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 Agaricomycetidae

Gilled Mushrooms and Boletes

General Mycology Pl P 421/521

Lecture 13

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From Hibbett (2006). Mycologia 98: 917--925

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Spore print

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basidium

basidiospores

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Basidiospore discharge

Hilar appeni!

"#ller rop

Film o$ %ater on &pore

&terigmata

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http://www.forestpathology.org/graphics/clamp.gif 

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Basidiocarps; asidiomes

Mushroom an agaric or olete asidiocarp! especially an

edile one

"oadstool an inedile #or poisonous$ asidiocarp o% an

agaric or olete

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&'(!((( descried species

1(!((( %leshy macro%ungi

#mushrooms$

4(( species

Proaly poisonous

2( common

poisonous species

) * common

lethal species

2!((( species

proaly edile

1(( species

+idely pic,ed

'( species gro+n

e-perimentally

4( species gro+ncommercially

5.* species gro+n

on large scale

15.3( species

commonly eaten

rom 0 Benamin

15 Mushrooms

Poisons and Panaceas

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Macroscopic characters

pore color in mass

#spore print$

Gills or tues 6% gills! ho+ are they

attached7 6% tues! si8e and

arrangement7

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freeadnexed

adnate

notched decurrent triangular 

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Basidiocarp stature Cap (pileus) shape Stalk (stipe)

attachment Cap margin Presence or absence

of partial eil and

annulus Presence or absence

of ola! uniersal

eil or remnants Stalk shape "erall proportion of

cap and stalk

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Cap Shape

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tal, attachment

C#$%&'

#CC#$%&C

'%#&'

S%P##SS

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9olor 

Cap Color change*

• +ygrophanous

• ,lueing

• ,ruising

-ills or pores o they change color as

the spores mature*

Stalk

lesh ,lueing ,ruising &eddening

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:ther characters

Glutinous or dry cap

Presence o% late- 9olor o% late-!

including changes "e-ture on cap and

stal, cales! %irils! etc

:erall te-ture o%

asidiocarp lesh rittle! tough!

%ragile

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 Associations

<o+ do the mushroomsgro+7 ingly

6n clumps #%airy rings7$ 6n clusters =here does the

mushroom gro+7 Grass! pastures! tur%  :n other %ungal %ruiting

odies  Associated +ith trees

• >ear trees #+hat types o%trees7$

• :n decaying +ood• :n cones or pods

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Microscopic %eatures

Basidiospores..si8e!shape! ornamentation!

germ pores

eaction o% spores in

<2:4! Mel8er?s! @:< i8e and shape o%

asidia! numer o%

asidiospores/asidium

tructure o% gill trama egular #parallel$ 6rregular #inter+oen$ Bilateral #diergent$ 6nerse #conergent$

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Microscopic characters #cont$

Presence o% speciali8ed cells in tertiary

mycelium phaerocysts! lacti%erous hyphae

 Arrangement o% cells in cap cuticle! stal,

cuticle

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Miscellaneous 9haracters

"aste Bitter  <ot Mild

mell Pleasant #mushroomy! %ruity! li,e almonds!

etc$ npleasant #phenolic! %etid! etc$

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ussulales

Brittle %lesh due to

presence o%

sphaerocysts

Basidiospores +ith

amyloid

ornamentation

Mil,y late- #Lactarius$ >o late- #Russula$

Mycorrhi8al

Russula rosacea

Lactarius deliciosus

photo by red Steens

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Russula brevipes ( Short stemmed &ussula)

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ree gills Partial eil

remaining as anannulus

niersal eilremaining as olaand patches on cap

Mycorrhi8al -ampleC  Amanita

 Amanitaceae

 Amanita muscaria (the ly 'garic)

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 Amanita phalloides (the eath Cap)

Photo by ,renda Callan

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Lepiotaceae

ree gills

Partial eil remaining

as annulus

Lac, o% ola

aprotrophs! o%ten%orming %airy rings

-ampleC LepiotaLepiota (Macrolepiota) rachodes 

photo from 1atch1aker 

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<ygrophoraceae

=a-y.loo,ing gills

due to long! narro+

asidia

:%ten rightly colored#Hygrocybe$; other

species in

Hygrophorus

Mycorrhi8al andsaprotrophic species

Hygrocybe coccinea

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"richolomataceaeC  Armillaria

Photos y aini ippi

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"richolomataceaeC Clitocybe

Clitocybe dilatata by &aini &ippi

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"richolomatacaeC Lentinus and

allies

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"richolomatacaeC Pleurotus and

allies

Pleurocybella porrigens'ngel 2ings

Pleurotus sp. "yster 1ushroom

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"richolomatacaeC Tricholoma

Tricholoma magnivelare (1atsutake)

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Pale pored %amilies

ntolomatacaeDe- Entoloma Basidiospores pin, in mass! angular or ried Attached gills "errestrial mushrooms #some mycorrhi8al$

PlutaceaeDe- Pluteus Basidiospores pin,ish in mass! smooth Many species gro+n on +ood

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ntoloma hirtipes

http!""###.$$i.pl"%enit"gr%yby&spyt"ga'.htm

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PlutaceaeC Pluteus

Pluteus cervinus from 1yco2eb

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 Are the spores dar, in mass7

 Agaricaceae

9oprinaceae

trophariaceae

9ortinariacae Gomphidiacae

Boletaceae

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 Agaricaceae

9hocolate ro+n

spores

0istinct annulus

resulting %rom partial

eil

Gills %ree aprotrophs

-ampleC  Agaricus

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6n,y 9aps

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trophariaceae

pores ro+n! purple.ro+n to purple

lac,! +ith distinct germ pore

aprotrophs

our +ell.,no+n generaC Pholiota Don +ood Stropharia Don dung! humus or +ood Naematoloma Din clusters on +ood Psilocybe Dgrass! +ood chips! dung

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trophariaceaeC Pholiota

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trophariaceaeC Stropharia

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trophariaceaeC Psilocybe

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Psilocybe cubensis (dried specimen) brought in to -ritman

#mergency &oom by ictim

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9ortinariaceae

Largest ro+n.spored %amily

6denti%ied y eliminating other %amilies

-amplesC

Cortinarius Erusty ro+n spores! cortina! mycorrhi8al Hebeloma Esimilar to Cortinarius ut lac,s cortina!

o%ten +ith radish.li,e odor  Inocybe Edull ro+n! yello+ or gray %irillose caps

alerina Esmall ro+n mushrooms on +ood; deadly poisonous

C ti i

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Cortinarius

cortina

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Gomphidiaceae

mo,y.gray to lac, spores that are long

and narro+ #oletoid$

=a-y decurrent gills

Mycorrhi8al

-amplesC omphi!ius Eslimy cuticle! +hite %lesh! yello+

stal, ase Chroogomphus Eorange.colored %lesh

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,omphidius glutinosus 

(+ideous -omphidius)

Chroogomphus rutilus

(Pine Spikes)

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Boletaceae

<ymenium %orms in a spongeli,e layer o% tuesor pores that can e cleanly separated %rom capin most ta-a! ut may also %orm gills #gilledoletes$

pores are ro+n! long and narro+ #oletoid$ Mycorrhi8al 9ommon generaC

Suillus "slimy or %irillose cap! partial eil

#uscoboletinusDli,e Suillus ut +ith dar,er spores!mycorrhi8al +ith larch $oletus Edry cap! no partial eil

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-oletus %elleri 

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Slippery 5acks

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uillus cavipes

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/uscoboletinus ochraceoroseus (&osy arch ,olete)

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Phylloporus rhodo0anthus1

a gilled bolete

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Pa0illus atrotomentosus (6elet Pax)

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