Lecture 14.1 & 14.2- Gas Laws & KMT
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Properties of Gases In organized soccer, a ball that is properly inflated will rebound faster and travel farther than a ball that is under- inflated. If the pressure is too high, the ball may burst when it is kicked. You will study variables that affect the pressure of a gas. What factors affect the pressure of the air inside the ball? What causes the pressure in the ball?
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Section 14.1 & 14.2 lecture for Honors & Prep Chemistry
Transcript of Lecture 14.1 & 14.2- Gas Laws & KMT
- 1. Properties of Gases
- In organized soccer, a ball that is properly inflated will rebound faster and travel farther than a ball that is under-inflated. If the pressure is too high, the ball may burst when it is kicked. You will study variables that affect the pressure of a gas.
What factors affect the pressure of the air inside the ball? What causes the pressure in the ball? 2.
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- Compressibilityis a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.
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- When a person collides with an inflated airbag, the compression of the gas absorbs the energy of the impact.
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3.
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- Gases are easily compressed because there is a lot of space between the particles in a gas.
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- The distance between particles in a gas is much greater than the distance between particles in a liquid or solid.
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- Under pressure, the particles in a gas are forced closer together.
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4.
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- At room temperature, the distance between particles in an enclosed gas is about 10 times the diameter of a particle.
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5.
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- The amount of gas, volume, and temperature are factors that affect gas pressure.
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- The relationships between these factors are described by GAS LAWS.
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- The four variables used to describe a gas and their common units are
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- pressure ( P ) in kilopascals or atm
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- volume ( V ) in liters
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- temperature ( T ) in kelvins
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- the number of moles ( n ).
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- Avogadros Law- n P
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- You can use kinetic theory to predict and explain how gases will respond to a change of conditions.
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- If you inflate an air raft,
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- for example, the pressure
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- inside the raft will increase.
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8.
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- Collisions of particles create pressure.
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- Increasing the number of gas particles increases the number of collisions, which is why the gas pressure increases.
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- Avogadros Law- n P
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- directly proportional
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9.
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- If the gas pressure increases until it exceeds the strength of an enclosed, rigid container, the container will burst.
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10. Not for the faint at heart 11.
- Aerosol Spray Paint
- Gas flows from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure
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- Boyles law - V P orV P
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- You can raise the pressure exerted by a contained gas by reducing its volume.
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- The more a gas is compressed, the greater the pressure of the gas.
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- When volume decreases, particles do not have to travel as far before they hit the side of the container.
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- This causes more collisions and therefore more pressure.
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- Boyles Law- V P
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- Indirect relationship
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- When the volume of the container is halved, the pressure the gas exerts is doubled.
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17.
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- Gay-Lussacs Law- T P
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- An increase in the temperature of an enclosed gas causes an increase in its pressure.
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- As a gas is heated, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas increases.
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18.
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- Gay-Lussacs Law- T P
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- An increase in the temperature of an enclosed gas causes an increase in its pressure.
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- Faster-moving particles strike the walls of their container more often and with more energy.
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19.
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- Gay-Lussacs Law - T P
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- An increase in the temperature of an enclosed gas causes an increase in its pressure.
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- Pressure = force/area
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- So more force (harder & more frequent collisions) makes more pressure.
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20.
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- When the Kelvin temperature of the enclosed gas doubles, the pressure of the enclosed gas doubles.
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21.
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- Gay-Lussacs Law - T P
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- Directly proportional
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- Gay-Lussacs Law: T P
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- As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the pressure increases, if the volume is constant.
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- A pressure cooker demonstrates Gay-Lussacs Law.
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- Charles Law- T V
- When a gas is heatedat constant pressure , the volume increases.
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- Charles Law- T V
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- As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant.
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- T ,V
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- As the temperature of the water increases, the volume of the balloon increases.
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- The KMT explains Gay-Lussacs Law-
- as temperature increases particles movefaster, so they will collide more often andharder, increasing the pressure.
- In orderto maintain constant pressure,the volume will need to increase!
- Charles Law- T V
- if pressure is constant
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- Thecombined gas lawdescribes the relationship among the pressure, temperature, and volume of an enclosed gas.
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- The combined gas law allows you to do calculations for situations in which only the amount of gas is constant.
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- 1.Compared to liquids and solids, gases are easily compressed because the particles in a gas
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- attract each other.
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- are spaced relatively far apart.
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- are very small.
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- repel each other.
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14.1 Section Quiz. 31.
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- 2.Gas pressure is affected by
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- temperature, volume, and the amount of the gas.
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- temperature, volume, and the molar mass of the gas.
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- phase diagram, volume, and the size of the container.
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- temperature, phase diagram, and the mass of the gas container.
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14.1 Section Quiz. 32.
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- 3. For gases, the SI units for volume ( V ), pressure ( P ), and temperature ( T ) are, respectively,
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- liters, kilopascals, and C.
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- liters, kilopascals, and kelvins.
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- cm 3 , kilopascals, and kelvins.
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- liters, atmospheres, and C.
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14.1 Section Quiz.