Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The...
Transcript of Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The...
![Page 1: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Topics:
Eurasian empires from 600-1100 CE
Intellectual life, government, and the economy
Questions:
What were the characteristics of Islamic empire in SW Asia?
What was the nature of intellectual life?
How does it, and the function of intellectuals, compare with China at this time?
What explains the cultural flourishing under the ‘Abbasids?
Lecture 18:The ‘Abbasid Empire
![Page 2: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE)
Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE)
• Capital at Damascus (Syria)
• Conquered a vast empire by 711
• Governing elite = Arabs (military aristocracy)
• Separate garrison towns
• Non-Muslim monotheists allowed to practice religion
• dhimmi = protected status
• Polytheists not tolerated
• Cities and economy thrive
![Page 3: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dar al-Islam
![Page 4: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Conversion to Islam
Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo (879 CE)
Mosque, Qairouan (Tunisia) (670 CE)
Great Mosque, Cordoba (late 8th c. CE)
Mosque
Qur’an(Arabic only)
Shari’a
![Page 5: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Non-Arab Muslims resented disenfranchisement
• Persian revolt led by Abu al-Abbas • Seized power from - and massacred -
Umayyads
• Except Spain
• Ethnically inclusive government
• No significant military expansion• Border skirmishes with Byzantines
• Battle of Talas River (751 CE) defeated expansive Tang Chinese
• Persian administrative techniques
• Tendency toward absolutism
• New capital at Baghdad (762 CE)
The ‘Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE)
![Page 6: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BaghdadCrossroads for wide-ranging trading network - land and sea
Artistic, cultural, religious center of the Muslim world
Dhow
Silver dirhamAgricultural production increasesManufacturing
Ease of transport and trade
![Page 7: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Harun al-Rashid (786-809 CE)
Great patron of culture
One Thousand and One Nights
What is he like as a ruler?
![Page 8: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Muslim Intellectuals
Ulama = religious scholars
Qadi = judge
Interpretation of Qur’an & Shari’a
Public observance of moral standards and social values
mandated by Qur’an and Shari’a
Not priests - Educated religious experts
Resolves disputes according to Islamic law
![Page 9: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Astrolabe
Arabic Science
Diagram of an eclipseMedical treatise
Optical Diagram
• Astronomy
• Geometry
• Mathematics
• Optics
• Medicine
• Alchemy
![Page 10: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Greek philosophers
Hellenistic inheritance
Map from Geography of al-Indrisi
Cultural crossroadsArabic numerals = Hindi
Practical knowledge & experimentation
![Page 11: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dar al-Islam
Empire of language, culture, inte"ectual life + commerce(even after began to %agment politica"y)
![Page 12: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Writing as Art: Calligraphy
How do the Chinese and Islamic traditions of
calligraphy differ?
Why do they differ?
Calligraphy by Mi Fu (1052-1107)
![Page 13: Lecture 18: The Abbasid Empire - University of Oregonpages.uoregon.edu/lwolvert/Abb.pdf · The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) Great Mosque, Damascus (706-15 CE) • Capital at Damascus](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5b548e107f8b9aa40e8d2d1e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What does this tell us about the different status
and function of intellectuals in Chinese
and Islamic society?