Semiconductor Device Modeling and Characterization EE5342, Lecture 1-Spring 2003
Lecture 1 2003
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Transcript of Lecture 1 2003
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INTRODUCTION TO
INDUSTRIALENGINEERING &MANAGEMENT
Module Leader: Ms. Tayyiba Rashid
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PRODUCTION
In economics, Production is simply the conversionof inputs into outputs. It is an economic processthat uses resources to create a commodity that is
suitable for Trade. This can include manufacturing, storing, shipping,
and packaging. Some economists define productionbroadly as all economic activity other thanconsumption. They see every commercial activity
other than the final purchase as some form ofproduction.
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The inputs or resources used in theproduction process are called factorsby economists.
These factors are: Raw materials
Labour services
Capital goods
Land
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TYPES OF PRODUCTION
INTERMITTENTPRODUCTION
CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION
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A fixed factor of production is onewhose quantity cannot readily be
changed.
A variable factor of production is one
whose usage rate can be changedeasily.
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PRODUCTIVITY It is the measure of O/P as
compared to I/P.
Productivity= O/P
I/P
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FUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS TIME EFFICIENTPRODUCTION METHODS
ARE TO BE ADOPTED
USE OF TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS IN THEPRODUCTION PROCESS TO ENHANCE THEPRODUCTION RATE
ALL THE RESOURCES MUST BE USEDEFFICIENTLY
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IS A PRIMEFACTOR
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WAYS TO INCREASE
PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE IN O/P USING THE SAME VOLUME OF
RESOURCES
DECREASE IN RESOURCES USED FOR SAME O/P
HIGHER O/P USING LESSER VOLUME OF RESOURCES HIGHER % INCREASE IN O/P COMPARED WITH %
INCREASE OF I/P
HIGHER DECREASE IN RESOURCES USED AND LESSERDECREASE IN O/P
THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ACCURE THEIR INCOMEFROM SALES OF THEIR O/P
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BENEFITS OF HIGHER
PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTPRICES ARE REDUCED
PAY HIGHER DIVIDENDS TO INVESTOR
INCREASE THE WAGES AND HIGHER
BENEFITS TO THE EMP
LOYER
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CLASSIFICATION OF
PRODUCTIVITY PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY:
Measurement of partial productivity
refers to the measurement solutions which do notmeet the requirements of total productivitymeasurement, yet, being practicable as indicatorsof total productivity
1. LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY:
It is the measure of the effectiveness ofwork force.
2. MATERIAL PRODUCTIVITY:
Ratio of goods produced to raw materialinput.
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3. ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY:Ratio of output to
energy supplied.
4. CAPITAL PRODUCTIVITY:This ratio is
important for investor who is interested inmaximizing the gain of his investment.
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VALUE ADDED PRODUCTIVITY:
It is the difference between
the income from sales and the cost offactors like material, supplies, energy and
utilities.
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FLOW CONTROL OF MATERIALS,
PARTS & SUB-ASSEMBLIES:
STOPPING OF LINE:
A bank of parts and sub-assemblies can be used to avoidproblem. Maintenance personnel should also monitor the
line at regular intervals.
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AGGREGATION MEASURE OF
PRODUCTIVITY:various input factors are assigned a
weightage and total weightage is 1.
TOTALPRODUCTIVITY MEASURE:
It is the ratio of total o/p tototal i/p.
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REJECTION OF PARTS AT LINES:If rejectionis quite high, thenenough parts arenotavailableto keep assemblygoing. Thisis avoided bychecking beforethe assembly.
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PRODUCTION RATE ANDRATE OF CONSUMPTIONOF PARTS AT ASSEMBLYSECTION
production of assembliestypically uses electric-
motor-powered movingtracks or conveyor beltsto move partially completeproducts to workers, who
perform simple repetitivetasks.
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The total product (or total physical product) ofa variable factor of production identifies what
outputs are possible using various levels of thevariable input.