Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

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Lecture 12: Approach Lighting System (ALS) By: Zuliana Ismail,

Transcript of Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

Page 1: Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

Lecture 12:Approach

Lighting System (ALS)

By: Zuliana Ismail,2010

Page 2: Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

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Learning Outcomes

• At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:– Describe the theory and use of Approach Lightings

System (ALS) and their importance during aircraft landing.

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Help Why Approach Lighting Systems

is important?

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Importance of Lighting

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Lighting systems from the cockpit window during bad weather. Poor visibility is mainly due to

heavy snowfall

Lighting systems are important for a/c landing during night time.

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Importance of Approach Lighting System

• Approach Lighting System (ALS) is the tail end of the Air Navigation System, thus, it is important to affect the aircraft landing.

• ALS allows the pilot to see and identify the Runway end and align the aircraft to land on the runway.

• It very important especially during night time, bad weather and poor visibility

• ALS also important to verify positive contact and let you know where the begin an end of the runway is.

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What pilot should do if he unable to see the ALS?

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ALS uses

• At the point where Decision Height is reached, pilot must be able to see ALS, then pilot can continue the approach.

• If pilot can not see the ALS, the approach must be aborted and a missed approach procedure will be performed.

• This is where the aircraft will climb back to a predetermined altitude and position.

• From there the pilot will either try the same approach again, try a different approach or divert to another airport.

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Definition

• Decision Height : the altitude at which, during a ILS landing approach, a pilot must decide whether to land or missed approach.

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ALS Configurations

• ALS are designed to allow the pilot to quickly and positively identify visibility distances under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

• The most common approach light system configurations include:

– ALSF-1: Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 1

– ALSF-2: Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 2

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Approach Lighting System Configuration 2

• To align the aircraft with the centerline of the runway and to establish vertical orientation.

• Up to 174 steady burning white lights serve as a reference plane,

• Two rows of red side row increase the pilots horizontal perception.

• Up to twenty-one white lights create a sequential flash pattern that rolls toward the runway threshold.

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Approach Lighting Systems (ALS)

1. Sequence Flashing LightTo guide the pilot’s eyes

toward the runway centerline

Thresholds Light: Appear green for a/c landing

and red a/c take-off

3. Approach Light•Warning red light, which a/c

should not land yet

2. Cross Bar Light

•Indicate a/c wings status

Runway Touch Down Zone Light

•Give depth view of the runway

Approach Lighting

System (ALS)

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HelpVISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATORS (VASI)

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VASI

• VASI are light systems to assist pilot with visual guidance during an aircraft landing by indicate the pilot’s right angle of approach.

• They are located on the side of the runway and can be used both during the day and at night.

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Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

• VASI may have 2 bars (rows) of lights.

• A 2-bar system has one near and one far bar. Each bar can contain 2 light units.

• If both bars show white lights, you are too high for your landing.

• If both bars show red, you are too low.

• If the far bar is red and the near bar is white you are just right (be on the glide path).

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Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

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Visual Approach Slope Indicators (VASI)

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HelpPRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR (PAPI)

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PAPI

• PAPI work in a similar manner to the VASI.

• The difference is PAPI only have one row of lights.

• This one row contain 4 light units.

• If all four lights show white, you are too high for your landing.

• If all four lights show red, you are too low.

• If two lights show red and two lights show white you are just right (be on the glide path).

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Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

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