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Connecterization

• Two method to connect two fibers together

 – Splicing

 – Termination

• Two types of splicing: mechanical & fusion

• Termination is by fitting a connector at the

end of fiber so that it can be connected

together or to the equipment

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Splicing

• Mechanical splicing

 – Temporary because we can disconnect it easily

 – High loss because of possible misalignment and

air gap in between

• Fusion splicing

 – Permanent since two fibers are fused together

 – Low loss than mechanical splicing

 – Need to use specialized equipment and skill

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Splicing

• Procedures to do splicing

 – Remove the protective jacket which protect the

cladding.

 – Clean the residual jacket material using alcohol

 – Cleave fiber end to ensure it is flat and smooth

 – Put into grove (mechanical) or splicing machine to

connect them

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Splicing

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Termination

• Usually use to connect fibers to measurement

equipment

• Different types for different use

• FC/PC FC/APC SC/PC SC/APC ST

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Misalignment

• Lateral misalignment

• d = core offset

• a = radius

2

1

21

22cos

2

a

d 

a

d 

a

d 

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Misalignment

• Gap / end separation

• x = gap distance

•

a = core radius

oan

 xNA

41

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Misalignment

• Angular misalignment

• n0 = refrective index of material filling the gap

 NA

no1

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Reflection at end

• Reflection at fiber end occurs due to abrupt

change in refractive index

2

21

21

nn

nn R