Lecture 4 Review 1

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1

History of Architecture-II (AP-313)

Review 1

LECTURE 4

Nipesh P Narayanan


REVIEW 1

• Neoclassical Architecture (Early 19th Century)

– French Revolution and the age of enlightenment

• Arts and Crafts Movement (Late 19th Century)

– Industrial revolution and mass production

• Art Nouveau (Late 19th Century)

– New Art, against the traditional

• Indo Saracenic Architecture (Late 19th Century till Early 20th Century)

– Architecture for the Empire


FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840)

"Liberty leading the People" by Eugène Delacroix, 1830

Imag

e So

urce

httph

ttp:

//w

ww

.rjge

ib.c

om/t

houg

hts/

fren

ch/l

iber

ty.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]


FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840) - RADICAL SOCIAL UPHEAVAL

IMMANUEL KANT

“Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another. …The motto of enlightenment is therefore: Sapere aude! Have courage to use your own understanding!”

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.c

onsti

tutio

n.or

g/im

g/je

an_j

acqu

es_r

ouss

eau.

jpg

&htt

p://

ww

w.m

arxi

sts.

org/

glos

sary

/peo

ple/

k/pi

cs/k

ant.j

pg [

ON

LIN

E]

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU

“….the arts, literature and the sciences, less despotic though perhaps more powerful, fling garlands offlowers over the chains which weigh them down. They stifle in men’s breasts that sense of original liberty, for which they seem to have been born; cause them to love their own slavery, and so make of them what is called a civilised people.”


NEO CLASSICISM REVIVAL OF THE CLASSICAL

Plato & Classic Ideas

“Ideal Form”

Archaeology

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

Excavation of Pompeii & Herculaneum

18th Century France and the age of enlightenment

Jacque Louis David

Immanuel Kant

Jean-Jacques Rousseau


FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840) - ARCHITECTURE OF REASON

“ The person who guided solely by reason can accept a God as creator, but not as a guide. From now on architecture no longer served religion and even less so the feudal ruler. It was believed that the built environment could be used to have a positive influence on the spirit of the people, and inspire them to behave in a manner based on reason and morality”

~ The Story of Architecture, From Antiquity to the Present

“ Honest Architecture”

~ Abbot Laugier, Essai sur l'Architecture, 1753


WHAT IS HONEST ARCHITECTURE?


WHAT IS HONEST ARCHITECTURE?

“ Honest Architecture”

~ Abbot Laugier, Essai sur l'Architecture, 1753

Faults

E.g. - Use of Pilaster - Incorrect proportions

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

cove

rs.o

penl

ibra

ry.o

rg/b

/id/

6789

435-

M.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]


KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/gbc

/im

ages

/cid

_112

3537

651_

0033

8v.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]

Berlin, Germany , 1830



Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/gbc

/im

ages

/cid

_alte

s_rh

_002

.jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

data

.gre

atbu

ildin

gs.c

om/g

bc/d

raw

ings

/Alte

s_Pl

an_2

.jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

data

.gre

atbu

ildin

gs.c

om/g

bc/d

raw

ings

/Alte

s_Se

ction

_A.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/cgi

-bin

/gbi

.cgi

/Alte

s_M

useu

m.h

tml/c

id_a

ltes_

jag_

001.

htm

l [O

NLI

NE]



PRINCIPLES OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

HONESTY

Design Unity

Joy in Labour

Individualism

Regionalism


PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE

William Morris, Kent, England (1859)

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

uplo

ad.w

ikim

edia

.org

/wik

iped

ia/c

omm

ons/

0/03

/The

_Red

_Hou

se%

2C_B

exle

yhea

th.JP

G [O

NLI

NE]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/cgi

-bin

/gbc

-dra

win

g.cg

i/Th

e_Re

d_H

ouse

.htm

l/Re

d_H

ouse

_Pla

n_2.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

khan

.sm

arth

istor

y.or

g/as

sets

/im

ages

/Im

ages

2/Re

d%20

Hou

se%

20pl

an.JP

G [O

NLI

NE]


PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE"The Arts and Crafts, together with the English Free Style of architecture, has its origins in this joint work by Morris and Webb which took the format of William Butterfield's Gothic Revival vicarage and used its general character as the point of departure for the short-lived but influential Pre-Raphaelite domestic style...For Webb,...the Red House was merely the first of a series of houses in which he endeavoured to engender an authentic ahistorical style, through the direct expression of local materials and craftsmanship. Webb adopted the Gothic Revival syntax of Pugin and Butterfield, that is, clay tiling, corbelled brick work, rubbed brick arches and circular openings, as a way of articulating an open-ended form of vernacular expression.“

— Kenneth Frampton and Yukio Futagawa. Modern Architecture 1851-1945. p22




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

khan

.sm

arth

istor

y.or

g/as

sets

/im

ages

/Im

ages

2/Re

dHou

seBa

ckby

SCad

man

.jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.v

icto

rianw

eb.o

rg/a

rt/a

rchi

tect

ure/

web

b/6.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

3.bp

.blo

gspo

t.com

/-LV

kv3e

hCW

XQ/T

cGXt

9djG

QI/A

AAAA

AAAF

ZA/U

8rD

6u_q

cCo/

s160

0/7.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]


ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?

Use of New Materials

Protest against the traditional

“William Morris was the theoretician whose beliefs more than those of anyone else initiated the Art Nouveau movement”


VICTOR HORTA HOTEL VAN EETVELDE

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.w

asaw

eb.n

et/p

hoto

grap

hs/B

russ

els-

Hot

el-v

an-E

etve

lde-

1.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]

Brussels, Belgium (1895)


Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/cgi

-bin

/gbc

-dra

win

g.cg

i/H

otel

_van

_Eet

veld

e.ht

ml/

van_

Eetv

elde

_1st

_Pla

n.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.g

reat

build

ings

.com

/cgi

-bin

/gbc

-dra

win

g.cg

i/H

otel

_van

_Eet

veld

e.ht

ml/

van_

Eetv

elde

_Sec

tion.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]




Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

blog

.bes

t-bo

okin

gs.c

om/e

n/fil

es/2

013/

02/B

ruxe

lles_

Vict

or_H

orta

_cop

ertin

a.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]




COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE BRITISH IN INDIA

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.w

ayfa

rers

book

shop

.com

/cat

alog

ues/

cata

logu

e9-8

.jpg

[ON

LIN

E]


THE QUESTION OF STYLE

“We ought, like the Romans and the Mohammedans, to take our national style with us….we shall be likely to succeed best if we are not too anxious to incorporate much of the art or style of the country with our own”~ Roger Smith

Emerson pointed out that, on contrary, Islamic architecture in India is notable for its degree of adaptation to local conditions. That was the procedure which he urged the British to Follow.


EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN

Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

3.bp

.blo

gspo

t.com

/_M

Oox

UPo

ilo4/

SyjS

Drd

qMnI

/AAA

AAAA

AAKw

/sl1

MF3

U-V

Is/s

400/

rash

trap

ati-

bhav

an-in

dia-

pict

ure-

phot

o.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]

New Delhi, 1912-29



Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

stati

c.in

dian

expr

ess.

com

/m-im

ages

/Mon

%20

Apr%

2015

%20

2013

,%20

02:1

2%20

hrs/

M_I

d_37

6247

_FP.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]

New Delhi, 1912-29



Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

ww

w.c

s.jh

u.ed

u/~b

agch

i/de

lhi/

pics

/95.

jpg

[ON

LIN

E]

New Delhi, 1912-29



Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

your

budg

etho

tel.c

om/i

mag

es/b

haw

an.jp

g [O

NLI

NE]

New Delhi, 1912-29



Imag

e So

urce

: htt

p://

med

ia.tr

ippl

an.c

om/i

mag

es/2

013/

03/2

8/ra

shtr

apati

-bha

van-

1-l.j

pg [

ON

LIN

E]

New Delhi, 1912-29


REVIEW 1

• Neoclassical Architecture (Early 19th Century)

– Ideology to Architecture

• Arts and Crafts Movement (Late 19th Century)

– Architecture as a reaction

• Art Nouveau (Late 19th Century)

– Architecture as a revolt

• Indo Saracenic Architecture (Late 19th Century till Early 20th Century)

– Architecture as suppression tool

Lecture 4 Review 1

Education

Transcript of Lecture 4 Review 1