Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science

5/20/2018 Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science

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INTRODUCTION TOPHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCEPHILOSOPHY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

I MADE BAKTA

2013


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PHI LOSOPHY

TERMINOLOGY

PHILOSOPHIA

FALSAFAH

PHILOSOPHY

Etimology:

Philein Sophos

Philos sophia

The lover of wisdom

The friend of wisdom


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PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY as:

Thinking Process

Way of life

Product of thinkingPhilosophy

Philosophical knowledge


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HOMO SAPIENS

Thinking creatures

Curiosity

Admiration

Problems

Philosophy as a thinking process, due

to:

Availability of tools of thinking:Logics

Language


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WHAT KIND OF THINKING?

Radical

Universal

Conceptual

Coherence and consistent Systematic

Comprehensive

Critical Free Thinking

Responbility


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PHILOSOPHY

A way of critical, deep, holistic,systematic thinking to understand the

REALITY as totalityA knowledge to comprehend of BEING

and REALITY with logic, not mythos

Through contemplation and reflexion

The goals are understanding the natureand wisdom


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Branches (domains) ofPhilosophical study

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Axiology


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METAPHYSICS

Meta ta physica come after physics

What is behind physics

The study of the ultimate nature ofreality and being


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EPISTEMOLOGY

Episteem = knowledgeLogos = knowledge

Epsitemology: the knowledge of knowledge

The mother of knowledge

The theory of knowledge

Source, structure, methods and validity of knowledge

The fields of study:

- how to attain a knowledge

- the source of knowledge

- how to assess the a validity of

knowledge


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AXIOLOGY

Axios : how to use

Logos : knowledge

Fields of study;

- Moral

- Ethics- Aesthetics


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What is the goals of thePhilosophical Study

A comprehension (understanding) ofReality, and Being totally

To understand the Nature

To attain wisdom


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KNOWLEDGE

All we know are knowledge

A consciously (cognitive) relationbetween subject and object on a matter

KNOWLEDGE

Daily common knowledge

Philosophical knowledge (Philosophy) Scientific knowledge (Science)

Theological knowledge (Religion)

l b h l h


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Relation between Philosophyand Science

In ancient Greek: philosophy andscience are studied by the sameexperts.

In development: philosophy becomemore general and in totality, butscience become more specific and

validated Science become more complicated, has

many problems, asked philosopher to

solve this problem

PHILOSOPHY OF


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PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE

SCIENCE started from PHILOSOPHY,and ended at PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE is the bridgebetween PHILOSOPHY and SCIENCE (Philip Frank)


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PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Branch of Philosopy that studiedScience totally.

Studied all aspects of Science

- Metaphysics/Ontology

- Epistemology

- Axiology Philosophy of Science support Science

to solve the problems of Science


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ONTOLOGY

What kind of knowledge that canacknowledge as science

What is the limit and boundaries of

science What is pseudoscience


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EPISTEMOLOGY

To study

The source, structure, methods andvalidity of science

The fields of study:- how to attain a science (Scientific

Method)

- the source of science- how to assess the validity of

science (Scientific Truth)


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EPISTEMOLOGY

The Scientific Method

- Deducto-Inducto Verificative

- Hypothetico-Inducto Verificative

The Scientific Truth

- Corespondence Theory- Coherence Theory

- Pragmatic Theory


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AXIOLOGY

To study the implementation of Science

Moral obligation of Scientist

- science is related to values

- science is not related to values

science is just for scienceScientific Ethics

Aesthetic aspects of Science


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PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science in General Philosophy of Science in Specific

Sciences

- Philosophy of Law- Philosophy of Humanities

- Phiolosophy of Education

- Philosophy of Medical Sciences

- Etc


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PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICALSCIENCES

Ontological aspects

Epistemological aspects

Axiological aspects


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ONTOLOGY

Problems in development of MedicalSciences : discipline, subdiscipline, sub-

discipline Pseudo medical sciences

Uncertainty in Medical Sciences

Evidence based Medicine


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EPISTEMOLOGY

Trials in Medicine

Evidence-based Medicine


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AXIOLOGY

Morals in Medicine cloning & stemcell experiments

Medical Ethics

- Ethics in medical experiments

- Ethics in services for patients


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MEDICAL ETHICS

Basic concept of Merdical Ethics

Primum no nocere first do no harm

(AHIMSA) Primum tacere firm in truth (SATYAM)say YES for truth, say No for untruth


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Scientific Attitude

Creative and Inovative

Receptive and critical (scientific skepticism)

Independent and Courage in Truth

Holistic Thinking

Commitment to cultural values andsensitive to problems of society

Scientific HonestyAcademic modesty


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SUMMARY

Philosopy of Science and Philosophy ofMedical Science is very important for

medical students Medical students should have the BEST:

- Hard skill

- Soft Skill

- Character (moral and ethics)


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PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS

General

Comprehensive

Deep and intense

SpeculativeCritical

Associated with values

Implicative

Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science

Documents

Transcript of Lecture 2 Philosophy of Science