Lecture 1 renewable energy

7/24/2019 Lecture 1 renewable energy

1/13

Renewable Bioenergy(ENV-566)

Dr. Jamshaid Rashid

Assistant Professor

Department of Environmental Sciences

Quid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan


2/13

What do you mean by BIOENERGY?

How many of you have seen this?


3/13

Bioenergy

1. Energy contained in living or recently livingbiological organisms

2. A renewable energy source made from biomass

(which is organic materials such as plants and animals).

3. Energy produced from biomass including woodybiomass, agricultural biomass, and other biological

materials; Includes electricity, heat, and transportation

fuels

4. Energyderived from recently living material such as

wood, crops, or animal waste. (versus decayed

materials that comprise fossil fuels)


4/13

Biomass

Biomass is the largest renewable energy source in usetoday. There are two main forms of biomass:

Raw biomass consists of forestry products, grasses,

crops, animal manure, and aquatic products, such as

kelp and seaweed.

Secondary biomass is material that comes from raw

biomass, but has undergone significant changes. These

would include items such as paper, cardboard, cotton,natural rubber products and used cooking oils.


5/13

How much biomass exists right now? Worldwide, total "standing crop" biomass (99% on land, and 80% in

trees) is a huge resource, equivalent to about 60 years of world energyuse in the year 2000 (1250 billion metric tonnes of dry plant matter,containing 560 billion tonnes of carbon).

For the U.S. alone, standing vegetation has been variously estimated atbetween 65 and 90 billion tonnes of dry matter (30-40 billion tonnes

of carbon), equivalent to 14-19 years of current U.S. primary energyuse.

However, the Earth actually grows every year about 130 billion tonnesof biomass on land (60 billion tonnes of carbon) and a further 100

billion tonnes in the rivers, lakes and oceans (46 billion tonnes

carbon).

The energy content of this annual biomass production is estimated tobe more than 6 times world energy use or 2,640 exajoules on land,with an additional 2,024 exajoules in the waters.

*The exajoule(EJ) is equal to one quintillion (1018) joules


6/13


7/13

Some Facts about Bioenergy

Worldwide, biomass is the fourth largest energy resource after coal,

oil, and natural gas - estimated at about 14% of global primaryenergy (and much higher in many developing countries).

Biomass is used for heating (such as wood stoves in homes and for

process heat in bio-processing industries), cooking (especially in

many parts of the developing world), transportation (fuels such asethanol) and, increasingly, for electric power production.

Installed capacity of biomass power generation worldwide is about

35,000 MW, with about 7,000 MW in the United States derived

from forest-product-industry and agricultural residues Much of this 7,000 MW capacity is presently found in the pulp and

paper industry, in combined heat and power (cogeneration) systems


8/13


9/13

Course contents-ENV 566

Introduction to Bioenergy/renewable energy; an overviewof available methods for biological energy production;

Fermentative and non- fermentative biofuel production;Microbial heat generation; Metabolic flux analysis;

Biomimetric approaches; Anaerobic processes for bioenergy production; Bioenergy

recovery from sulfate rich waste streams;

Biochemical overview of the different processes(Bioethanol, Biomethane, Biohydrogen, biobutanol,

Biodiesel, Microbial fuel cells); Survey of some other newdevelopments in bioenergy; Engineering microorganismsfor improved production.


10/13

Recommended books

1. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production:

Principles and Applications. Khanal. S. Blackwell Synergy

(2008 )

2. Biofuels: Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Sustainable

Development. Mousdale, D. M. CRC Press (2008)

3. Biocatalysis and Bioenergy, Hoa C. T., J. F. Shaw, John Wiley& Sons (2008)


11/13

No. MarksHome Assignments 3 10%

Quizzes 5 10%

Class Project 1 10%

Mid terms 1 20%

Final 1 50%

Tentative Grading Policy


12/13

Class Project

A debate on

The magical world ofrenewable bioenergy:

Science V/S Socio-political implications

Due:


13/13

Lecture 1 renewable energy

Documents

Transcript of Lecture 1 renewable energy