i$portant tool dealinginternational relations (old diplo$a)%0

negotiation0 allian)e et)! The use o topographi)al0 geo-de$ographi)al andps%)hologi)al aspe)ts were have 'een uphold asthe $ain )hara)ters to gain the war in the $ain o

an)ient strategi) thiners

LECTURE 4 (Strategic Thought - 2014)

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