Lecture 1Ms Saima Gul

What is Excel?

Excel 2003 is the spreadsheet and data analysis program in Office 2003. It combines incredible power with ease of use, giving professionals and occasional users the features they need.

What is Excel Used For?Number crunching: Create budgets, analyze survey

results, and perform just about any type of financial analysis you can think of.

Creating charts: Create a wide variety of highly customizable charts.

Organizing lists: Use the row-and-column layout to store lists efficiently.

Accessing other data: Import data from a wide variety of sources.

Creating graphics and diagrams: Use Excel AutoShapes to create simple (and not-so-simple) diagrams.

Excel Elements

Windows elementsMenus, shortcut keys, toolbars, dialogs and

task panelDocument scrolling techniquesHelp feature

Excel Environment

Menu bar

Row heading

Cell pointer Column heading

sheet tabs

Formula bar

Understanding Workbooks and WorksheetsThe work you do in Excel is performed in a workbook

file, which appears in its own window. You can have as many workbooks open as you need. By default, workbooks use an XLS file extension.

Each workbook is comprised of one or more worksheets, and each worksheet is made up of individual cells. Each cell contains a value, a formula, or text. Each worksheet is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook. In addition, workbooks can store chart sheets. A chart sheet displays a single chart and is also accessible by clicking a tab.

Working with Workbooks

Excel 2003 automatically starts with a new Workbook containing three Worksheets.

A Workbook consists of one or more Worksheets. A Worksheet is essentially a very large table, consisting

of rows and columns.

Moving Around a WorksheetEvery worksheet consists of rows (numbered 1

through 65,536) and columns (labeled A through IV). After column Z comes column AA; after column AZ comes column BA, and so on. The intersection of a row and a column is a single cell. At any given time, one cell is the active cell. You can identify the active cell by its darker border. Its address (its column letter and row number) appears in the Name box. Depending on the technique that you use to navigate through a workbook, you may or may not change the active cell when you navigate.

Working with Cells

A Worksheet is made up of Cells. A Range is made up of Cells. Ranges can be any rectangular area of Cells within a Worksheet.

• Excel identifies the Active Cell with a bold outline around the Cell and highlighting the Column heading letter and Row heading number of the Cell.

Navigating within a Worksheet

A common way to navigate within a Worksheet is to use your keyboard.

Press this: To move the Active Cell:

One cell to the left

One cell to the right

One cell up

One cell down

Ctrl+ To the left edge of the current region

Ctrl+ To the right edge of the current region

Ctrl+ To the top edge of the current region

Ctrl+ To the bottom edge of the current region

Home To the first cell in the row

Ctrl+Home To the first cell in the Worksheet

Ctrl+End To the bottom right cell that contains data

Page Up One screen up

Page Down One screen down

Alt+PgUp One screen to the left

Alt+PgDown One screen to the right

Selecting Items in Excel

Select a Column by clicking on the Column header letter.

• Select a Row by clicking on the Row header number.

• Select a Range by clicking on the First Cell; hold down the Shift key and click the Opposing Cell in the Range.

Modifying Cell ContentsAfter you enter a value or text into a cell, you can

modify it in several ways: Erase the cell’s contents Replace the cell’s contents with something else Edit the cell’s contents

Erasing the contents of a cellTo erase the contents of a cell, just click the cell and press

Delete. To erase more than one cell, select all the cells that you want to erase and then press Delete. Pressing Delete removes the cell’s contents but doesn’t remove any formatting (such as bold, italic, or a different number format) that you may have applied to the cell.

For more control over what gets deleted, you can use the Edit Clear command. This menu item has a submenu with ➪four additional choices:

All: Clears everything from the cell Formats: Clears only the formatting and leaves the value,

text, or formula Contents: Clears only the cell’s contents and leaves the

formatting Comments: Clears the comment (if one exists) attached to

the cell

Editing the contents of a cellWhen you want to edit the contents of a cell, you can use one of

the following ways to enter cell-edit mode: Double-click the cell. This enables you to edit the cell contents

directly in the cell. Activate the cell and press F2. This enables you to edit the cell

contents directly in the cell. Activate the cell that you want to edit and then click inside the

Formula bar. This enables you to edit the cell contents in the Formula bar.

All of these methods cause Excel to go into edit mode. (The word EDIT appears at the left side of the status bar at the bottom of the screen.) When Excel is in edit mode, the Formula bar displays two new icons: the X and Check Mark. Clicking the X icon cancels editing, without changing the cell’s contents. (Pressing Esc has the same effect.) Clicking the Check Mark icon completes the editing and enters the modified contents into the cell. (Pressing Enter has the same effect.)

Setting up a Workbook

To name a worksheetIn the lower left corner of the workbook window,

right-click the desired sheet tab.From the shortcut menu that appears, click Rename.Type the new name for the worksheet, and press

Enter.

To reposition a worksheetClick the sheet tab of the worksheet you want

to move, and drag it to the new position on the tab bar.

To change the default number of worksheetsOn the Tools menu, click Options.In the Options dialog box, click the General

tab, and, in the Sheets In New Workbook box, type the number of worksheets you want in your new workbooks.

Click OK.

To merge cellsSelect the cells to be merged.On the Formatting toolbar, click the Merge

and Center toolbar button.

To add cells to a worksheetOn the Insert menu, click Cells.In the Insert dialog box, select the option

button indicating whether to shift the cells surrounding the inserted cell down (if your data is arranged as a column) or to the right (if your data is arranged as a row).

Click OK.

To delete cells from a worksheetSelect the cells to delete and, on the Edit

menu, click Delete.In the Delete dialog box, select the option

button indicating whether to shift the cells surrounding the deleted cells up (if your data is arranged as a column) or to the left (if your data is arranged as a row).

Click OK.

Inserting rows and columnsTo insert a new row or rows, you can use any of the

following techniques: Select an entire row or multiple rows by clicking the row

numbers in the worksheet border. Select the Insert Rows ➪command.

Select an entire row or multiple rows by clicking the row numbers in the worksheet border. Right-click and choose Insert from the shortcut menu.

Move the cell pointer to the row that you want to insert and then select Insert Rows. If you select multiple cells in the ➪column, Excel inserts additional rows that correspond to the number of cells selected in the column and moves the rows below the insertion down.

The procedure for inserting a new column or columns is similar, but you use the Insert Column command.➪

Deleting rows and columnsTo delete a row or rows, use any of the following

methods: Select an entire row or multiple rows by clicking the

row numbers in the worksheet border and then select Edit Delete.➪

Select an entire row or multiple rows by clicking the row numbers in the worksheet border. Right-click and choose Delete from the shortcut menu.

Move the cell pointer to the row that you want to delete and then select Edit Delete. In the dialog box ➪that appears, choose the Entire row option. If you select multiple cells in the column, Excel deletes all selected rows.

Deleting columns works in a similar way.

Hiding rows and columns If necessary, you can hide rows and columns. This may be

useful if you don’t want users to see particular information or if you need to print a report that summarizes the information in the worksheet without showing all the details.

To hide rows or columns in your worksheet, select the row or rows that you want to hide and then choose Format Row Hide. Or select the column or columns that you ➪ ➪want to hide and then choose Format Column Hide.➪ ➪

Unhiding a hidden row or column can be a bit tricky because selecting a row or column that’s hidden is difficult. The solution is to select the columns or rows that are adjacent to the hidden column or row. (Select at least one column or row on either side.) Then select Format Row Unhide or ➪ ➪Format Column Unhide. Another method is to select Edit Go ➪ ➪ ➪To (or its F5 equivalent) to select a cell in a hidden row or column. For example, if column A is hidden, you can press F5 and specify cell A1 (or any other cell in column A) to move the cell pointer to the hidden column. Then you can use the appropriate command to unhide the column.

Changing column widthsYou can change columns widths by using anyof the

following techniques. Drag the right-column border with the mouse until the

column is the desired width. Choose Format Column Width and enter a value in ➪ ➪

the Column Width dialog box. Choose Format Column AutoFit Selection. This ➪ ➪

adjusts the width of the selected column so that the widest entry in the column fits. If you want, you can just select cells in the column, and the column is adjusted based on the widest entry in your selection.

Double-click the right border of a column header to set the column width automatically to the widest entry in the column.

Changing row heights Drag the lower row border with the mouse until the

row is the desired height. Choose Format Row Height and enter a value (in ➪ ➪

points) in the Row Height dialog box. Double-click the bottom border of a row to set the row

height automatically to the tallest entry in the row. You also can use the Format Row AutoFit command ➪ ➪for this.

To prevent text spillover

Click the desired cell.On the Format menu, click Cells.If necessary, click the Alignment tab.Select the Wrap Text check box, and click OK.

Formatting numbers by using the toolbarThe Formatting toolbar contains several buttons that

let you quickly apply common number formats. When you click one of these buttons, the active cell takes on the specified number format. You also can select a range of cells (or even an entire row or column) before clicking these buttons. If you select more than one cell, Excel applies the number format to all the selected cells. Table on next slide summarizes the formats that these Formatting toolbar buttons perform.

Number-Formatting Buttons on the Formatting Toolbar

Button Name Formatting applied

Currency Style Adds a dollar sign to the left, separates thousands with a comma, and displays the value with two digits to the right of the decimal point. The result may be different for systems that use a different currency symbol.

Percent Style Displays the value as a percentage, with no decimal places

Comma Style Separates thousands with a comma and displays the value with two digits to the right of the decimal place

Increase Decimal Increases the number of digits to the right of the decimal point by one

Decrease Decimal Decreases the number of digits to the right of the decimal point by one

To add a picture to a worksheetClick the cell into which you want to add the picture.On the Insert menu, point to Picture and then click From File.Navigate to the folder with the picture file, and then double-

click the file name.

To change a picture’s propertiesRight click the graphic and from the shortcut menu

that appears, click Format Picture.Use the controls in the Format Picture dialog box to

change the picture’s properties.

To add a background image to a worksheetOn the Format menu, point to Sheet, and

click Background.In the Sheet Background dialog box, click the

image that you want to serve as the background pattern for your worksheet, and click OK.

Changing Document Appearance

Formatting Text

You can format your text using the Font tab of the Format Cell dialog box.

Formatting Numbers

You can format your numbers using the Number tab of the Format Cell dialog box.

Or use the icons on the Formatting toolbar.

Manipulating Data

The Alignment tab of the Format Cells dialog gives you great control over how your text is aligned and orientated.

Formatting with Colours and Patterns

You can customize your spreadsheets by changing the Font Colour or by adding a Fill Colour or Pattern. (Right click -> Format Cells -> Patterns)

Adding and Editing Borders

The Border tab of the Format Cell dialog box provides many options to customise your borders.

Using AutoFormat

Excel 2003 has many pre-defined table styles to help you format your table of information quickly. (Format -> Auto Format)

Inserting and Deleting

You can insert and delete cells by shifting cells or entire rows and columns. (Insert -> Cells)

Using Page Setup

You can use the Page Setup dialog to customize the printing of your Spreadsheet. (File -> Page Setup)

Margins

Use the Margin tab of the Page Setup dialog box to define margins and centre data on the printed page.

Headers and Footers

Use the Header/Footer tab to add standard or custom Header and Footer.

Printing a Spreadsheet

Choose File > Print to display the print dialog boxOR click the Print icon on the Standard toolbar to print with the current settings.

Entering and Editing Worksheet Data

Understanding the Types of Data You Can UseAn Excel workbook can hold any number of

worksheets, and each worksheet is made up of a large number of cells. A cell can hold any of three basic types of data:

Numerical valuesTextFormulasA worksheet also can hold charts, drawings, pictures,

buttons, and other objects. These objects are not contained in cells. Rather, they reside on the worksheet’s draw layer, which is an invisible layer on top of each worksheet.

Understanding numerical valuesNumerical values represent a quantity of some type:

sales amounts, number of employees, atomic weights, test scores, and so on. Values also can be dates (such as 26-Feb-2004) or times (such as 3:24 a.m.).

Understanding text entriesMost worksheets also include text in some of their

cells. You can insert text to serve as labels for values, headings for columns, or instructions about the worksheet. Text is often used to clarify what the values in a worksheet mean. In most cases, the text is more important to someone viewing the worksheet than it is to Excel because the text makes it easier for the viewer to determine which numerical values are which—Excel knows what the values represent from the way that they are used in formulas.

Text that begins with a number is still considered text. For example, if you type 12 Apples into a cell, Excel considers this to be text rather than a value. Consequently, you can’t use this cell for numeric calculations.

Understanding formulasFormulas are what make a spreadsheet a spreadsheet.

Excel enables you to enter powerful formulas that use the values (or even text) in cells to calculate a result. When you enter a formula into a cell, the formula’s result appears in the cell. If you change any of the values used by a formula, the formula recalculates and shows the new result.

Formulas can be simple mathematical expressions, or they can use some of the powerful functions that are built into Excel.

Forcing text to appear on a new line within a cellIf you have lengthy text in a cell, you can force Excel

to display it in multiple lines within the cell. Use Alt+Enter to start a new line in a cell.

Entering numbers with fractionsTo enter a fraction into a cell, leave a space between

the whole number and the fraction. For example, to enter 6 ¾, enter 6 3/4, and then press Enter. When you select the cell, 6.75 appears in the Formula bar, and the cell entry appears as a fraction.

If you have a fraction only (for example, ¼), you must enter a zero first, like this: 0 1/4—otherwise Excel will likely assume that you are entering a date. When you select the cell and look at the Formula bar, you see 0.25. In the cell, you see ¼.

Hiding and unhiding a worksheetIn some situations, you may want to hide one or more

worksheets. Hiding a sheet may be useful if you don’t want others to see it, or if you just want to get it out of the way. When a sheet is hidden, its sheet tab is also hidden. At least one sheet must remain visible. (You can’t hide all the sheets in a workbook.)

To hide a worksheet, choose Format Sheet Hide. ➪ ➪The active worksheet (or selected worksheets) will be hidden from view.

Keeping the titles in view by freezing panesIf you set up a worksheet with row or column

headings, it’s easy to lose track of just where you are when you scroll to a different location in the worksheet. Excel provides a handy solution to this problem: freezing panes. This keeps the headings visible while you are scrolling through the worksheet.

To freeze panes, start by moving the cell pointer to the cell below the row that you want to remain visible as you scroll and to the right of the column that you want to remain visible as you scroll. Then, select Window Freeze Panes. Excel inserts dark lines to ➪indicate the frozen rows and columns. You’ll find that the frozen row and column remain visible as you scroll throughout the worksheet. To remove the frozen panes, select Window Unfreeze Panes.➪

Monitoring cells with a Watch WindowIn some situations, you may want to keep track of the

value in a particular cell. As you scroll throughout the worksheet, that cell may disappear from view. Using a Watch Window can help.

The Watch Window is actually a special type of toolbar. To display the Watch Window toolbar, choose View Toolbars Watch Window. Then click Add ➪ ➪Watch and specify the cell that you want to watch. The Watch Window will display the value in that cell. You can add any number of cells to the Watch Window, and you can move the toolbar to a convenient location.

Pasting in special waysTo control what is copied into the destination range, you

use the Edit Paste Special command—a much more ➪versatile version of the Edit Paste command. This dialog ➪box has several options, which are explained in the following list.

All: Equivalent to using the Edit Paste command. It copies ➪the cell’s contents, formats, and data validation from the Windows Clipboard.

Formulas: Only formulas contained in the source range are copied.

Values: Copies the results of formulas. Formats: Copies only the formatting.Comments: Copies only the cell comments from a cell or

range. This option doesn’t copy cell contents or formatting.

Pasting in special ways (Contd.)All except borders: Copies everything except any borders

that appear in the source range.Column widths: Copies column width information from one

column to another.Formulas and number formats: Copies all formulas and

numeric formats, but no values.Values and number formats: Copies all current values and

numeric formats, but not the formulas themselves.

Using Names to Work with Ranges Excel allows you to assign descriptive names to cells and ranges.

For example, you can give a cell a name such as Interest_Rate. Working with these names (rather than cell or range addresses) has several advantages:

A meaningful range name (such as Total_Income) is much easier to remember than a cell address (such as AC21).

Entering a name is less error-prone than entering a cell or range address.

You can quickly move to areas of your worksheet either by using the Name box, located at the left side of the formula bar (click the arrow to drop down a list of defined names) or by choosing Edit Go To (or ➪F5) and specifying the range name.

Creating formulas is easier. You can paste a cell or range name into a formula by using the Insert Name Paste command, by selecting ➪ ➪a name from the Name box, or simply by typing the name.

Names make your formulas more understandable and easier to use. A formula such as =Income—Taxes is more intuitive than =D20—D40.

Creating range names in your workbooksExcel provides several different methods that you can use to

create range names. Before you begin, however, you should be aware of some important rules about what is acceptable:

Names can’t contain any spaces. You might want to use an underscore character to simulate a space (such as Annual_Total).

You can use any combination of letters and numbers, but the name must begin with a letter. A name can’t begin with a number (such as 3rdQuarter) or look like a cell reference (such as Q3).

Symbols, except for underscores and periods, aren’t allowed. Names are limited to 255 characters, but it’s a good practice to

keep names as short as possible yet still be meaningful and understandable.

Excel also uses a few names internally for its own use. Although you can create names that override Excel’s internal names, you should avoid doing so. To be on the safe side, avoid using the following for names: Print_Area, Print_Titles, Consolidate_Area, and Sheet_Title.

Creating range names in your workbooks (Contd.)To create a range name, start by selecting the cell or range

that you want to name. Then, select Insert Name Define (or ➪ ➪press Ctrl+F3). Excel displays the Define Name dialog box.

Type a name in the box labeled Names in Workbook (or use the name that Excel proposes, if any). The active or selected cell or range address appears in the box labeled Refers To. Verify that the address listed is correct and then click OK to add the name to your worksheet and close the dialog box. Or you can click the Add button to continue adding names to your worksheet. If you do this, you must specify the Refers To range either by typing an address (make sure to begin with an equal sign) or by pointing to it in the worksheet. Each name appears in the list box.

The Name box is a drop-down list and shows all names in the workbook. To choose a named cell or range, click the Name box and choose the name. The name appears in the Name box, and Excel selects the named cell or range in the worksheet.

Deleting namesIf you no longer need a defined name, you can delete

it. Deleting a range name does not delete information in the range.

To remove a range name, choose Insert Name Define to display the Define Name ➪ ➪dialog box. Choose the name that you want to delete from the list and then click the Delete button.

If you delete the rows or columns that contain named cells or ranges, the names contain an invalid reference. For example, if cell A1 on Sheet1 is named Interest and you delete row 1 or column A, Interest then refers to =Sheet1!#REF! (that is, to an erroneous reference).

Adding Comments to CellsTo add a comment to a cell, select the cell and then choose

Insert Comment (or press Shift+F2). Excel inserts a comment ➪that points to the active cell. Initially, the comment consists of your name. Enter the text for the cell comment and then click anywhere in the worksheet to hide the comment. You can change the size of the comment by clicking and dragging any of its borders.

Cells that have a comment attached display a small red triangle in the upper-right corner. When you move the mouse pointer over a cell that contains a comment, the comment becomes visible.

If you want all cell comments to be visible (regardless of the location of the cell pointer), select View Comments. This ➪command is a toggle; select it again to hide all cell comments. To edit a comment, activate the cell, right-click, and then choose Edit Comment from the shortcut menu.

To delete a cell comment, activate the cell that contains the comment, right-click, and then choose Delete Comment from the shortcut menu.

Creating Charts

To create an embedded chartSelect the cells to provide data for the chart.On the Standard toolbar, click the Chart Wizard button. In the Chart type section, click the desired chart type; and

then, in the Chart subtype section, click the desired subtype.

Click Next to move to the next wizard page.Verify that the axis and data series names are correct.Click Next to move to the next wizard page. In the Chart title box, type the name of the chart and then

press D.Type names for the chart title and axes in the boxes

provided, and then click Next.Click Finish to accept the default choice to create the chart

as part of the active worksheet.

To change a chart’s backgroundRight-click anywhere in the Chart Area of the chart, and

then, from the shortcut menu that appears, click Format Chart Area.

In the Area section of the Format Chart Area dialog box, click the Fill Effects button.

Click the Texture tab to display the Texture tab page.Click the desired texture.Click OK twice to close the Fill Effects dialog box and the

Format Chart Area dialog box.

To customize chart labelsDouble-click the chart label to be customized.Use the controls in the dialog box that appears to

customize the chart label.To change the text of a chart label, click the label and edit

it in the text box that appears.

To customize chart number formatsDouble-click the axis of the chart with the numbers to be

customized. In the Format Axis dialog box that appears, click the

Number tab.Use the controls on the Number tab page to format the

chart numbers.Click OK.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables

Pivot TablesAn important consideration when you create your Microsoft

Excel worksheets is how you want the data to appear when you show it to your colleagues. You can change the formatting of your data to emphasize the contents of specific cells, sort and filter your worksheets based on the contents of specific columns, or hide rows containing data that isn’t relevant to the point you’re trying to make.

An Excel tool lets you create worksheets that can be sorted, filtered, and rearranged dynamically to emphasize different aspects of your data. That tool is the PivotTable.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTablesExcel worksheets let you gather and present important

data, but the standard worksheet can’t be changed from its original configuration easily. That means you cannot easily exchange the data of rows and columns.

You can use an Excel tool to reorganize and redisplay your data dynamically. You can create a PivotTable, or dynamic worksheet, that lets you reorganize and filter your data on the fly.

To create a PivotTable, you must have your data collected in a list in which every row represents a cell in the body of the finished PivotTable.

Consider the following data. To create a PivotTable, you must have your data collected in a list in which every row represents a cell in the body of the finished PivotTable. Once you have created a list, you can click any cell in that list, open the Data menu, and click PivotTable and PivotChart Report to launch the PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

On this wizard page, you identify the data source for your PivotTable and whether you want to create a PivotTable by itself or a PivotTable and a PivotChart. Clicking Next accepts the default choices and moves you to the second wizard screen.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

On this screen, you verify that the wizard has correctly identified the cells with the data for your PivotTable. If not, you can click the Collapse Dialog button in the Range box, select the cells that contain your data, and then expand the dialog box to continue. Once the proper cell range is listed in the Range box, click Next to move to the final wizard screen.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)This wizard screen asks whether you want to create your

PivotTable in a new or an existing worksheet. Because the data lists used to create PivotTables are usually quite long, it is often best to create the PivotTable in a new worksheet. Clicking Finish closes the wizard; creates a new worksheet in your workbook; and adds a PivotTable, the PivotTable toolbar, and the Pivot Table Field List dialog box to that worksheet.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

To assign a field, or column in a data list, to an area of the PivotTable, you drag the field head to the desired area on the PivotTable outline. For example, you can drag the Week field head to the Drop Row Fields Here box, drag the Day field head to the Drop Row Fields Here box, drag the Hour field head to the Drop Column Fields Here box, and then drag the Sales field head to the Drop Data Items Here box to populate the body of the PivotTable with data. After you drop a field head in the Drop Data Items Here box, the PivotTable fills with data.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

You can also move a field head to an area of the PivotTable by clicking the field head, clicking the Add To down arrow in the Pivot Table Field List dialog box, clicking the area to which you want to move the field, and then clicking the Add To button in the Pivot Table Field List dialog box.

Creating Dynamic Lists with PivotTables (Contd.)

Select the cells in the PivotTable data area.On the Format menu, click Cells.Use the controls in the Format Cells dialog box to format

the cells in the PivotTable, and click OK.

To apply a predefined format to a PivotTable If the PivotTable toolbar is hidden, right-click any toolbar

and then, from the shortcut menu that appears, click PivotTable.

Click any cell in the PivotTable.On the PivotTable toolbar, click the Format Report button.Click the desired AutoFormat.

To format PivotTable data

To apply a predefined format to a PivotTable

Editing PivotTablesAfter you have created a PivotTable, you can edit it to control how

your data is displayed.To open a PivotTable for editing, you click any cell in the PivotTable

and then, if necessary, display the fields available for the PivotTable by clicking the Show Field List button on the PivotTable toolbar.

While the PivotTable Field List dialog box is open, you can drag any field name from the dialog box to the active PivotTable. Dragging a field name to the Drop Page Fields Here box doesn’t change how the data in your PivotTable is arranged, but it does let you filter your PivotTable based on the contents of the field.

Clicking a field head’s down arrow displays a list of values in the field. Clicking any of these values and then clicking OK limits the data shown in the PivotTable to data gathered on the selected weekday.

To remove a filter from a PivotTable, click the down arrow of the field head used to filter the PivotTable, click (All), and then click OK.

To change a PivotTable’s layoutOn the PivotTable toolbar, click PivotTable and then click

Wizard.Click Layout.Drag fields to new areas.Click OK, and click Finish.You can also drag fields directly on the PivotChart to

change the layout.

The End