Lecture 1Slide IT

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LECTURE 1:

IT IN THE ORGANIZATION: Introduction to

IT in Business Organization

Professor Dr Nor Laila Md Noor


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LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lecture student will be able to:1. Define information systems and information technology.

2. Describe major technology trend.

3. Describe the role of IT and IS in business.

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance oflearning about IT in the digital economy

2 Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)


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CONCEPTS OF ITINFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND

IT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

-

Data, Information and KnowledgeIT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and Architecture

Application Tradition of IT

The relationship among data,

information, & knowledge.

Data is random collection until organized sothat they have meaning & value to recipient.

Information is raw data that (1) has been

verified to be accurate and timely, (2) is

specific and organized for a purpose, (3) is

presented within a context that gives it

meaning and relevance, and which (4) leads

to increase in understanding and decrease in

uncertainty. The value of information lies

solely in its ability to affect a behavior,

decision, or outcome. A piece of information

is considered valueless if, after receiving it,

things remain unchanged.

Knowledge consists of data and/or

information that have been organized and

processed to covey understanding,

experience, accumulated learning &

expertise as they apply to a current problem

or activity.Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)


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TECHNOLOGY TREND


Data, Information and Knowledge

IT Concepts and ComponentsIT Infrastructure and Architecture


Information Systems

People ProcessInformation

Technology

Management

Technology:the process by which humansmodify nature to meet their needs and wants

Tangible products physical artifacts: e.g.,

computer, software, aircraft, etc

Intangibles products knowledge and

process necessary to create and operates

the tangible products, e.g., engineering know-how and design, manufacturing expertise,

technical skills

Information Systems (IS):Combination of technology (what), people

(who) and process (how) that organization

uses to produce and manage information

Information Technology (IT):

All forms of technology used to create,

store, exchange and use information

Nor Laila Md Noor (2012)


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TECHNOLOGY TREND





Physical embodiment of IT has three constituents Processing:modifies digital information under the direction of the

software

Storage:conveys digital information from one time to another

Communication:conveys digital information from one place toanother

Consists of Hardware Servers, PCs, Printers, Scanners

purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, updating, replacing, training

Software- Access, Netscape, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, OperatingSystems (Windows (NT, 9x), Linux, MacOS) purchasing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, upgrading, solving

configuration problems, training Networks- Cables, PC Network Cards, Hubs, Routers, Ports,

Network OS purchasing, hardware, software, setup, maintenance, troubleshooting

Databases - Access DB, Oracle DB design, programming, maintaining (changing, updating), admittance,

troubleshooting, conversion, trainingNor Laila Md Noor (2012)


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TECHNOLOGY TREND





Web Applications- static pages, forms, links, interactive

(Sabio), e-journals hardware, software, networks, databases

design, programming, maintaining, updating, permissions,troubleshooting, training

Security networks, OS, software, hardware

backups, firewalls, encryption, authentication and validation, lockingdevices

User Support- help desk, telephone support, user training,automated help, troubleshooting, tech. availability

Management equipment, software and people, planning,research and development vendor relationship, scheduling, technology refresh, personnel,

communication with rest of Library, University and IT community,budgeting, marketing, tech. staff training



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IT Infrastructure Refers to everything that supports the flow and processing ofinformation in an organization including hardware, software, dataand network components

Basically is the physical hardware used to interconnectcomputers and users.

Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephonelines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also therouters, aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that controltransmission paths.

Infrastructure also includes the software used to send, receive, andmanage the signals that are transmitted.

In some usages, infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware andsoftware and not to computers and other devices that areinterconnected.

However to some information technology users, infrastructureis viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing

of information.


TECHNOLOGY TREND



IT Concepts and Components

IT Infrastructure and ArchitectureApplication Tradition of IT



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The IT Architecture is a blueprint that is developed,implemented, maintained and used to explain and guidehow an organizations IT and information managementwork together to efficiently accomplish the mission of theorganization

IT Architecture addresses the following views: Business activities and processes

Data sets and information flows

Applications and software

Technology

When doing the IT Architecture needs to focus on

The business activities (work) performed including business performancemeasure

Data sets and information flows needed to perform the activities

The application and software needed to capture and manipulate theinformation sets

The technology (computer, network, communications) needed to run theapplications


TECHNOLOGY TREND




IT Infrastructure and ArchitectureApplication Tradition of IT



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TECHNOLOGY TREND




IT Infrastructure and Architecture


Technology

Processing Storage Communication

Time

Socio-technical

Collaboration

Publication

Database

Document

Algorithmic



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CONCEPTS OF IT

INFORMATION SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY TREND


Basic Component of ISSchematic View of IS

IS in Organizational Process

IS Value

The basic components of information systems.



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CONCEPTS OF IT



Basic Component of IS

Schematic View of ISIS in Organizational Process

IS Value

A Schematic View of an Information System



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CONCEPTS OF IT



Basic Component of IS

Schematic View of IS

IS in Organizational ProcessIS Value


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TRENDIT /IS IN ORGANIZATION

Co-Evolution of Key IT ComponentsIT Trending Model

Computing Vs. Connectivity Era


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS C E l ti f K IT C t


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS


Co-Evolution of Key IT Components

IT Trending ModelComputing Vs. Connectivity Era

Agricultural Era:

FOOD

People Era:

RELATIONSHIPS

Learning Relationship

Industrial Era:

GOODS

1880 1900 196

0

194

01920 198

0

200

0

Productivity Efficiency

Industrial

Model

Information

Era: DATA

Access to Information

Information

Model

People-

centric Model


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS C E l ti f K IT C t


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS


Co-Evolution of Key IT Components

IT Trending Model

Computing Vs. Connectivity Era


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS R l f IT/IS i B i


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No longer just serves a business

Integral in business strategy Impacts every area of business

Complexity increases

How does IT function vs. the entire organization

Responsible for the integration of information


INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND


Role of IT/IS in BusinessHow IS Support Organization

Value of IS

Value of IT


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS R l f IT/IS i B i


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND


Role of IT/IS in BusinessHow IS Support Organization

Value of IS

Value of IT


CONCEPTS OF IT AND IS Role of IT/IS in Business


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND


Role of IT/IS in Business

How IS Support OrganizationValue of IS

Value of IT


CONCEPTS OF IT Role of IT/IS in Business


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CONCEPTS OF IT

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND



How IS Support Organization

Value of ISValue of IT


IS value is determined by the relationships among ISs,

people, & business processes

all of which are

influenced byorganizational culture

Information Systems Function Within a

Cul ture



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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND




Value of IS

Value of IT

The IT Value Continuum

Innovative activities

Foundational activities

Reduce

operating

cost

Increase

organizational

effectiveness

Change industry

structure

Create new

markets

Expand existing

markets

Realizing the Value of IT

Efficiency EffectivenessMarket

Expansion

Advantage

Creation




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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

TECHNOLOGY TREND




Value of IS

Value of IT

Value of Information Technology

Point Solutions Organizational

ArchitecturesBusiness Models

Technology

literacy: fundamentals

trends

emerging

future


Lecture 1Slide IT

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