Lecture 14
Transcript of Lecture 14
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Лекц-14
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Õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë
Àæèëã¿éäëèéã òîäîðõîéëîõ íü, Àæèëã¿éäýëòýéõîëáîîòîé ¿ç¿¿ëýëò¿¿ä
Àæèëã¿éäëèéí õýëáýð¿¿ä
Á¿ðýí àæèë ýðõëýëòèéí ò¿âøèí áà Ïîòåíöèàëü¿éëäâýðëýëèéí ò¿âøèí
Àæèëã¿éäëèéí çàðäàë, Àæèëã¿éäýë, Èíôëÿöèéíõàìààðàë
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Ýäèéí çàñãèéí òîãòîëöîîíä ¿éëäâýðëýëèéíõàìãèéí ÷óõàë õ¿÷èí ç¿éë íü õºäºëìºð.
Õºäºëìºðèéí íººöèéí àðèëæàà ÿâàãäàæáàéãàà ãàçðûã õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë ãýíý.
Õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýëèéí 2 îíîë áàéäàã.
1. Ñîíãîäîã îíîë
2. Êåéíñèéí îíîë
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Õºäºëìºð áîë àðèëæààíû îáúåêò.
Ýíý îáúåêò íü õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýëýýð
äàìæèí õýðýãæäýã.
Õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë äýýð ï¿¿ñ¿¿ä
ýðýëòèéã ¿¿ñãýæ, íèéë¿¿ëýëòèéã ºðõ
ãýð¿¿ä õèéíý.
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Õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýë íü òºãñ áà òºãñ áóñ
ºðñºë人íò áàéõààñàà õàìààðàí íºëººëºõ
õ¿÷èí ç¿éë¿¿ä íü õàðèëöàí àäèëã¿é.
Åðºíõèé人 äàðààõ õ¿÷èí ç¿éëñ íü
õºäºëìºðèéí çàõ çýýëä íºëººëдөг. ¯¿íä:
◦ Òºð
◦ ¯éëäâýð÷íèé ýâëýëèéí áàéãóóëëàãà
◦ Õ¿í àì ç¿éí õ¿÷èí ç¿éëñ
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Ýíý ãîëäóó çîõèöóóëàëòûí ¿¿ðýã ã¿éöýòãýäýã.
Òóõàéëáàë:
1. Õºäºëìºðèéí õºëñíèé äîîä õýìæýýã òîãòîîõ
2. Àæèëëàõ îð÷èí íºõöºëä øààðäëàãà òàâèõ
3. Ãàäíààñ àæèëëàõ õ¿÷ îðóóëàõ áîëîí ãàðãàõ ã.ì
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Àæèë÷äûí ýðõ àøãèéã õàìãààëàõ çîðèëãîîð
ñàéí äóðûí ¿íäñýí äýýð áàéãóóëàãäñàí òýäíèé
ýðõ àøèã, äóó õîîëîéã äàðãà, óäèðäëàãàä õ¿ðãýõ
÷èãëýëýýð ¿éë àæèëëàãàà ÿâóóëäàã.
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Õ¿í àìûí òºðºëò
Íàñ áàðàëò
Øèëæèõ õºäºë㺺í
Áîëîâñðîëûí áàéãóóëëàãàä õàìðàãäàëò ã.ì
ç¿éëñ íºëººëºíº.
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Àæèëã¿é÷¿¿ä
Àæèë èäýâõòýé ýðæ, õàéæ áàéãàà
õ¿ì¿¿ñ
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Îëîí óëñûí àðãà÷ëàëûí äàãóó ÝÇ-èéí èäýâõòýé
õ¿í àì ãýäýã íü:
◦ Òóõàéí óëñûí íèéò àæèëëàãñàä áîëîí
àæèëã¿é÷¿¿äèéí íèéëáýðýýð òîäîðõîéëîãäîíî.
ÝÇ-èéí èäýâõòýé õ¿í àìûã íºãºº òàëààð òóñ
óëñûí àæèëëàõ õ¿÷ ãýäýã.
![Page 12: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Òóõàéí óëñûí õóóëèíä çààñíû äàãóó:
◦ Õºäºëìºðëºõ íàñíû, Õºäºëìºð ýðõëýõ
÷àäâàðòàé
◦ Öàëèí õºëñòýé àæèë áîëîí õóâèàðàà õºäºëìºð
ýðõýëäýãã¿é
◦ Òóõàéí ¿åä àæèëëàõàä áýëýí, Öàëèí õºëñòýé
àæèë ýðæ õàéæ áàéãàà
◦ Õºäºëìºðèéí áèðæýä á¿ðòã¿¿ëñýí õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã
àæèëã¿é÷¿¿ä ãýíý.
![Page 13: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ìîíãîë óëñûí õºäºëìºðèéí õóóëèéí äàãóó:
◦ 16-60 íàñíû ýðýãòýé÷¿¿äèéã
◦ 16-55 íàñíû ýìýãòýé÷¿¿äèéã õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í
àìä îðóóëàíà.
Õºäºëìºð ýðõëýõ ÷àäâàðòàé õ¿ì¿¿ñò:
◦ Õºäºëìºð ýðõëýõ á¿ðýí ÷àäâàðòàé áîëîí
õºäºëìºðèéí ÷àäâàðàà òîäîðõîé õóãàöààãààð àëäñàí
áîëîâ÷ õºäºëìºð ýðõëýõ áîëîìæòîé õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã
õàìðóóëàíà.
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Õºäºëìºðèéí áèðæèä á¿ðòã¿¿ëñýí
õóãàöààíäàà õºäºëìºð çîõèöóóëàëòûí
àëáàíààñ òóõàéí èðãýíèé:
◦ ìýðãýæèë, áîëîâñðîë, àæëûí óð ÷àäâàð
Óðüä íü àæèëëàæ áàéñàí àæëûí íºõöºëèéã
áóóðóóëàõã¿éãýýð ñàíàë áîëãîñîí öàëèí
õºëñòýé àæèë áóþó õóâèàðàà õºäºëìºð
ýðõëýõýä áýëýí áàéãàà, ìºí õºäºëìºð
ýðõëýëòèéã èäýâõòýé áîäëîãîä õàìðàãäààä
3 ñàð áîëîîã¿é õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã àæèëëàõàä áýëýí
áàéãàà õ¿ì¿¿ñ ãýíý.
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Õºäºëìºð çîõèöóóëàëòûí àëáàíä
á¿ðòã¿¿ëñýí ºäðººñ õîéø 3 ñàðûí äîòîð
íýãýýñ äîîøã¿é óäàà õºäºëìºð
çîõèöóóëàëòûí àëáàíä àæèë èäýâõòýé õàéæ
áàéãààãàà èðæ ìýäýãäýæ áàéãàà õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã
àæèë èäýâõòýé ýðæ õàéæ áàéãàà õ¿ì¿¿ñ ãýæ
¿çíý.
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ÀÀÍÁ-ûí îðîí òîîíû ¿íäñýí àæèëòàí
Õóâèàðàà õºäºëìºð ýðõëýã÷
Àæèë õàìòðàí ã¿éöýòãýã÷èä
Öàëèí õºëñòýéãýýð ºðõèéí àæ àõóé ýðõýëäýã
õ¿ì¿¿ñèéã àæèëëàãñàä áóþó òóñ óëñûí àæèë
ýðõýëäýã õ¿í àì ãýíý[1].
1 ‘àæèëг¿é÷¿¿äèéí ìýäýýëýë òîîöîõ àðãà÷ëàë’ Ìîíгîë óëñûí ¯ÑÒÃàçàð
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Ýäèéí çàñãèéí èäýâõèòýé áóñ õ¿í àìä:
◦ Òóõàéí óëñûí 16 õ¿ðòëýõ íàñíû õ¿¿õä¿¿ä
◦ 55 äýýø íàñíû ýìýãòýé÷¿¿ä
◦ 60-ñ äýýø íàñíû ýðýãòýé÷¿¿ä áóþó òýòãýâýðèéí
íàñíûõàí
◦ Õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õºäºëìºðèéí ÷àäâàðòàé áîëîâ÷
õºäºëìºð ýðõëýõ ñîíèðõîëã¿é áóþó àæèë èäýâõòýé
ýðæ õàéõàà áîëèãñîä çýðãèéã îðóóëàíà.
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•Õº
äºë
ìºðë
ºõ ñ
îõè
ðõîë
ã¿é
áîë
îãñ
îä
•Õº
äºë
ìºðè
éí í
àñíààñ õ
àñàãä
àãñ
àä
•Õº
äºë
ìºðè
éí ÷
àä
âàðàà á
¿ðýí à
ëä
àãñ
àä
àæèëëàãñàä
ÝÇÈÁÕÀ
Àæèëã¿é÷¿¿ä
Øóóä
àæ
èë
ä î
ðîãñ
îä
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Ìîíãîë óëñàä õºäºëìºðèéí íººöèéã õýðõýí
òîîöäîã áîëîõûã àâ÷ ¿çüå.
1. Àæèëã¿éäëèéí ò¿âøèí
2. Àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèé îðîëöîîíû ò¿âøèí
3. Àæèë ýðõëýëòèéí ò¿âøèí
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ÀÒ íü òóõàéí ÝÇ-èéí
◦ àæèëëàõ ñîíèðõîëòîé,
◦ àæèëëàõ ÷àäâàðòàé õ¿í àìûí õýäýí õóâü íü àæëûí
áàéðààð õàíãàãäàæ ÷àäààã¿é áàéíà âý? ãýäãèéã
õàðóóëäàã.
ÀÒ-íã àæèëã¿é÷¿¿äèéí òîîã àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèé
òîîíä õàðüöóóëæ õóâèàð èëýðõèéëæ òîîöíî.
![Page 21: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ur= *100%
Ur-unemployment rate áóþó àæèëã¿éäëèéí õóâü
Àæèëã¿é÷¿¿ä
Àæèëëàõ õ¿÷
![Page 22: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Òóõàéí ÝÇ-èéí õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í àìûíõýäýí õóâü íü àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèé á¿ðýëäýõ¿¿íäáàãòàæ áàéíà âý? ãýäãèéã õàðóóëàíà.
ª.Õ õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû íèéò õ¿í àìûí õýäýíõóâü íü àæèë ýðõýëæ, àæèë ýðõëýõ ñîíèðõîëòîéáàéãààã õàðóóëàíà.
Ýíý ¿ç¿¿ëýëòèéã òîîöîõäîî àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèéòîîã õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í àìä õàðüöóóëæòîîöíî.
![Page 23: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
LFPR= *100%
LFPR-labor force participation rate áóþó àæèëëàõ
õ¿÷íèé îðîëöîî
Æèø 70% õóâü ãàðâàë ýíý íü àæèë÷èä áîëîí
àæèëã¿é÷¿¿äèéí íèéò õóâèéã õàðóóëàíà.
Àæèëëàõ õ¿÷Õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í àì
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Ýíý íü òóõàéí ÝÇ-èéí õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í
àìûí õýäýí õóâü íü àæèë ýðõëýæ áàéíà âý?
ãýäãèéã õàðóóëàíà.
Àæèë ýðõëýëòèéí ò¿âøèíã òîîöîõäîî
àæèëëàãñàäûí òîîã õºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í
àìûí òîîíä õàðüöóóëæ òîîöíî.
![Page 25: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Er= *100%
Er-employment rate áóþó àæèë ýðõëýëòèéí
ò¿âøèí
àæèëëàãñàäÕºäºëìºðèéí íàñíû õ¿í àì
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Àæèëã¿éäëèéí ¿¿ñ÷ áèé áîëñîí øàëòãààíààñ íüõàìààðóóëàí 4 õýëáýðò àíãèëäàã.
1. Øèëæèëòèéí àæèëã¿éäýë
2. Óëèðëûí àæèëã¿éäýë
3. Á¿òöèéí àæèëã¿éäýë
4. ̺÷ëºãèéí àæèëã¿éäýë
![Page 27: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ÁÀÝÒ ãýæ ìº÷ëºãèéí àæèëã¿éäýë áàéõã¿é
áîëîõûã õýëíý. ª.Õ àæèëã¿éäëèéí
◦ Ç¿é ¸ñíû àæèëã¿éäýë
◦ Ç¿é ¸ñíû áóñ àæèëã¿éäýë ãýæ àíãèëäàã.
ÎÓ-ûí ò¿âøèíä àæèëëàõ õ¿÷íèé 5% íü àæëûí
áàéðààð õàíãàãäààã¿é áàéõàä õýâèéí ãýæ ¿çäýã.
![Page 28: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ÝÇ-èéí íººö¿¿äèéí á¿ðýí àøèãëàëòòàé ¿åèéí
¿éëäâýðëýëèéí õýìæýýã ïîòåíöèàëü
¿éëäâýðëýëèéí õýìæýý ãýäýã.
ª.Õ: ÝÇ ººðèéí íººöºº á¿ðýí àøèãëààä
¿éëäâýðëýõ á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í, ¿éë÷èëãýýíèé
õýìæýýã ïîòåíöèàëü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí õýìæýý áà
ïîòåíöèàëü ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí ò¿âøèí ãýäýã.
![Page 29: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Y-èéí õ¿÷èí ç¿éëèéã õ¿íèé õºäºëìºðèéí
îðîëöîîòîéãîîð àøèãëàãääàã òóë, íººöèéí
á¿ðýí àøèãëàëòûã á¿ðýí àæèë ýðõëýëò ãýäãýýð
òºëººë¿¿ëæ àâäàã.
Èéìýýñ á¿ðýí àæèë ýðõëýëòèéí ¿åèéí Y-èéí
õýìæýýã áîëîìæèò Y-èéí õýìæýý áóþó
ïîòåíöèàëü Y-èéí ò¿âøèí ãýæ ¿çäýã. (Y-
¯éëäâýðëýëèéí)
![Page 30: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Íèéãìèéí çàðäàë (íèéãìèéí ñîöèàëü õ¿ðýýíä
ó÷ðóóëæ áóé õîð íºëººã íèéãìèéí çàðäàë ãýñýí
îéëãîëòîîð èëýðõèéëýíý)
Ýäèéí çàñãèéí çàðäàë (U-èéí ÝÇ-èéí çàðäëûã
òóõàéí àæèëã¿é õ¿í àæëûí áàéðààð õàíãàãäñàí
áîë ÿìàð õýìæýýíèé îðëîãî îëæ íèéãýìä ÿìàð
õýìæýýíèé áàÿëàã á¿òýýæ, óëñ îðíû õºãæèëä
ÿìàð õóâü íýìýð îðóóëàõ áàéñàí áý? ãýäãýýð
òîäîðõîéëäîã)
![Page 31: Lecture 14](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55576edad8b42a94728b5448/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
¯¿íèéã Àðòóð Îóêåíèé õóóëèàð èëýðõèéëäýã.
À.Îóêåí U-èéí ò¿âøèí áà áîäèò Y-èéí ºñºëòèéí
õîîðîíäîõ õàìààðëûã àíõ ÀÍÓ-ûí ºãºãäºë äýýð
¿íäýñëýí çàãâàð÷èëñàí.
Ò¿¿íèéã Îóêåíèé õóóë ãýõ áºãººä àæèëã¿éäýë,
áîäèò ¿éëäâýðëýë õîîðîíäîî óðâóó
õàìààðàëòàé ãýñýí çàãâàð áîëîâñðóóëñàí.
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ª.Õ áîäèò U-èéí ò¿âøèí íü õýâèéí ò¿âøíýýñ1%-ð äàâàõàä áîäèò Y-èéí ºñºëò òîäîðõîé αõóâèàð áóóðíà ãýæ ¿çñýí.
Ýíä áîäèò Y-èéí ºñºëòèéã ºìíºõ ¿åòýé áóñïîòåíöèàëü Y-èéí ò¿âøèíòýé õàðüöóóëæòîîöñîí áîëîõûã àíõààðàõ õýðýãòýé.
Îóêåí ìº÷ëºãèéí U áà áîäèò Y-èéí õîîðîíäîõõàìààðëûã äàðààõ òîìú¸îãîîð èëýðõèéëñýí.
À.Îóêåí: ÀÍÓ-ûí ýäèéí Çàñãèéí õóâüä αêîýôôèöèåíòèéã 2.5 ãýæ òîîöñîí.
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Ôèëèïèñ 1958 îíä ýíý õàìààðëûã Àíãëè óëñûí
97 æèëèéí ìýäýýëýëä òóëãóóðëàí ñóäëàæ äýýðõ
¿ç¿¿ëýëò¿¿ä áîãèíî õóãàöààíä ñºðºã
õàìààðàëòàé áîëîõûã òîãòîîñîí áàéíà.
Ò¿¿íèéãýý Ôèëèïñèéí ìóðóéãààð õàðóóëäàã.
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π
U
A
B
PC
πA
πB
UA UB
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Àæèëã¿éäýë îðëîãî ýðýëò èíôëÿöèéí
ò¿âøèí
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Ôèëèïïñèéí òîãòîîñîí àæèëã¿éäýë èíôëÿôèéí
ñºðºã õàìààðàë 1970 îí õ¿ðòýë õ¿÷èíòýé
áàéñàí.
Õàðèí 1970 îíîîñ àæèëã¿éäýë, èíôëÿöè õî¸ð
çýðýã өññөí.
ÝÇÎ-ä àæèëã¿éäýë, èíôëÿöè çýðýã ºñºõ
¿çýãäëèéã ÑÒÀÃÔËßÖÈ ãýæ íýðýëñýí.
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Ñòàãôëÿöèéí ¿çýãäëèéã íýã òàëààñ 1973 îíû
äýëõèéí íåôòèéí õÿìðàëòàé õîëáîæ ¿çäýã.
Íåôòèéí ¿íý ¿éëäâýðëýëèéí çàðäàë
¿éëäâýðëýë, íèéë¿¿ëýëò àæèëã¿éäýë
¿íèéí åðºíõèé ò¿âøèí
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Ôèëèïïñèéí îíîëûí ºðãºòãºë¿¿ä íü
àæèëã¿éäýë, èíôëÿöèéí õîîðîíäîõ õàìààðëûã
èë¿¿ ºíäºð ò¿âøèíä íàðèéâ÷ëàí ñóäàëñàí
áàéäàã.
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