Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Transcript of Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
1/32
KULI AH GERIATRI SEMESTER V
FK UNUD 2006
COMPREHENSIVE
GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT
Dr.RA.Tuty Kuswardhani Suastika, SpPD, KGer
* GERIATRIC INSTALATION SANGLAH HOSPITAL
* GERIATRIC DIVISION INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTEMENT
MEDICAL FACULTY UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
2/32
GERONTOLOGY : GERONTOS AND LOGOS
GERIATRY SCIENCE :A SCIENCE WHICH LEARNS THE
ELDERLY AND THE TREATMENT
GEROS = ELDERLY
IATRY = TO TREAT
THE TERM : IGNAS LEO VASCHER TAHUN 1909
PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT : DR. MARJORI WARREN
(THE PIONEER OF GERIATRY IN THE WORLD)
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
3/32
HEALTH AGING CONCEPT
(WHO)
THE AIM OF THE HUMAN IS
HEALTHY AGING
GERONTOLOGY IS CONCERN PRIMARILY WITH
PROBLEM OF HEALTHY AGING RATHER
THAN PREVENTION OF AGING
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
4/32
ELDERLY POPULATION
INDONESIA : 60 Y.O
W H O : 60 Y.O
DEVELOPED COUNTRY : 60 Y.O ELDERLY PATIENT :
60 Y.O + MULTIPLE DISEASE/
COMPLEXITY
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
5/32
Table 1THE PREDICTION OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION 2020
CHINA 198. 343
INDIA 107.713
INDONESIA 24.816
BRAZIL 21.945
UK 12.912
MEXICO 12.829
NIGERIA 9.115
CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS, 1992
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
6/32
Table 2THE CHARACTERISTIC DIF FERENT DISEASE IN THE ADULT ANDTHE ELDERLY
PARAMETER THE ADULT THE ELDERLY
The cause of disease From Outside (external)
clear, actual
Specific/single
Acute
From inside (internal)
hidden
Cumulative/multy
Chronic
Onset Very clear Not clear
Process acute
Self limited
Stimulate immune
Chronic
Progresive
Non immune
Individual variation Small Large
Complex disease
(STIEGLITZ, 2004)
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
7/32
MEDICAL MODEL GERIATRIK MODEL (BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL)
Schematic1SCHEMATIC DIFFERENT OF ADULT ELDERLY PATIENT (Hadi Martono, 2004)
Social-economic
environment
Sign/symptome
disease
Impairment of
Anatomic & function
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
8/32
14 IMPAIRMENTS (14 I)
Immobility
Instability
Incontinence
Impairments of cognitive
Impaction
Impairments of Vision,
Hearing, skin integrity, taste Infection
Isolation
Inanition
Impecunity
Iatrogenesis
Insomnia
Impotence
Immunodeficiency
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
9/32
Evaluating The Elderly Patient
The factors interact in complex waysinfluence the health & functional
status of the elderly
Comprehensive evaluation will require
an assessment of each of these
domains. Functional abilitiesa central focus
of the comprehensive evaluation of an
elderly individual. Diagnoses-
physical-laboratory findings are useful
in dealing with underlying etiologies& detecting treatable conditions, in the
elderly, measures of function are often
essential in determining overall health.
Figure 1 : Components of assessment of the elderly
(David B Reuben, )
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
10/32
Comprehensive evaluation of an the elderly
individuals health status is one of the most
challenging aspects of clinical geriatrics. Mostimportantly, it requires a perspective different from
that used in the evaluation of younger individuals.
Progress may be measured on a finer scale.
Special tools are needed to ascertain relatively small
improvements in chronic conditions and overall
function, compared with the more dramatic cures ofacute illnesses often possible in younger patients
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
11/32
Schematic 2.
INTERACTING DIMENSIONS OF GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT(David B Reuben, )
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
12/32
THE PRINCIPAL OF HEALTH
TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY
The elderly > the humanenti rely, including theenvironment,psychology,socialeconomic,cul tural, spir itual
Ger iatr ic assessmentcomprehensive > al l organs& its system,psychology,socialeconomic,cul tural, spir itual
HOLISTIC
vertical > the service in the society to thehighest referral : subspecial istic/geriatric department.
hor izontal > part of elderly phosper ityservice comprehensive, join wi th otherdepartment/ fondation conceted.
peventivepromotive
curative
rehabilitatic
HAZZARD
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
13/32
Most intensive Least intensive
Setting CGA,GEM, andrehabilitation units
CGA consultation,inpatient or outpatient
Community-based and inhome outreach programs
Targeting Most restrictive Least restrictive
Process Large team, extensive
evaluations
Screening and referral
cost Very expensive Relatively inexpensive
Spectrum of CGA-like interventions (CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment ; GEM, geriatric
evaluation and management) (David B Reuben)
Figure 2.
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
14/32
Table 3.
Multidimensional Case-Finding Instruments used, with
references and Average Performance Time (David B Reuben)
Problem Instrument (Rederence)
Average time
to perform
(MN) (n=37)
Cost per case
Receiving a new
diagnostic or treatment
Cognitive impairment
Depression
Gait instability
Malnutrition
Recent weight loss
Hearing impairment
Vision impairment
Urinary incontinence
Sexual problem
Mini mental state examination
Geriatric depression scale
Performance oriented assessment of mobility
Midarm circumference using gender specific criteria
Review of weights in chart
Whisper test
Hand-held Snellen chart
Specific question
Question regarding general function and specific
problems
9,2
5,1
2,5
1,0
0,275
0,55
2,1
0,275
0,825
$68
$17
$15
$15
$8
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
15/32
Table 4.
THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PROCESS OF CARE RENDERED BYCGA TEAMS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SIX STEPS (David B Reuben)
Date gathering
Discussion among the team
Development of a treatment plan
Monitoring response to the treatment plan
Revising the treatment plan
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
16/32
Table 5.
STRATEGY FOR EFFICIENT OFFICE BASED ASSESSMENT(David B Reuben)
Aspect being
assessed
Previsit
questionnaire
Office staff
administered
Clinician
routine
Clinician as
needed
Referral as needed
Past medical history D R
Medical geriatric
problems
Visual imp. B B R Ophthalmologist or optometrist
Hearing imp. B B (if needed) R Audiologist
Urinary incontinence B R D (office
urodynamics)
Geriatrician,urologist,or
gynecologist
Malnutrition D R Dietitian, or social worker
Sexual dysfunction B R Urologist,or geriatrician
Polypharmacy B R Pharmacist
Dental problems B R Dentist
Gait,balance,falls B B D Physical theraoist
Affective programs D R D Psychiatrist
Cognitive programs B R D Geriatrician,psychiatrist,or
neurologist
Functional impairment D R D physical or occupational
therapy,social worker
Environmental problems D R Home health
Preventive services D R
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
17/32
Disease diagnosis in the elderly
should include 4 levels
Disease
Impairment
Disability
Handicap
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
18/32
THE ELDERLY HEALTH REPORT
IDENTIFICATION PATIENT
Name
Age
Sex
Address
Telephone
Occupation
Care giver
No Record
Date of the first treatment
Location ward
Doctor
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
GERIATRIC INSTALATION
SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR
DIPONEGORO STREET
TELP/ FAX. (0361) 246663, (0361) 227911-14 EXT. 258
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
19/32
I. PATIENT CHARACTERISTIC
I.01
I.02
I.03
I.04
I.05
I.06
I.07I.08
I.09
I.10
I.11
No. Medical Record
No. Pasien
Nama Pasien
Nama Suami / Isteri
Alamat
Telepon
Jenis KelaminTanggal Lahir
Umur
Nama Orang Terdekat
Jumlah Anak
Jumlah Cucu
Jumlah Cicit
:
:
:
:
:
:
: 1. Pria2. Wanita
: ____ / ____ / ____ (tgl / bulan / tahun)
: ___________ tahun
:
: _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan
: _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan
: _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
20/32
II. MEDICAL HISTORY
II.01 Keluhan utama pasien
(mohon diisi salah satu saja)
Lama Keluhan
A. Pusing-pusing
B. Nyeri kepala
C. Kesadaran menurun
D. Selera makan berubah
E. Berat badan menurun cepat
(2,53 kg/bln)
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
II.02 Riwayat Penyakit sekarang :
II.03 Riwayat Penyakit Dahulu
A. Gangguan pembuluh darah otak/strokeB. Katarak
C. Nyeri Jantung (Angina)
D. Serangan jantung IMA (MCI)
E. Paru-paru (TBC/BPOK/Asma)
1. Ya 2. Tidak1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
1. Ya 2. Tidak
Tahun
______________________
___________
___________
___________
II.04 Riwayat Pembedahan
Tgl .bl..th...Jenis Pembedahan
II.05
II.06
Riwayat Inap rumah Sakit
Tgl ......bl...th...RS..Diagnosa...
Riwayat kesehatan lain :
Selama 1 bulan terakhir, apakah Bapak/Ibu melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berikut ini :
a. Gigi 1. Ya 2. Tidak
b. Mata 1. Ya 2. Tidak
c. 1. Ya 2. Tidak
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
21/32
II.10
II.07
II.08
A
B
ALERGIC HISTORY
Obat-obatan saat ini :
Dengan resep dokter Dosis dan Pemakaian
________________ Dosis_______pemakaian________
Tanpa resep dokter Dosis dan pemakaian
________________ Dosis_______pemakaian________
II.09 Social History
A. Rekreasi 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering
B. Kegiatan keagamaan 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering
C. Silaturahmi dgn keluarga 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering
D. .. 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering
Finansial analysis
A
B
Apakah pekerjaan utama Bapak/Ibu sebelum usia 55
tahun
Apakah saat ini Bapak Ibu bekerja?
1. Peg. Negeri/ABRI/BUMN
2. Peg. Swasta3. Tani
4. Lainnya, sebutkan..
1. Ya
2. Tidak
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
22/32
II.12 NUTRITION ASESSMENT
A. SUBYECTIVE NUTRITION
NAIK/ TETAP/ TURUN
1. Apakah 1-2 bulan terakhir ada perubahan berat badan
2. Apakah ada perubahan nafsu makan
______ ______ ______
YA TIDAK
3. Apakah ada : perubahan
pengecapan lidah
4. Apakah ada masalah : - mengunyah,
- menelan
5. Apakah ada masalah dengan gigi
6. Apakah ada gangguan pencernaan
a. Mencret
b. Sembelit
c. Mual
d. Muntah
7. Apakah hidup sendiri di rumah?
Bila tidak, siapa yang menyediakan makanan?
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
________
B. POLA MAKAN YA TIDAK
1. Kebiasaan makan pagi :
2. Kebiasaan makan siang :
3. Kebiasaan makan sore :
4. Kebiasaan selingan/ ngemil
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
23/32
Banyak Banyak
Makan pagi g Urt Selingan pagi g Urt
Banyak Banyak
Makan siang g Urt Selingan siang g Urt
Banyak Banyak
Makan malam g Urt Selingan malam g Urt
Recall 24 Hours
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
24/32
III.01 Menurut pendapat Bapak/Ibu, bagaimana keadaan kesehatan
Bapak/Ibu secara umum saat ini ?
Baik sekali, Baik, Cukup/lumayan, Buruk,
Buruk sekali
III.02 SKV
Nyeri/rasa berat di dada
Sesak nafas pada waktu kerja
1. Akut 2. Kronik1. Akut 2. Kronik
III.03 PULMO
Sesak nafas 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.04 GIT
Nafsu makan 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.05 GUT
Gangguan BAK 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.06 HEMATO
Mudah timbul lebam kulit 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.07 REMATO
Kekakuan sendi 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.08 ENDOKRIN
Benjolan di leher depan samping 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.09 NEUROLOGI
Pusing/ sakit kepala 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III.10 JIWA
Sering lupa 1. Ya 2. Tidak
III. SYSTEM ANAMNESTIC
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
25/32
YA TIDAK
IV.01 Apakah Anda pada dasarnya puas dengan kehidupan anda? 0 1
IV.02 Apakah Anda tidak dapat melakukan sebagian besar kegiatan Anda? 1 0
IV. DEPRESSION DESCRIPTION
V. BARTHELADLINDEKS (BAI)
Mengontrol BAB
Fungsi
Mengontrol BAK
Skor Keterangan
V.01
V.02
0
12
Inkontinen tak teratur
kadang-kadang inkontinenkontinen teratur
0
1
2
Inkontinen/pakai keteter & tak terkontrol
kadang-kadang inkontinen
mandiri
20
1219
9 11
Mandiri
Ketergantungan ringan
Ketergantungan sedang
BAI SCORE58
04
Ketergantungan berat
Ketergantungan total
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
26/32
VI. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
VI.01 Tanda vital
A Kesadaran Cm/delirium
B Tekanan darah(setelah 2 menit pada posisi tersebut)
Berbaring : mmHgDuduk : mmHg
Berdiri : mmHg
C Nadi/menit .
D Laju respirasi Kali/menit
E Suhu tubuh Derajat celcius
F C.ANTROPOMETRI1. Berat badan
2. Tinggi badan
3. Tinggi lutut
:
.kg: .cm
: .cm
Lingkaran (circumference)
1. Lingkar lengan atas
2. Lingkar pinggang (waist)
3. Lingkar panggul (hip)
4. Lingkar kaki (calf)
: .cm
: .cm
: .cm
: .cm
. .
Komposisi Tubuh
1. IMT (BMI) : kg / m2
2. BMA : kg / m2
3. WHR : kg / m2
4. Massa lemak tubuh (TBF) : mm
5. Massa bebas lemak tubuh (FFM) : mm
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
27/32
VI.02 Kulit
A Kekeringan 1. Kering 2. Biasa 3. Basah lembab
VI.03 Pendengaran
Dengar suara normal Dengar garpu tala 1024 Hz
1. Ya 2. Tidak1. Ya 2. Tidak
VI.04 Penglihatan
A. Membaca huruf koran dengan kaca mata 1. Ya 2. Tidak
B. Jarak penglihatan 1. Kanan .. 2. Kiri .
VI.05 Mulut
A.
Hygiene mulutB. Gigi palsu 1. Baik 2. Buruk1. Ada 2. Tidak
VI.06 Leher
Derajat gerak
Kelenjar tiroid
1. Normal 2. Abnormal, jelaskan
1. Normal 2. Abnormal, jelaskan
VI.07 Dada
A. Masa teraba
B. Bila ya, bagaimana ?
1. Tidak 2. Ya
1. Kanan 2. Kiri
VI.08 Paru-paru Kiri Kanan
Perkusi .. .
.
1. Sonor
2. Redup
3. Pekak
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
28/32
VI.09 Jantung dan pembuluh
Irama
Bising
Gallop
1. Reguler 2. Ireguler
1. Tidak 2. Ada
1. Tidak 2. Ada
VI.10 Perut
Hati membesar 1. Tidak 2. Ya, ukuran...
VI.11 Rektum/anus (atas indikasi)
Tonus sphincter ani
Pembesaran prostate
- Lemah - Baik,kekuatan
1. Tidak 2. Ya, ukuran
VI.12 Alat kelamin/ panggul kecil
VI.13 Otot dan kerangka Blk Bahu Siku Tangan
Deformitas
Gerak terbatas
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
Tidak/Ya
VI.14 Saraf
Saraf otak :
A. Penghidu
B. Ketajaman penglihatan
1. Normal 2. Abnormal, a. Kiri b. Kanan
1. Normal 2. Abnormal, a. Kiri b. Kanan
VI.15 Motorik Kekuatan Tonus Refleks Hasil
Anggota tubuh atas
Bahu
1. Hipo 2. Normal
3. Hiper
Biseps
Triseps
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
29/32
VI.18.2 Kuesioner Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
Nama Responden :Umur Responden :
Pendidikan :
Nama pewawancara : Tgl wawancara :
Jam mulai :
Skor Maks Skor Lansia
ORIENTASI
5
5
( )
( )
Sekarang (hari),(tanggal),(bulan),(tahun) berapa,(musim) apa?
Sekarang kita berada di mana ?
(jalan),(nomor rumah),(kota),(kabupaten),(propinsi)
MMSE
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
30/32
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT
1 Apakah tersedia kamar khusus untuk penderita?
Kamar tidur
Dipakai sendiri / bersama dengan
Ya / tidak
Ya / tidak
2 Daftar keamanan Ya Tidak
1.Apakah penderita dapat :
-membuka/ mengunci pintu
-mencapai sakelar lampu
3 Daftar bahaya / penyebab jatuh : Ya Tidak
1.Dari lingkungan rumah, pastikan bahwa hal berikut ini terpasang baik :
1.Lantai dan karpet dalam keadaan baik dan tidak menonjol di sana-sini, yang mungkin menyebabkan terpeleset/ jatuh
2.Pencahayaan cukup terang dan tidak silau
1.Kamar mandi : Ya Tidak
1.Terdapat ril pegangan di daerah toilet dan bak mandi dan mudah
dicapai bila diperlukan
1.Kamar tidur : Ya Tidak
1.Keset tidak merupakan hambatan yang memungkinkan terpelesetatau tergelincir, terutama yang di jalan lalu ke kamar mandi
1.Dapur Ya Tidak
1.Lantai terbuat dari bahan yang tidak licin
GERIATRIC INSTALATION
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
31/32
GERIATRIC INSTALATION
SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR
PERSONAL ASSESMENT RECAPITULATIONDate o f recapitulation assessment :
I. IDENTYTY
Nama : LK / PR
Umur : .Th.CM.
Alamat : .Pekerjaan : .
II. DIAGNOSIS (NO. ICD)
1. ..
2...
III. IMPAIRMENT (NO. ICIDH)
1...
2..
IV. DISABILITY (NO.ICDH)
1..
2..
V. HANDICAP (NO.ICDH)
1..
2..
VI. REKOMENDATION
1..
2 ..
Keterangan :
ICD : International Classification of Disease X 1994
ICIDH : International Classification of Impairment. Disability and Handicaps (WHO). 1980
Ketua Tim Geriatri Terpadu
()
-
5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
32/32
Thank you