Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
-
Upload
kaey-niezam -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 1/20
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION
HCD 22202
By:
Khairul Nizam Mohd Isa
MCHSc (Environmental Health)
UniKL MESTECH
L1: Introduction to
Scientific Communication
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 2/20
Objectives
Objectives
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
Understand the definition of research
Understand the concepts needed in order to do research
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 3/20
What is Research?
What is Research?
The word research is composed of two syllables, re and search.
re is a pref ix meani ng agai n, anew or over agai n
search is a verb meani ng to e x ami ne closel y and
carefull y , to test and tr y , or to probe.
Together they form a noun descr i bi ng a careful,sy stemat i c, pat i ent stud y and i nvest i gat i on i n some f i eld of
knowledge, undertaken to establ ish fact s or pr i nc i ples.
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 4/20
What is Research?
What is Research?
Research is a systematic approach to the discovery andvalidation of knowledge.
Research includes the complete spectrum of scholarly and
creative activities.
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 5/20
What is Research?
What is Research?
A careful systematic study and investigation in some fieldof knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles
A structure inquired that utilizes acceptable scientificmethodology to solve problems and creates newknowledge that is generally applicable
A systematic investigation to find answers to a problem
A systematic process of inquiry in order to discover,interpret or revise facts, events, behaviours or theories or to make practical applications with the help of such facts,laws or theories
The term ³research´ is also used to describe the collectionof information about a particular subject and is usuallyassociated with the output of science and the scientificmethod
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 6/20
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 7/20
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 8/20
As a professional you might be interested in findinganswers to theoretical questions
What is the most effective intervention for a particular
problems?
What cause X or what are the effects of Y? What is the relationship between two phenomena?
How do I measure the self-esteem of my clients?
What is the pattern of programme adoption in the
community? What is the best way to find out the effectiveness of a
particular treatment?
How can I select an unbiased sample?
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 9/20
Why do research?Why do research?
Enhances and enriches the quality of the educational(teaching-learning) experience
An enhanced understanding of how knowledge develops
within a field
Expression of intellectual creativity
Administrative advantages
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 10/20
Benefits of ResearchBenefits of Research
Enhances and enriches the quality of the educational(teaching-learning) experience.
Complement the more traditional lecture format
Provides a stimulating intellectual atmosphere and
excellent opportunities for good public relation
Expression of intellectual creativity
Administrative advantages
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 11/20
Benefits of ResearchBenefits of Research
Enhances understanding of how knowledge developswithin a field
Experience the dynamic nature of the process of
knowledge development
Active contribution to the knowledge base, rather thanpassive consumers
Data become real-not something sterile to be memorized
from a textbook
Experience first-hand how knowledge evolves
Understand that what is true for today may no longer be
true for tomorrow
Knowledge is continuously scrutinized and modified by
new development
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 12/20
Application of Research Application of Research
Pure Research
Concerned with the
development, examination,
verification and refinement of research methods, procedures,
techniques and tools that form
the body of research
methodology.
Example:
developing a samplingtechnique that can be applied
to a particular situation.
Developing a methodology to
assess the validity of a
procedures
Applied Research
Most of the research in social
sciences is applied.
The research techniques,procedures and methods that
form the body of research
methodology are applied to the
collection of information about
various aspects of a situation,
issue, problem and phenomenonso that information gathered can
be used in other ways- policy
formulation, administration and
enhancement of understanding
of a phenomenon.
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 13/20
Characteristics of ResearchCharacteristics of Research
Controlled Assist in establishing causality
Rigorous
Need to follow procedures
Methods and procedures used are relevant, appropriate and
justified
Systematic
Valid and verifiable
Result are correct and repeatable
Empirical Conclusion drawn are evidence based
Critical scrutiny
Methods, procedures, results need to withstand scrutiny byothers
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 14/20
What is Good ResearchWhat is Good Research
Based on the work of others Can be replicated (duplicated)
Generalizable to other settings
Based on some logical rationale and tied to theory
Possible to carried out
Generate new questions or is cyclical in nature
It is incremental
Apolitical activity that could be undertaken
For the betterment of society
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 15/20
Type of Research ActivitiesType of Research Activities
Pure Basic Research
Strategic Basic Research
Applied Research
Experimental Development
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 16/20
Type of Research ActivitiesType of Research Activities
Pure Basic
Research
Experimental or theoretical
To acquire newknowledge
W
ithout looking for longterm benefits
Just for advancement of knowledge
Strategic Basic
Research
Experimental or theoretical
To acquire newknowledge in specifiedareas
Useful discoveries
For the solution of recognized problems
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 17/20
Type of Research ActivitiesType of Research Activities
Applied Research
To acquire new
knowledge with specific
application
To determine the possible
uses for findings of thebasic research to achieve
some specific and
predetermined objectives
Experimental
Development
Systematic work using
existing knowledge gained
directed to produce new
products
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 18/20
Basic Areas Of Health ResearchBasic Areas Of Health Research
1. Biomedical sciences Include studies on how human body works at molecular, cellular
and general systemic architecture
2. Public health
Prevention of diseases
Promoting of health and well being for the community
Health service
Policy development
3. Behavioral sciences How people behave
How it affects the quality of life
This are is becoming more popular
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 19/20
Thank You
³Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to
think what nobody else has thought´
Albert Szent-Gy org y i
8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-1-introduction-to-sc-comm 20/20
ReferencesReferences
Ebal, H.F., Bliefert, C. & Russey, W.E. 2004. T he art of sc i ent i f i c wr i t i ng . Wiley VCH
Ran jit Kumar. 2005. Research methodology: A step-by-
step guide for beginners. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.