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Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing

Introduction to CAD/CAMPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM2IE433-CAD/CAMCAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing. It is the technology concerned with the use of computers to perform design and manufacturing functions.

Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAMHistory of CAD/CAM4 major phases of development1950s: Start of interactive computer graphics, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), NC (Numerical Control), APT (Automatically Programmed Tools)1960s: Critical research period for interactive computer graphicsSketchpad by Ivan Sutherland, CADLockheed initiated CADAM, Storage tube-based turnkey systemPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAMHistory of CAD/CAM . . .1970s: Potential of interactive computer graphics was realized by industry,SIGGRAPH, NCGA, IGES, Golden era for computer drafting, Wireframe modeling1980s: CAD/CAM heady years of research, Integration, Solid modeling1990s: CIM, EDB, PDM, CALS, VRPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM1.3 CAD/CAM Market TrendsMicrocomputers and engineering workstations (EWS).Traditional turnkey systems.The key factor to the future success of CAD/CAM is the development of versatile tools for design and manufacturing applicationsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM

Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM

CAD/CAM market by end-user industryPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM

Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM

CAD/CAMmarket by application typePankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM13The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM In order to establish the scope and definition of CAD/CAM in an engineering environment and identify existing and future related tools, a study of a typical product cycle is necessary. The following Figure shows a flowchart of such a cycle. Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM14The Manufacturing ProcessThe Design Process

Synthesis Analysis The CAD Process The CAM ProcessDesign needsDesign definitions, specifications, and requirementsCollecting relevant design information and feasibility studyDesign conceptualizationDesign modeling and simulationDesign analysisDesign optimizationDesign evaluationDesign documentation and communicationProcess planningOrder materialsDesign and procurement of new toolsProduction planningNC, CNC, DNC programmingProductionQuality controlPackagingMarketingShippingTypical Product Life CyclePankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM15The product begins with a need which is identified based on customers' and markets' demands.The product goes through two main processes from the idea conceptualization to the finished product: The design process. The manufacturing process. The main sub-processes that constitute the design process are:Synthesis. Analysis. Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM16Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on a CAD/CAM systemDelineation of geometric modelDefinition translatorGeometric modelDesign and Analysis algorithmsDrafting anddetailingDocumentationTo CAM ProcessInterface algorithmsDesign changesPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM17CAD Tools Required to Support the Design ProcessDesign phaseRequired CAD toolsDesign conceptualizationGeometric modeling techniques; Graphics aids; manipulations; and visualizationDesign modeling and simulation

Same as above; animation; assemblies; special modeling packages.Design analysisAnalysis packages; customized programs and packages.Design optimizationCustomized applications; structural optimization.Design evaluationDimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.Design communication and documentationDrafting and detailing

Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM18Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on a CAD/CAM systemGeometric modelInterface algorithmsProcess planningInspectionAssemblyPackagingTo shipping and marketingNC programsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM19Manufacturing phaseRequired CAM toolsProcess planningCAPP techniques; cost analysis; material and tooling specification.Part programmingNC programmingInspectionCAQ; and Inspection softwareAssemblyRobotics simulation and programming

CAM Tools Required to Support the Design ProcessPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM20Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their ConstituentsComputer graphics conceptsDesign toolsGeometric modelingCADtoolsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM21Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Design EnvironmentDesign tools + ComputerHardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devicesSoftware (graphics; modeling; applications programs= CAD toolsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM22Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their ConstituentsNetworking conceptsMfg toolsCADCAMtoolsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM23Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in a Manufacturing EnvironmentMfg tools + ComputerHardware(control unit; display terminals; I/O devicesSoftware (CAD; NC; MRP; CAPP)= CAM toolsNetworkingPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM24Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their ConstituentsMfg tools

NetworkingDesign toolsGeometric modelingComputer graphics conceptsCAD/CAMtoolsPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM25Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in an Engineering EnvironmentDesign andMfg toolsHardwareSoftware = CAD/CAM toolsNetworking+ ComputerPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM26Geometric modeling of conceptual designIs design evaluation Possible with available Standard software?Design testingAnd evaluationIs final designApplicable?DraftingDocumentationProcess planningAre there manufacturing discrepancies in CAD databases?NC programmingMachiningInspectionAssemblyDevelop customized programs and packagesNoYesYesYesGeometric modeling and graphics packageDesign packageProgrammingpackageNoNoCAPP packageNCpackageInspectionAnd RoboticspackageTypical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial EnvironmentPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM27Advantages of CAD/CAM systems Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times. Reduced inventories.Increased Productivity. Improved customer service. Improved quality. Improved communications with suppliers.Better product design. Greater manufacturing control.Supported integration.Reduced costs.Increased utilization.Reduction of machine tools.Less floor space.Pankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM28Can be very expensive to set up. A single industrial robot can cost millionsIt can take a long time to train people to use more complex equipment.Little need for poorly qualified workers.Fewer people are needed, and this can result in higher unemploymentDisadvantages of CAD / CAMPankaj ChhabraCAD/CAM