Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein
description
Transcript of Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein
![Page 1: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research
Ilan Dinstein
![Page 2: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the cause of autism?
![Page 3: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body
![Page 4: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Neural activity
![Page 5: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Modularity
![Page 6: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Developmental disorder
Brain development movie
![Page 7: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nature versus nurture
Genes or Environment?
![Page 8: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Genetics
Control > ASD
![Page 9: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DNA sequencing
Control > ASD
![Page 10: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Identify meaningful mutation
Control > ASDSubstitution
Deletion
Insertion
![Page 11: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Determine the function of the gene
What is the function of the protein that the gene encodes?
Is it involved in neural transmission?
Neural development?
Synaptic development?
Bourgeron 2009
![Page 12: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Create a genetically modified animal model
Control > ASD
Compare animals with extremely similar genetics except for a specific modification.
![Page 13: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Perform behavioral experiments
Control > ASD
Testing social behavior in mice
![Page 14: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
In vitro electrophysiology
Control > ASD
![Page 15: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
In vivo electrophysiology
Control > ASD
![Page 16: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Electrical properties of cells & networks
Control > ASD
![Page 17: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Electrode location
Control > ASD
![Page 18: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cellular morphology and connectivity
Control > ASD
![Page 19: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What about humans?
Human genetics – SFARI, Autism Speaks
Neuroimaging – MRI, fMRI, DTI
Electrophysiology – EEG
Post mortem
![Page 20: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human genetics
![Page 21: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
![Page 22: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anatomy - Separating tissues
1T 2T
![Page 24: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Anatomy – Cortical thickness
![Page 25: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Anatomy – Cortical folding
![Page 26: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Anatomy – white matter
TractographyFiber volumeFiber length
![Page 27: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Electroencephalogram - EEG
Control > ASD
![Page 28: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EEG and epilepsy
Spence, Pediatrics Res 2009
Control > ASD
Epileptiform activity
Epileptic seizure
![Page 29: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Post mortem studies
Brain slices:
Control > ASD
![Page 30: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Post mortem studies
Cellular morphology
Control > ASD
![Page 31: Lecture 2 – Introduction to autism research Ilan Dinstein](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815ed3550346895dcd6845/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Post mortem studies
Neural numbers and organization
Control > ASD