Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

download Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

of 32

Transcript of Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    1/32

    KULI AH GERIATRI SEMESTER V

    FK UNUD 2006

    COMPREHENSIVE

    GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT

    Dr.RA.Tuty Kuswardhani Suastika, SpPD, KGer

    * GERIATRIC INSTALATION SANGLAH HOSPITAL

    * GERIATRIC DIVISION INTERNAL MEDICINE DEPARTEMENT

    MEDICAL FACULTY UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    2/32

    GERONTOLOGY : GERONTOS AND LOGOS

    GERIATRY SCIENCE :A SCIENCE WHICH LEARNS THE

    ELDERLY AND THE TREATMENT

    GEROS = ELDERLY

    IATRY = TO TREAT

    THE TERM : IGNAS LEO VASCHER TAHUN 1909

    PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT : DR. MARJORI WARREN

    (THE PIONEER OF GERIATRY IN THE WORLD)

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    3/32

    HEALTH AGING CONCEPT

    (WHO)

    THE AIM OF THE HUMAN IS

    HEALTHY AGING

    GERONTOLOGY IS CONCERN PRIMARILY WITH

    PROBLEM OF HEALTHY AGING RATHER

    THAN PREVENTION OF AGING

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    4/32

    ELDERLY POPULATION

    INDONESIA : 60 Y.O

    W H O : 60 Y.O

    DEVELOPED COUNTRY : 60 Y.O ELDERLY PATIENT :

    60 Y.O + MULTIPLE DISEASE/

    COMPLEXITY

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    5/32

    Table 1THE PREDICTION OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION 2020

    CHINA 198. 343

    INDIA 107.713

    INDONESIA 24.816

    BRAZIL 21.945

    UK 12.912

    MEXICO 12.829

    NIGERIA 9.115

    CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS, 1992

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    6/32

    Table 2THE CHARACTERISTIC DIF FERENT DISEASE IN THE ADULT ANDTHE ELDERLY

    PARAMETER THE ADULT THE ELDERLY

    The cause of disease From Outside (external)

    clear, actual

    Specific/single

    Acute

    From inside (internal)

    hidden

    Cumulative/multy

    Chronic

    Onset Very clear Not clear

    Process acute

    Self limited

    Stimulate immune

    Chronic

    Progresive

    Non immune

    Individual variation Small Large

    Complex disease

    (STIEGLITZ, 2004)

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    7/32

    MEDICAL MODEL GERIATRIK MODEL (BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL)

    Schematic1SCHEMATIC DIFFERENT OF ADULT ELDERLY PATIENT (Hadi Martono, 2004)

    Social-economic

    environment

    Sign/symptome

    disease

    Impairment of

    Anatomic & function

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    8/32

    14 IMPAIRMENTS (14 I)

    Immobility

    Instability

    Incontinence

    Impairments of cognitive

    Impaction

    Impairments of Vision,

    Hearing, skin integrity, taste Infection

    Isolation

    Inanition

    Impecunity

    Iatrogenesis

    Insomnia

    Impotence

    Immunodeficiency

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    9/32

    Evaluating The Elderly Patient

    The factors interact in complex waysinfluence the health & functional

    status of the elderly

    Comprehensive evaluation will require

    an assessment of each of these

    domains. Functional abilitiesa central focus

    of the comprehensive evaluation of an

    elderly individual. Diagnoses-

    physical-laboratory findings are useful

    in dealing with underlying etiologies& detecting treatable conditions, in the

    elderly, measures of function are often

    essential in determining overall health.

    Figure 1 : Components of assessment of the elderly

    (David B Reuben, )

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    10/32

    Comprehensive evaluation of an the elderly

    individuals health status is one of the most

    challenging aspects of clinical geriatrics. Mostimportantly, it requires a perspective different from

    that used in the evaluation of younger individuals.

    Progress may be measured on a finer scale.

    Special tools are needed to ascertain relatively small

    improvements in chronic conditions and overall

    function, compared with the more dramatic cures ofacute illnesses often possible in younger patients

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    11/32

    Schematic 2.

    INTERACTING DIMENSIONS OF GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT(David B Reuben, )

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    12/32

    THE PRINCIPAL OF HEALTH

    TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY

    The elderly > the humanenti rely, including theenvironment,psychology,socialeconomic,cul tural, spir itual

    Ger iatr ic assessmentcomprehensive > al l organs& its system,psychology,socialeconomic,cul tural, spir itual

    HOLISTIC

    vertical > the service in the society to thehighest referral : subspecial istic/geriatric department.

    hor izontal > part of elderly phosper ityservice comprehensive, join wi th otherdepartment/ fondation conceted.

    peventivepromotive

    curative

    rehabilitatic

    HAZZARD

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    13/32

    Most intensive Least intensive

    Setting CGA,GEM, andrehabilitation units

    CGA consultation,inpatient or outpatient

    Community-based and inhome outreach programs

    Targeting Most restrictive Least restrictive

    Process Large team, extensive

    evaluations

    Screening and referral

    cost Very expensive Relatively inexpensive

    Spectrum of CGA-like interventions (CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment ; GEM, geriatric

    evaluation and management) (David B Reuben)

    Figure 2.

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    14/32

    Table 3.

    Multidimensional Case-Finding Instruments used, with

    references and Average Performance Time (David B Reuben)

    Problem Instrument (Rederence)

    Average time

    to perform

    (MN) (n=37)

    Cost per case

    Receiving a new

    diagnostic or treatment

    Cognitive impairment

    Depression

    Gait instability

    Malnutrition

    Recent weight loss

    Hearing impairment

    Vision impairment

    Urinary incontinence

    Sexual problem

    Mini mental state examination

    Geriatric depression scale

    Performance oriented assessment of mobility

    Midarm circumference using gender specific criteria

    Review of weights in chart

    Whisper test

    Hand-held Snellen chart

    Specific question

    Question regarding general function and specific

    problems

    9,2

    5,1

    2,5

    1,0

    0,275

    0,55

    2,1

    0,275

    0,825

    $68

    $17

    $15

    $15

    $8

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    15/32

    Table 4.

    THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PROCESS OF CARE RENDERED BYCGA TEAMS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SIX STEPS (David B Reuben)

    Date gathering

    Discussion among the team

    Development of a treatment plan

    Monitoring response to the treatment plan

    Revising the treatment plan

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    16/32

    Table 5.

    STRATEGY FOR EFFICIENT OFFICE BASED ASSESSMENT(David B Reuben)

    Aspect being

    assessed

    Previsit

    questionnaire

    Office staff

    administered

    Clinician

    routine

    Clinician as

    needed

    Referral as needed

    Past medical history D R

    Medical geriatric

    problems

    Visual imp. B B R Ophthalmologist or optometrist

    Hearing imp. B B (if needed) R Audiologist

    Urinary incontinence B R D (office

    urodynamics)

    Geriatrician,urologist,or

    gynecologist

    Malnutrition D R Dietitian, or social worker

    Sexual dysfunction B R Urologist,or geriatrician

    Polypharmacy B R Pharmacist

    Dental problems B R Dentist

    Gait,balance,falls B B D Physical theraoist

    Affective programs D R D Psychiatrist

    Cognitive programs B R D Geriatrician,psychiatrist,or

    neurologist

    Functional impairment D R D physical or occupational

    therapy,social worker

    Environmental problems D R Home health

    Preventive services D R

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    17/32

    Disease diagnosis in the elderly

    should include 4 levels

    Disease

    Impairment

    Disability

    Handicap

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    18/32

    THE ELDERLY HEALTH REPORT

    IDENTIFICATION PATIENT

    Name

    Age

    Sex

    Address

    Telephone

    Occupation

    Care giver

    No Record

    Date of the first treatment

    Location ward

    Doctor

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    GERIATRIC INSTALATION

    SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR

    DIPONEGORO STREET

    TELP/ FAX. (0361) 246663, (0361) 227911-14 EXT. 258

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    19/32

    I. PATIENT CHARACTERISTIC

    I.01

    I.02

    I.03

    I.04

    I.05

    I.06

    I.07I.08

    I.09

    I.10

    I.11

    No. Medical Record

    No. Pasien

    Nama Pasien

    Nama Suami / Isteri

    Alamat

    Telepon

    Jenis KelaminTanggal Lahir

    Umur

    Nama Orang Terdekat

    Jumlah Anak

    Jumlah Cucu

    Jumlah Cicit

    :

    :

    :

    :

    :

    :

    : 1. Pria2. Wanita

    : ____ / ____ / ____ (tgl / bulan / tahun)

    : ___________ tahun

    :

    : _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan

    : _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan

    : _________ laki-laki ________ perempuan

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    20/32

    II. MEDICAL HISTORY

    II.01 Keluhan utama pasien

    (mohon diisi salah satu saja)

    Lama Keluhan

    A. Pusing-pusing

    B. Nyeri kepala

    C. Kesadaran menurun

    D. Selera makan berubah

    E. Berat badan menurun cepat

    (2,53 kg/bln)

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    ___________

    ___________

    ___________

    ___________

    ___________

    II.02 Riwayat Penyakit sekarang :

    II.03 Riwayat Penyakit Dahulu

    A. Gangguan pembuluh darah otak/strokeB. Katarak

    C. Nyeri Jantung (Angina)

    D. Serangan jantung IMA (MCI)

    E. Paru-paru (TBC/BPOK/Asma)

    1. Ya 2. Tidak1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    1. Ya 2. Tidak

    Tahun

    ______________________

    ___________

    ___________

    ___________

    II.04 Riwayat Pembedahan

    Tgl .bl..th...Jenis Pembedahan

    II.05

    II.06

    Riwayat Inap rumah Sakit

    Tgl ......bl...th...RS..Diagnosa...

    Riwayat kesehatan lain :

    Selama 1 bulan terakhir, apakah Bapak/Ibu melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berikut ini :

    a. Gigi 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    b. Mata 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    c. 1. Ya 2. Tidak

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    21/32

    II.10

    II.07

    II.08

    A

    B

    ALERGIC HISTORY

    Obat-obatan saat ini :

    Dengan resep dokter Dosis dan Pemakaian

    ________________ Dosis_______pemakaian________

    Tanpa resep dokter Dosis dan pemakaian

    ________________ Dosis_______pemakaian________

    II.09 Social History

    A. Rekreasi 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering

    B. Kegiatan keagamaan 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering

    C. Silaturahmi dgn keluarga 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering

    D. .. 1. Tidak pernah 2. Jarang 3. Sering

    Finansial analysis

    A

    B

    Apakah pekerjaan utama Bapak/Ibu sebelum usia 55

    tahun

    Apakah saat ini Bapak Ibu bekerja?

    1. Peg. Negeri/ABRI/BUMN

    2. Peg. Swasta3. Tani

    4. Lainnya, sebutkan..

    1. Ya

    2. Tidak

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    22/32

    II.12 NUTRITION ASESSMENT

    A. SUBYECTIVE NUTRITION

    NAIK/ TETAP/ TURUN

    1. Apakah 1-2 bulan terakhir ada perubahan berat badan

    2. Apakah ada perubahan nafsu makan

    ______ ______ ______

    YA TIDAK

    3. Apakah ada : perubahan

    pengecapan lidah

    4. Apakah ada masalah : - mengunyah,

    - menelan

    5. Apakah ada masalah dengan gigi

    6. Apakah ada gangguan pencernaan

    a. Mencret

    b. Sembelit

    c. Mual

    d. Muntah

    7. Apakah hidup sendiri di rumah?

    Bila tidak, siapa yang menyediakan makanan?

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    ________

    B. POLA MAKAN YA TIDAK

    1. Kebiasaan makan pagi :

    2. Kebiasaan makan siang :

    3. Kebiasaan makan sore :

    4. Kebiasaan selingan/ ngemil

    _______

    _______

    _______

    _______

    _______

    _______

    _______

    _______

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    23/32

    Banyak Banyak

    Makan pagi g Urt Selingan pagi g Urt

    Banyak Banyak

    Makan siang g Urt Selingan siang g Urt

    Banyak Banyak

    Makan malam g Urt Selingan malam g Urt

    Recall 24 Hours

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    24/32

    III.01 Menurut pendapat Bapak/Ibu, bagaimana keadaan kesehatan

    Bapak/Ibu secara umum saat ini ?

    Baik sekali, Baik, Cukup/lumayan, Buruk,

    Buruk sekali

    III.02 SKV

    Nyeri/rasa berat di dada

    Sesak nafas pada waktu kerja

    1. Akut 2. Kronik1. Akut 2. Kronik

    III.03 PULMO

    Sesak nafas 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.04 GIT

    Nafsu makan 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.05 GUT

    Gangguan BAK 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.06 HEMATO

    Mudah timbul lebam kulit 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.07 REMATO

    Kekakuan sendi 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.08 ENDOKRIN

    Benjolan di leher depan samping 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.09 NEUROLOGI

    Pusing/ sakit kepala 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III.10 JIWA

    Sering lupa 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    III. SYSTEM ANAMNESTIC

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    25/32

    YA TIDAK

    IV.01 Apakah Anda pada dasarnya puas dengan kehidupan anda? 0 1

    IV.02 Apakah Anda tidak dapat melakukan sebagian besar kegiatan Anda? 1 0

    IV. DEPRESSION DESCRIPTION

    V. BARTHELADLINDEKS (BAI)

    Mengontrol BAB

    Fungsi

    Mengontrol BAK

    Skor Keterangan

    V.01

    V.02

    0

    12

    Inkontinen tak teratur

    kadang-kadang inkontinenkontinen teratur

    0

    1

    2

    Inkontinen/pakai keteter & tak terkontrol

    kadang-kadang inkontinen

    mandiri

    20

    1219

    9 11

    Mandiri

    Ketergantungan ringan

    Ketergantungan sedang

    BAI SCORE58

    04

    Ketergantungan berat

    Ketergantungan total

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    26/32

    VI. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

    VI.01 Tanda vital

    A Kesadaran Cm/delirium

    B Tekanan darah(setelah 2 menit pada posisi tersebut)

    Berbaring : mmHgDuduk : mmHg

    Berdiri : mmHg

    C Nadi/menit .

    D Laju respirasi Kali/menit

    E Suhu tubuh Derajat celcius

    F C.ANTROPOMETRI1. Berat badan

    2. Tinggi badan

    3. Tinggi lutut

    :

    .kg: .cm

    : .cm

    Lingkaran (circumference)

    1. Lingkar lengan atas

    2. Lingkar pinggang (waist)

    3. Lingkar panggul (hip)

    4. Lingkar kaki (calf)

    : .cm

    : .cm

    : .cm

    : .cm

    . .

    Komposisi Tubuh

    1. IMT (BMI) : kg / m2

    2. BMA : kg / m2

    3. WHR : kg / m2

    4. Massa lemak tubuh (TBF) : mm

    5. Massa bebas lemak tubuh (FFM) : mm

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    27/32

    VI.02 Kulit

    A Kekeringan 1. Kering 2. Biasa 3. Basah lembab

    VI.03 Pendengaran

    Dengar suara normal Dengar garpu tala 1024 Hz

    1. Ya 2. Tidak1. Ya 2. Tidak

    VI.04 Penglihatan

    A. Membaca huruf koran dengan kaca mata 1. Ya 2. Tidak

    B. Jarak penglihatan 1. Kanan .. 2. Kiri .

    VI.05 Mulut

    A.

    Hygiene mulutB. Gigi palsu 1. Baik 2. Buruk1. Ada 2. Tidak

    VI.06 Leher

    Derajat gerak

    Kelenjar tiroid

    1. Normal 2. Abnormal, jelaskan

    1. Normal 2. Abnormal, jelaskan

    VI.07 Dada

    A. Masa teraba

    B. Bila ya, bagaimana ?

    1. Tidak 2. Ya

    1. Kanan 2. Kiri

    VI.08 Paru-paru Kiri Kanan

    Perkusi .. .

    .

    1. Sonor

    2. Redup

    3. Pekak

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    28/32

    VI.09 Jantung dan pembuluh

    Irama

    Bising

    Gallop

    1. Reguler 2. Ireguler

    1. Tidak 2. Ada

    1. Tidak 2. Ada

    VI.10 Perut

    Hati membesar 1. Tidak 2. Ya, ukuran...

    VI.11 Rektum/anus (atas indikasi)

    Tonus sphincter ani

    Pembesaran prostate

    - Lemah - Baik,kekuatan

    1. Tidak 2. Ya, ukuran

    VI.12 Alat kelamin/ panggul kecil

    VI.13 Otot dan kerangka Blk Bahu Siku Tangan

    Deformitas

    Gerak terbatas

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    Tidak/Ya

    VI.14 Saraf

    Saraf otak :

    A. Penghidu

    B. Ketajaman penglihatan

    1. Normal 2. Abnormal, a. Kiri b. Kanan

    1. Normal 2. Abnormal, a. Kiri b. Kanan

    VI.15 Motorik Kekuatan Tonus Refleks Hasil

    Anggota tubuh atas

    Bahu

    1. Hipo 2. Normal

    3. Hiper

    Biseps

    Triseps

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    29/32

    VI.18.2 Kuesioner Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)

    Nama Responden :Umur Responden :

    Pendidikan :

    Nama pewawancara : Tgl wawancara :

    Jam mulai :

    Skor Maks Skor Lansia

    ORIENTASI

    5

    5

    ( )

    ( )

    Sekarang (hari),(tanggal),(bulan),(tahun) berapa,(musim) apa?

    Sekarang kita berada di mana ?

    (jalan),(nomor rumah),(kota),(kabupaten),(propinsi)

    MMSE

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    30/32

    VII. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT

    1 Apakah tersedia kamar khusus untuk penderita?

    Kamar tidur

    Dipakai sendiri / bersama dengan

    Ya / tidak

    Ya / tidak

    2 Daftar keamanan Ya Tidak

    1.Apakah penderita dapat :

    -membuka/ mengunci pintu

    -mencapai sakelar lampu

    3 Daftar bahaya / penyebab jatuh : Ya Tidak

    1.Dari lingkungan rumah, pastikan bahwa hal berikut ini terpasang baik :

    1.Lantai dan karpet dalam keadaan baik dan tidak menonjol di sana-sini, yang mungkin menyebabkan terpeleset/ jatuh

    2.Pencahayaan cukup terang dan tidak silau

    1.Kamar mandi : Ya Tidak

    1.Terdapat ril pegangan di daerah toilet dan bak mandi dan mudah

    dicapai bila diperlukan

    1.Kamar tidur : Ya Tidak

    1.Keset tidak merupakan hambatan yang memungkinkan terpelesetatau tergelincir, terutama yang di jalan lalu ke kamar mandi

    1.Dapur Ya Tidak

    1.Lantai terbuat dari bahan yang tidak licin

    GERIATRIC INSTALATION

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    31/32

    GERIATRIC INSTALATION

    SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR

    PERSONAL ASSESMENT RECAPITULATIONDate o f recapitulation assessment :

    I. IDENTYTY

    Nama : LK / PR

    Umur : .Th.CM.

    Alamat : .Pekerjaan : .

    II. DIAGNOSIS (NO. ICD)

    1. ..

    2...

    III. IMPAIRMENT (NO. ICIDH)

    1...

    2..

    IV. DISABILITY (NO.ICDH)

    1..

    2..

    V. HANDICAP (NO.ICDH)

    1..

    2..

    VI. REKOMENDATION

    1..

    2 ..

    Keterangan :

    ICD : International Classification of Disease X 1994

    ICIDH : International Classification of Impairment. Disability and Handicaps (WHO). 1980

    Ketua Tim Geriatri Terpadu

    ()

  • 5/28/2018 Lecture 25 Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

    32/32

    Thank you