Lecture 1.0 Computer Basics

What is in a computer?

Computers do some pretty impressive things! CFD Modeling Flow Sheet Simulation

Computer is a simple machine, in principle! Add Subtract Count Switching

Pass information for one place to another CPU to RAM

Bus = Communication with Equipment Hard Drive / RAM

At the circuit level Computers use Binary Math; a switch is either on or off

Instructions in Binary math = Machine Language

What is Hexadecimal math?

What is inside the Computer?

What are these Components?

Computer Components - I Mother Board

Memory (RAM) (128 mbyte, 256 mbyte, 512 mbyte, 1024 mbyte)

Serial Communications Bus CPU with math coprocessor

and memory cache (512 k byte) Battery Clock = counting circuit

Computer Components - II Connections for

Key Board Mouse Hard Disk Drive (20-120 Giga byte) Floppy Drive (2 Mega byte) Zip Drive (100/250 Mega byte) CD Rom (650 Mega byte) DVD (4.7 Giga byte) Video Card that Drives Monitor (analogue) Sound Card that Drives Speakers (analogue) Modem Card (digital) Ethernet Card(digital) A-to-D/D-to-A Card = Data Acquisition Card IEEE bus = external communications

Moore’s Law

please see http://developer.intel.com/update/archive/issue2/focus.htm

Chip Feature Scaling

What does a ChE need to know to work in materials processing? Materials Nomenclature Materials are High Purity Chemicals

Silicon = 99.9999% pure Structure is Important Defects in the Structure are Important Trace Impurities Play a Critical Role

Where they are in the structure is also critical

Course Overview Physics of Solids

Materials Properties Device Physics

Materials Processing of Silicon Chips Photolithography Deposition / Etching Implantation Planarization

Course Overview Materials’ Properties

Structure – Metals, Oxides, Semi-conductors

Electrical Properties – Metals, Oxides, Semi-conductors

Other Properties – Piezo, magnetic, ferro-electric

Device Physics Conductor Resistor Capacitor Diode Transistor

Chip Devices Structures Memory CPU/Switches Multi-layer

Interconnects barrier layers

Limits on Computer speed

Course Overview - Chemical Engineering in Processing of Silicon Chips

Wafer Fabrication Doping Wafers

Diffusion Implantation

Patterning Spin Coating Photo-resist Development Photo-resist dissolution

Etching Deposition

Oxides Silicon Metals

Multi-layer Interconnects Patterning Deposition

Chemical Mechanical Polishing/Planarization

Course Overview - II What Can Go Wrong?

Understanding the electrical problem in terms of chip processing.

Understanding what causes the problem

Developing a solution to the problem Developing a strategy so that the

problem will not occur again.