LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente...
-
Upload
sharleen-sanders -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente...
![Page 1: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LECTURE 4AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR
![Page 2: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THE EUROPEAN THEATERThe formation of secret alliancesEntente Cordiale (Allies) England, France,
RussiaCentral Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Italy, TurkeyArchduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in
Sarayevo, July 1914
![Page 3: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BACKGROUND OF THE WARTripling of Europe’s populationRise of nationalismRise of militarismDivision of the world among colonial nationsSecret alliances
![Page 4: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1914-1916Mutual war declarationsNorth Sea becomes a war zoneInvasion of Belgium1915: U-boats, (submarines) sink the
LusitaniaUnrestricted submarine warfareEuropean ”funny war,” war of attrition
![Page 5: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EUROPEAN FRONT1914 German advance stopped at MarneStalemate, trench warfareA continuous immovable front from Flanders
to Switzerland, 25,000 miles of trenchesPoison gas (Ypern), tanks,German siege of Verdun, battle of the Somme1917: Russian Revolution, Brest Litovsk
Peace Treaty
![Page 6: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AMERICAN RESPONSEA strained neutralityIdentification with France, EnglandSympathy for BelgiumGerman militarism, authoritarianism vs.
American democracyPro-British high officials (Col. Edward House,
Robert Lansing)
![Page 7: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WOODROW WILSONDemocratStrong WASP backgroundPrinceton University president, historian,
political scientistPro-BritishWins election of 1916
![Page 8: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CAUSES OF U.S.ENTRYFatigue of allies, defection of RussiaSuccessful anti-German propagandaFreedom of the seas doctrineDesire to be at peace tableWilson’s war message: The world must be
made safe for democracy
![Page 9: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anti-German propaganda
![Page 10: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MOBILIZATION FOR WARTotal mobilization of the economyWilson’s war dictatorshipExercising power through committeesFood AdministrationFuel AdministrationWar Industries Board
![Page 11: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TOTAL MOBILIZATION FOR WARMobilizing societyCommittee on Public Information-propaganda
machineAnti-German hysteria, attack against radicalsEspionage and Sedition Act of 1917Schenck v. U.S., US Supreme Court upholds ”clear and present danger”
![Page 12: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NATIVISMForced Americanization-superpatriotic
national unityAmerican Protective LeaguePersecution of Socialists, union members,
social reformers, pacifists, consciencious objectors
![Page 13: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCEThe DoughboysThe Selective Service Act 24 million
registered, 3 million draftedVolunteers (adventure, advance in life,
impress women)Segregated military unitsIntelligence testing, temperance, chastity
![Page 14: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ADVANCES IN EUROPEGeneral John J. Pershing AEF commanderFresh infusion of blood to tired allies1918: battles at Chateau Thierry, Belleau
Wood, and Saint Mihiel900,000 American troops in the Meuse-
Argonne campaign
![Page 15: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WILSON’S PEACE PLANFourteen PointsOpen diplomacyFreedom of the SeasNational self-determination for Central
EuropeDisarmamentAssociation of nations to prevent war
![Page 16: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WINNING THE WAR, LOSING THE PEACE1918 Nov. 11 Armistice1918-1920 Paris peace talksSkepticism of Fourteen PointsWilson fails as a peace makerAllies punish Germany: reparations, loss of
coloniesFailure of League of Nations, U.S. does not
join
![Page 17: LECTURE 4 AMERICA IN THE GREAT WAR. THE EUROPEAN THEATER The formation of secret alliances Entente Cordiale (Allies) England, France, Russia Central Powers:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f19f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LEGACY OF WORLD WAR ONEU.S. becomes an economic superpowerAmericans experience centralized economyDivisions within American society-pacifists v. interventionist, nativist v.
immigrant, dry v. wetAmerica becomes more cosmopolitan and
urban